4^ 



* * 



APPENDIX. 

U. S. War . 

EEPORT or THE SECRETARY OE ¥AR, 

IN ANSWER TO A RESOLUTION OF THE SENATE. 

CALLING FOR SUCH MILITARY REPORTS AS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED 

FROM THE COMMANDERS OF OUR ARMY IN MEXICO, SINCE 

THE TRANSMISSION OF THE ANNUAL REPORT 

OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 



jANtrABpc-45-i848jr»-Ordered to bo printed with tha annual report of the S««retary of War. 



:■)■.. nnr,i.„.n i Mi -z rz 



APPENDIX 



TO THE 



REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 



War Department, Washington, January 6, 1848. 
Sir: In compliance with a resolution of the Senate of the 4tk 
instant, requiring the Secretary of War " to communicate to the 
Senate such military reports as hare been received by him from the 
commanders of our army in Mexico, since the transmission of his 
annual report," I have the honor to transmit, herewith, copies of 
the reports required. 

Very respectfully, your obedient serrant, 

•^ ^ W^ L. MARCY, 

Secretary of War. 
Hon. Geo. M. Dallas, 

President of the Senate. 



PuEBLA, Mexico, August 6, 1847. 

Sir: The affair at Madellin,* in which the dragoons under my 
command, aided by two pieces of artillery under Lieutenant Judd, 
and several companies of volunteers, attacked and routed a supe- 
rior force strongly entrenched, has never received, in my estimation, 
that consideration which it merits. If I am correctly informed, no 
mention was made of it in the report of the commanding general 
detailing the operations around Vera Cruz. This omission I believe 
to have been accidental, and can readily excuse, in the magnitude 
of other matters in which the general-in-chief fel{ a personal con- 
cern. I shall make no apology, therefore, for bringing the subject 
again to his notice, as I am convinced he will be happy to do full 
justice to the officers and men who fought with me on that occa- 
sion. 

Events are estimated by their relative importance. An action 
which might be regarded as a brilliant achievement in one age, or 
one campaign, would in another age and under different circum- 
stances be considered of minor importance. This fact is illustrated 
in the present instance. To those concerned, it is unfortuate that 



Report printad, Ex. Doe. 1, p. 2S0j Wiir Dept. 



pi oriC 



3 [1] 

the fight at Madellin should have occurred almost simultaneougly 
with the great victory of Buena Vista, and the unparalleled cap- 
ture of Vera Cruz and San Juan d'Ulloa. Into these great events 
it has been merged, and has consequently received but little no- 
tice. Had it taken place at the commencement of the war, imme- 
diately preceding the battle of Palo Alto, for example, it would 
have been regarded as an unprecedented achievement, and have 
been the occasion of unbounded joy and enthusiasm; but, by its con- 
nexion with these great victories, it has been overshadowed and 
forgottea. 

I do not wish to enlarge on my own services; what I say is not 
intended to glorify myself, but to do justice to my regiment. Since 
the war commenced, the 2d regiment of dragoons has feeen actively 
and laboriously engaged — some portion of the regiment has been in 
every engagement with tlie Mexicans, and the nature of our ope- 
rations not being favorable to cavalry service, the regiment has 
been compelled, in a measure, to do all the drudgery, without fully 
participating in the glory of our achievements. The only opportu- 
nities it has had for distinction, were at Resaca and Madellin, and 
tne latter the only place where our cavalry has fairly met the 
cavalry of our enemy. My report shows the result. The enemy 
were either dismounted, killed, or dispersed, and I am happy to say 
that the occasion was such as to exhibit some of the highest 
qualities of the American soldier and officer. It is not my inten- 
tion in this place to recapitulate what I hare said of that engage- 
ment in my report, but merely to claim, as an act of justice, that 
the officers who distinguished themselves on that occasion should 
be rewarded .In this sentiment I believe the general-in-chief will 
fully concur, and I therefore append the names of the officers most 
distinguished for their gallantry and good conduct. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, 

WM. S. HARNEY, 

Colonel 2d, dragoons. 

To Captain H. L. Scott, A. A. A. General. 



-List of the officers who distinguished themselves in thefight at Ma' 
dellin, March 26//i, 1847, a7id whom I would respectfxilly recom- 
me7id Jor brevets: 

Major Sumner, 2d dragoons. 
Captain Hardee, 2d dragoons. 
Captain Sibley, 2d dragoons. 
Lieutenant Judd, 3d artillery. 
Lieutenant Niell, 2d dragoons. 
Lieutenant Oakes, 2d dragoons. 



[1] 4 

PuEBLAj July 9, 1846. 

General: I arrived at Vera Cruz on the 24th of May, intending 
to leave for the head-quarters of the army of occupation in Puebla^ 
Mexico, -with the first command that should march. On the 2d ul- 
timo, I assumed command of the troops then under orders for the 
kead-quarters of the army, and occupying different camps within 
four miles of Vera Cruz. I now report occurrences and facts in re- 
lation to that command for the time I continued to hold it. 

The accompanying documents. A, my orders assuming command^ 
5, my order prescribing the order of march, and others, I submit in 
explanation of the points to which they refer. It will be seen 
from letters marked C, D and K, that the march was deferred by 
sufficient causes till the afternoon of the 4th ultimo. 

The troops consisted of two companies of the 3d dragoons^ 
mounted; one of the same regiment, on foot, and six companies of 
infantry; one being of the fifth, the regiment to which I belong. 
All, with the exception of three or four officers and a few non-com- 
missioned officers, may be said to have been recruits without in- 
struction or any kind of experience that would supply its place. 

The train containing specie and ammunition, and these facts being 
noised abroad from Vera Cruz to Mexico, previous to starting, pre- 
parations were already reported to be making by the enemy to at- 
tack it. On the day the march commenced, an American newspa- 
per in Vera Cruz announced the departure of the train and the 
amount of specie it contained. 

It is unnecessary for me to describe the heaviness of the sandy 
road, and the long distances without water, for the first part of the 
route, but when to these is added the heat of the tropical sun, nowj 
in June, become intolerable; the men too, Vi^ith the exception of one 
company, being fresh from the extreme north, the effect on men and 
horses may well be imagined such as to render them almost incapa- 
ble of exertion. 

Immediately prior to leaving, the men had been much dispirited 
by sickness, and by seeing many of their number transferred to the 
general hospital at Vera Cruz, where (through prejudice, to be sure) 
they were led to believe that death was certain from inattention or 
yellow fever. They had expected to be paid beiore leaving, in. 
which they were disappointed, and consequently suffered for neces- 
saries to their comfort, the privation of which was a great annoy- 
ance. On this last account the teamsters were in a state of sup- 
pressed mutiny. I mention these things because they tended to en- 
ervate the spirits of the men, and it is upon cheerfulness that their 
ability of enduring fatigue depends. 

Captain Montgomery, assistant quartermaster, United States 
army, and First Lieutenant Adde, 3d dragoons, acting assistant 
quartermaster, were constantly with the train, and I and the rest of 
my staff were with it as often as circumstances would permit; and I 
feel assured that all can testify, that in regard to teams and drivers 
it was extremely inefficient. Many of the teams seemed to have been 
unbroken to harness, and many of the drivers did not know how to 



5 [IJ 

manage or guide a team. They were frequently interlocking -witli 
other jvagonsor committing some similar act of bad driving, haviirg- 
often to leap from their places to seize the leaders by the head, as 
the only way by which they knew how to direct them. Much trow- 
ble arose from the fact that a great many of the teamsters neither 
spoke nor comprehended a word of English. And I may here add, 
that I have ascertained that at the first crack of a gun numbers of 
them deserted their teams, and left them to their own impulses. It 
is not unworthy of remark, that the teams, being composed of Mex- 
ican animals principally, were unaccustomed to the w^ords used to 
them by the drivers. 

The facts already stated in regard to the train will show that the 
wagonmasters had a difficult task in their duty, but how will it be 
expected that they performed it, when I state that with hardly an 
exception, if any, they were attempting to do this duty for the first 
time. 

When to the difficulties already enumerated there is added th.e 
length of the train^ in a road where it is impossible for the wagons 
to proceed without opening out, I trust it will not be considered 
surprising that twenty-four out of one hundred and twenty-eight 
wagons were left on account of broken shafts, broken axle-trees, 
broken down teams, &c. — it being also borne in mind that to cause 
these derangements there was, at times, our own firing mingled with 
that of the enemy^ and an occasional shot wounding or killing 
draught animals. The first of these casualities occurred at the first 
moment of moving, the tongue of a wagon being broken on smooth 
ground ; but, as this occurred ivhen the train suffered no detention 
from water, it was repaired. The second one occurred near the 
same point — a team giving out and the wagon being abandoned, with. 
its entire load of hospital stores. By an unpardonable neglect of 
duty, this was never reported to me. General Cadwalder found 
it as left and caused it to be sent to Vera Cruz. The first evening 
of the march the main body encam-ped at Rio Amedia, three miles 
from the starting point. The rear could not be brought within two 
miles of the front. From this march one man died. In the even- 
ing. Captain Montgomery, who had been with the train all the after- 
noon, reported to me his arrival in camp to take charge of the train. 
Lieutenant Adde was continued under his orders, as an assistatit. 

On the second day of the march, it was found necessary to aban- 
don two wagons, the quartermas'ter reporting it impossible to get 
them on. Their contends were transferred to other wagons. All 
the rest of the wagons were parked by 9, p. m., on the San Juan, 
and the troops disposed for their defence. 

This day we passed Santa Fe, when every company commander 
was ordered by me to supply himself with rations and forage for 
five days, and the necessary halt was made for the execution of the 
order. As I afterwards discovered that this order was. not obeyed 
in regard. to forage by mounted dragoons, I refer you to Lieutenant 
Colonel Moore's letter of explanation, marked E. 

The march was resumed at sunrise on the 6th. Immediately pre- 
vious to rising a hill, which the road ascends by a slant to the right^j 



[1] 6 

the only one thus far deserving from its height to he called a hill, 
and which marks the change into a more broken region than that 
preceding it, the command, made a halt of about half an hour for 
the men to rest and the wagons to close up. The command moved 
orer the hill at a slow pace, and proceeded beyond it about a mile, 
this being sufficient distance to allow the train to clear the hill. I 
having foreseen that some of the wagons would be broken in pass- 
ing over it, (as was the case,) the command was on the point of 
"being halted when a scattering volley, lasting a few moments, was 
heard in front. There was no doubt in my mind but my advance 
was attacked. A halt was immediately made in a. good position, 
and the wagons directed to be parked as they came up. Nearly at 
the same m'oment som.e vollies were heard in the rear, and, we hav- 
ing a commanding view, the hills to a remote distance were seen 
covered with Mexican banditti. Major Lee was ordered to the 
rear to bring it up, and an additional company of infantry vvas sent 
hack with him. In a few minutes Captain Ford's mounted company 
of 3d dragoons arrived from the front, and was sent at once to the 
rear with orders to charge the enemy sword in hand. 

With 'the three companies of infantry, and one of foot dragoons 
now with me in front, I made dispositions to meet the enemy at any 
quarter and defend the train. I more strongly expected him in 
front, as he had succeeded in driving in my advance, and I waited 
in this expectation for some minutes. 

The train had now become divided into two parts; the rear which 
was getting over the hill before alluded to, and the front which was 
closed up with me. Between these two parts, in a hollow and bend 
of the road, out of sight of both front and rear, stood a single wagon 
with a broken axle-tree containing officers' baggage, &c. With 
this wagon a young officer and ten mounted dragoons were placed, 
•who were driven from it, and the eneiey took therefrom a few light 
articles. He also commenced cutting open a trunk in it, but was 
compelled to leave so soon that he did not succeed in doing so. 
This is the only wagon to which the enemy gained access until after 
we had intentionally left it behind as unserviceable. 

A small party of mounted rancheros were seen formed on a hill 
near the road between the front and rear, and were charged by Cap- 
tain McPceynolds, 3d dragoons, with a small part of his mounted 
company, and driven with the loss of one or more of their men. 

The two companies of mounted- dragoons under Lieutenant Colo- 
nel Moore, of that regiment, and the three companies of infantry 
under Major Lee, 4th infantry, with great labor and occasional 
firing upon the enemy, brought up at length all the wagons not dis- 
abled, having distributed the contents of the latter to other wagons. 
This occijpied some hours, and the animals were suffering for water, 
having had none since sunrise. 

In advancing again the following dispositions were made : The 
train stretched out with two wagons abreast. A company of in- 
fantry in single file, on each side of the road, was placed opposite 
t» the centre of the train. Captain Whipple, 5th infantry, with 
forty men, was placed one hundred yards from the road to march 



7 • [1] 

"by flank opposite and parallel to the head of the column. Captain 
Duperu, 3d dragoons, with a like number of his company, on foot, 
was placed in a corresponding position on the right of the road, 
-with the same orders. The rest of the force was in the usual order 
in the front and rear of the wagons. The advance was slow, and 
we had not proceeded much over a mile when a firing was heard off 
to the left and rear of the head of the train, and Captain Ford's 
company, excepting the twenty men in advance, was despatched at 
a gallop alon^ the train to the rear. No injury was done at this 
time. The enemy was kept at a distance, and when the firing ceased 
we moved on again as before, with two exceptions. Captain Ford's 
company was now in rear or along the train, and Captain Duperu's 
returned to its place in column, he reporting that the growth of 
cactus, &c., had become impenetrable. Half a mile further on, 
Captain Whipple, finding the chapparal to the left so dense as not 
to be dangerous, with my permission took his place in column. At 
this moment there was an opening on the right side of the road, 
being a field two hundred yards across, on the south and east sides 
of 'which was a heavy forest, and on the west a steep wooded hill 
about three hundred feet high. The infantry and foot dra^goons, 
and some wagons, which were closed up, being opposite this open 
space, received a fire from the woods on the two sides of the field 
and from the hill. The fire was immediately returned, and at the 
same time I ordered a charge into the woods. This was made with 
promptness, considering the troops were, for the first time, under a 
lively fire, and with spirit, after it was commenced, with the excep- 
tion of an alarming pause made when half way across the field, but 
which lasted but a moment. The cool deportment of the experi- 
enced officers at this time, particularly of my acting adjutant. Lieu- 
tenant Henry Prince, who, at this critical moment, advanced in front 
of the line and urged the men to follow, greatly contributed to en- 
courage and to restore the enthusiasm of the command, in which the 
active' exertions of Major Lee, 4th infantry, and Lieutenant Temple- 
ton, 15th infantry, especially attracted my notice. It moved for- 
ward to the woods, into the recesses of which the enemy took refuge. 
A party remained on the hill, which was cleared by a company of 
infantry under Captain Whipple, 5th infantry, and occupied by the 
same all night. A company of infantry also slept on its arms, ex- 
tended in the wood bordering the field. Although there was some 
firing in rear, I considered this the principal attack, and therefore 
gave it my personal attention, leaving the two companies of mount- 
ed men, and two of foot, to protect the part of the train they were 
■with, under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Moore. The firing 
ceased at all points at the same time. This was after sunset, and 
the animals were still without water. With the two companies of 
infantry, and one of foot dragoons now in front of the train, fol- 
lowed closely by the train, I moved on at once, and came to water 
some time after dark at the bridge near Tolome. My camp was 
more than a mile long, the rear of it being at the field where the 
two companies of infantry lay. 

I saw plainly by this day's operations that with ray actual force 



[1] 



8 



much destruction in the train would ensue, and considerable loss be 
experienced in the difficult passes ahead; for there can be no doubt 
but the marauders were assembled from Jalapa and Vera Cruz and 
the intermediate country, attracted particularly by the reputed 
amount of specie in the train. By the distribution of the contents 
of abandoned wagons into others already sufficiently heavy, the 
teams had become overloaded, and it was necessary to send to Vera 
Cruz for more transportation or to destroy some property. I pre- 
ferred the former course, and sent by express the ct)mmunication, 
marked F, to General Cadwalader, dating it Paso Vegas, which I 
supposed the name of the place. 

Finding the water bad, I sent my adjutant forward next morning, 
escorted by a company of dragoons, to reconnoitre to the next. He 
having reported favorably of it, I moved to Paso de Ovejas. On the 
route a single volley, at a long distance, was fired into the train 
without doing any injury. Captain McReynolds, charging by my 
order in that direction, had one man wounded, but found the ene- 
my inaccessible on a cliff, and running away. Before leaving for 
Paso de Ovejas, which I did late in the forenoon, the quartermaster 
in charge of the train was furnished with pack mules and directed 
by me to bring up from the rear the contents of all wagons which 
it was necessary to abandon as unserviceable, and this order was 
reported to me by him as executed. When the advance arrived at 
Paso de Ovejas I offered to send some pack mules back to the last 
encampment to pick up a few bags of flour and some bacon which 
I supposed left there; but I was informed that it had already been, 
taken up, though I now believe this report was incorrect, and that 
the Mexicans of the neighborhood thus obtained it. 

It will be seen by the letters (G) of Captain Montgomery, that 
104 wagons and 417 pack mules reached Paso de Ovejas with me ; 
and (H) that 128 wagons were sent from Vera Cruz, twenty-four 
of which were rendered unserviceable on the route and abandoned. 
The pack mules joined us en route on the third day. I have not 
been able to learn (vide letter G) what number joined, or whether 
any was lost or not. 

My command was placed in the most comfortable and the most 
healthy situation they had been in since their arrival in this coun- 
try. Some forage and beef were bought in the neighboring coun- 
try, and the few rancheros, seen with guns by our small recon- 
noitring parties, ran away from them. 

On the afternoon of the 11th ultimo. General Cadwalader, U. S. 
A., arrived at my camp with 500 men and assumed the command 
of the whole. 

I have now to make some statements in regard to forage, which 
gave me much perplexity at the time. 

1. The evening before commencing the ror.rch, the train came 
Out from Vera Cruz with but a single feed for half the horses at- 
tached to it. Next day I v/rote to the quartermaster at Vera Cruz 
for some, (D,) bftt none came, or could be had till the arrival at 
Santa Fe. 

2. It was not till the evening of the 7th ultimo that I found the 



9 [ 1 J 

laonnted dragoons had left Sante Fe without forage, and that they 
vrere feeding^from the insufficient'quantity provided for the train. 

3. Not being able to ascertain what the mules that joined our 
caravan were laden with, I took for granted that half their packs 
were forage, and only learnt on the 7th that they joined without any, 
and in the mean time had subsisted from the train. 

1 submit these facts without comment. 

Having received the report marked (H) from the A. Q. M., I sent 
all the serviceable pack mules, about 400, on the 9th to Santa Fe 
or Vera Cruz, (see the doc. marked L,) escorted by Captain Mc-' 
Reynolds and fifty dragoons. Afterwards, my adjutant discovered, 
by examining the subsistence stores, that the report was erroneous, 
and a new report (I) was ordered. 

I have the honor to enclose a field report of the command for the 
7th ultimo, and a report of the killed, wounded and missing occur- 
ing to that date. Among the wounded was surgeon R. F. Harney, 
U. S. A. It will be seen that my loss amounted to six privates 
killed, eighteen wounded and one missing. 

Very respectfully, I am sir, your obedient servant, 

J. S. McTNTOSH, 
Colonel Brevet U. S. Army. 

Captain H. L. Scott, U. S. A., 

A. A. A. G., Head-quarters U. S. Army, Puehlaj Mexico. 



Field report of a detachment of the U. S. Army, en route from Vera 
Cruz to the interior of Mexico, commanded h.y Brevet Col J. S. 
Mcintosh, U. S. A., for the evening of June 7, 1847. 



for duty. 

Dragoons. — Commissioned officers 7 

Non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates 134 

Aggregate 141 

Infantry. — Commissioned officers 19 

Non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates. 445 

Aggregate 464 

SICK. 

Dragoons. — Commissioned officers 

Non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates 13 

Aggregate 13 

Infantry. — Commissioned offi.cers 1 

Non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates. 69 

Aggregate 70 

Aggregate for duty 605 



[1] 



10 



Aggregate sick ..*...«.*•.. SS 

Aggregate 688 

N. B. — One company of dragoons (total present 90, aggregate 
91) on foot is incorporated with infantry. 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel Brevet U. S. Army. 
Henry PrikcEj 1^^ Lieut, ith infantry^ Acting Adjutant. 



Report of the killed^ wounded and missing of a detachment of th€ 
U. S. Army^ en route from Vera Cruz to the interior of Mexico, 
commanded by Brevet Lieut. Colonel J.S. Mchitosh, U. S. A.^iji 
combat with the enemy on the 6th and 1th June, 1847. 

Killed, 6 privates^ total 6. Wounded, 1 commissioned officer, IS 
privates; aggregate 19. Misshig^lpriycite; total 1. All these ca- 
sualties occurred on the 6th, with the exception of one, which is 
under the head of wounded. 

HENRY PRINCE, 
1st Lieut. 4:th infantry, Acting Adjutant. 

J^ames of the killed. — Privates Pennington, Redden, Gibson, of 
D company, 3d dragoons; private Coombs, of K company, 3d dra- 
goons; privates Allis and Heath, of F company, 4th infantry. 

JVames of the wounded. — Surgeon B. F. Harney, U. S. A.; pri- 
vates Comin, Greares, Brooks, Stewart, of D company, 3d dra- 
goons; Seymour, of K company, 3d dragoons; Burdick, Baker, 
Christian, Lackey, of F company, 4th infantry; Aubin, of B com- 
pany, 5th infantry; Kaufman, of D company, 15th infantry; Dau- 
ger, Ruckser, of H. company, 15th infantry, and Gibbsj of K com- 
pany, 15th infantry, on the 6th of June; and private Hungerford, of 
K company, 3d dragoons, on the 7th. 

. JYame of the missing. — Private George Richardson, of H compa- 
ny, 15th infantry, 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel Brevet U. S. Army. 

Henry Prince, 1st Lieut. 4:th infajitry. Acting Adjutant. 



A. 



[Ordxrs, No. 1.] TiRA Cruz, Mexico, June 2, 1847. 

1. The undersigned hereby assumes command of the detachments 
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Moore, 3d dragoons. Major Lee, 
4th infantry, and Captain Whipple, 5th infantry. Ordered by 
Colonel Wilson, United States army, and now encamped at and 
near Bergara, to march to-morrow morning to the head-quarters of 
the army. 



11 [ 1 ] 

2. The followimg officers "will act in the sereral capacities as- 
signed them, viz : 

1st Lieutenant Henry Prince, 4th infantry, adjutant of the com- 
mand. 

1st Lieutenant G. S. Adde, 3d dragoons, quartermaster. 

All orders given by the above respective officers, in their staff 
capacities, will be promptly obeyed. 

3. Lieutenants Prince and Adde will, without delay, report to 
the undersigned, at the governor's quarters. 

4. Lieutenant Colonel Moore will immediately publish the above 
orders. 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
/ Col. Brevet U. S. Army. 



[Orders, No. 2.] Detachment, Head-quarters, 

Vera Cruz, June 3, 1847. 

The troops of this, command will move at 5 o'clock to-morrow 
morning, in the following order : An advance guard of twenty 
mounted dragoons, under a commissioned officer, will precede the 
column, not to exceed the distance of three hundred yards. The 
remainder of the same company will take the right of the main 
body, and be succeeded by Captain Duperu's company, and next, 
by Major Lee's command of infantry, which will be followed by 
the train. 

A company of mounted dragoons will be daily detailed for the 
rear guard, and will take post in rear of the train. 

Two companies of infantry will be daily detailed to march in 
the centre of the train. 

The advance guard will throw out flankers to the right and left 
of the road, at the distance of one hundred or two hundred yards. 

By order of Colonel McLitosh. 

H. PRINCE, 
1st Lt. Uh Inf.., Ass. Adj. 



C. 

Assistant Quartermaster's Office, 

Vera Cruz^ June 3, 1847. 
Colonel : I have the honor to represent to you that, with every 
effort I have been able to make, I find it will not be in my pow^er 
to get the specie landed from the Massachusetts in time to load it 
this evening, and, therefore, that it will be impossible for the trains 
to be at the encampment to-morrow morning at 5 o'clock. Inde- 
pendent of that taken up for the pay department, now here, under 



[ 1 ] 12 

charge of Paymaster Crutchfield, amounting to about fifty thousancf 
dollars, there will be an additional $300,000 — eight wag on loads—- 
which the army stand very much in need of, and which it is im- 
• portant should be sent under the escort of s^ command, a port ion 
of which, at least, is mounted. By 8 o'cloct to-morrow morn ing, 
certainly by 9, I can have it all at the encampment; and permit 
me to suggest that the detention will not interfere with your march 
any further than making your arrival at San Juan a little later than 
it otherwise would be. To be compelled to M^ait until the next 
train moves, which may not be for a week, and which is not ex- 
pected to have any mounted men with it, would not only embarrass 
both the quartermaster's and pay departments very much, but there 
would be a risk incurred, which, in my opinion, ought to be avoided. 
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

A. R. HETZEL. 
Col. J. S. McIntosh, 

Commanding detachment. 



Official. 



H. PRINCE, 1st Lt. Ath Inf.^ Ass. Adj. 



D. 

Head-quarters, Camp Wilson, 

June 4, 1847, 1 o^clock^ -p. m. 

Sir : I am directed by Colonel Mcintosh to call your attention 
to the fact that none of the wagons of specie have yet arrived, and 
having waited till this hour for them, he finds it will be impossible 
to make a day's march, or get further than the first water, which 
is but three miles from here, the next being thirteen ; and as two- 
thirds of the whole train, thus detained, on your request and repre- 
sentation, in your letter of last evening, are without feed for to- 
night, he desires that you will furnish them with the necessary 
forage. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

H. PRINCE, 
\st Lt. 4:th Inf., Ass. Adj. 

Captain A. R. Hetzell, 

U. S. A., Vera Cruz. 



E. 

Paso Vejas, Jime 8, 1847. 

Colonel : I have this moment received a note from your adju- 
tant, informing me that he was directed by you to ascertain if I 
received your order at Santa Fe, on the 5th instant, "to leave that 



13 [1] 

place supplied with fire days' rations for men and horses, and if so, 
why the order was not complied with." 

In reply I have to inform you*, that your verbal order was re- 
ceived by me to the effect named, and communicated by me in due 
form to the captains of the respective companies of my command; 
that, in obedience to said order, five days' rations for men were 
procured, in addition to which. Captain Ford received eight sacks 
of oats. Captain McReynolds informs me that he made all arrange- 
ments with Captain Montgomery, quartermaster, for a supply of 
forage for five days for the horses of his and Captain Ford's com- 
mand, and the following morning -was informed by Captain Mont- 
gomery, that the person on whom he relied to forward the same had 
failed to do so. The horses attached to my command, have, from 
the nature of the service performed by them, already undergone 
much fatigue, and without an adequate supply of forage, will be 
rendered wholly inefficient. 

I take the occasion to repeat my humble opinion, that the force 
Tinder your command is not sufficiently numerous to secure the 
train from the continued attacks of the marauders by whom we 
hare been thus far so frequently assailed. 

YouT obedient servant, 

T. P. MOORE, 
Lieut. Col. 2d Dragoons. 

Brevet Col. J. S. McIntosh, Comd^g^ Sfc, ^c. 

Official. H. PRINCE, 1st Lt. ^th Inf., Ass. Adj, 



5 

raw 



Head-quarters, Paso Vejas, June 6, 1847. 

General: I have the honor to inform you, as the senior officer at 
Vera Cruz, that I have been constantly attacked since 10, a. m. 
to-day, and that the immense train under the escort of the ra-' 
troops is so extensive that it is impossible, without a considerable 
additional force, to guard it and proceed. 

I find all the wagon teams too weak for them, so that the road 
breaks them downj and, besides this, but few of them have been 
broken to harness. Few of the teamsters ever drove before and 
the wagonmasters are mostly new. From these causes and' the 
shots of the marauders, the train is crippled, wagons are broken 
torses and teamsters wounded, and consequently twenty wagons or 
a hundred draught horses or mules, are necessary. ' 

Knowing a large force is disposable between here and Vera Cruz, 
and on the point of marching this way, I write to request that, for 
the purpose solely of saving public property, which has been 
crowded on this command without calculation, you will cause them 
to advance forthwith. 

No matter whether the attacking party is numerous or not, the 
points of attacking such a train are so numerous, that now the dis- 



[1] 14 

position to attack it is manifested, common judgment requires more 
ample protection for the property in it. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. S. McINTOSH, 

Col. Brevet Ut S. Army. 
To. Brig. Gen. Cadwaladeb. 



G. 

Paso de Otejas, MEiiqt>j June 8, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor, in obedience to your orders, to make the 
following report: 

The train that has reached this point consists of one hundred and 
four teams and four hundred and seventeen pack mules and horses. 
There is attached to the wagons five hundred and seven draught 
horses. To subsist these horses, there is on hand one hundred and 
fifty-nine sacks of forage, each sack containing two bushels. 

There has been left on the road, by casualties, twenty-four wagons; 
their contents, however, have generally been brought forward. 

I have not been able to learn from the conductor of the pack 
train the amount of his loss; he reports that six of his men were 
killed, and some ran away, abandoning the mules they had ia 
charge. 

I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. W. MONTGOMERY, 

Capt. and Jisst. Quartermaster. 
Official. 

H. PRINCE, 1*^ Limit., cVc-., ^c. 



H. 

Paso de Ovejas, June S, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your order, I have the honor to make the 
following report: 

There is not at my disposal any bread; there Lre on hand — 
1733 rations of coffee, 
7333 " " bacon, 
550 " " flour, 
1682 " " oats for horses. 
The number of wagons which left Vera Cruz has been reported to 
me by Captain Hetzel, the senior quartermaster at that place, to 
be 132; but, on inquiry of the several wagon masters belonging to 
the train, they hare reported to me but 128 teams which left the 
latter place. The wagon masters also report to me the loss of 24 
wagons on the road, some of them broke down, and others were 
broken during the attack of the Mexicans upon the advance. 



15 [1] 

I am not able to inform you what the wagons were loaded with, 
except some 25 or 30. I was not apprised of their contents pre- 
Tioiis to the train being placed in my charge, nor hare I since. 
I have the honor to be, rery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

S. W. MONTGOMERY, 
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster. 
H. Prince, 1*^ Lieut. Infantry, 

and AssH Adjutant to Col. Mcintosh'' s command. 
Official. H. PRINCE, 1st Lt. Uh Inf., Sfc. 



I. 

Camp Paso de Ovejas, June 11, 1847. 

Sir : In answer to your note of this date, I have the honor to re- 
port for the information of the colonel as follows: 
There are on hand — 

107 wagons, 

528 horses and mules, attached to wagons, 
38 sacks oats, 405 rations, 
19 " corn, 304 " 

62 '' flour, 6,642 '' 

(32,000 lbs.) 400 " bacon, ?,..., a 
(2,240 lbs.) 43 bbls. '' ^ 40,b0d 

(1,800 lbs.) 12 sacks coffee, 10.800 " 
(30 bu.) 6 bbls. salt, 48,000' " 

Very respectfully, &c., 

S. W. MONTGOMERY, 
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster. 
Lieut. Prince, Adjutant, ^'c. 
Official. ^, H. PRINCE, 1^^ Lt. 4:th Inf., fyc. 



K. 

Vera Cruz, June 3d, 1847. 

We, the undersigned, being appointed a board for the inspection 
-of horses, offered by the quartermaster's department for the service 
of the 3d dragoons, U. S. army, have fully examined and inspected 
the same, and do hereby condemn them as unfit for service. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 

AM. DUPERU, 
Captain Company G, 3d dragoons. 
JNO. S. BROWN, 
1^^ Lieut. Company K, 3d dragoons. 
FRANCIS HENRY, 
2d Lieut e7iant, 3d dragoons. 
To Col. McIntosh, commanding. 
Official. H. PRINCE, 1*^ Lt. 4.th Inf.^ Sfc. 



[1] 



16 

L. 



Pjvso de Ovejasj ^th Jure, 1847. 

Sir : I send to Santa Fe all the pack mules with the train for the 
purpose of obtaining a load of bread and forage. You will, there- 
fore, instantly on their arrival load them with five days' rations of 
hard bread for 807 men, and five days' forage for 1,114 horses. If 
the paclfs cannot take this weight, diminish the bread and forage 
proportionally,?*. €., send four days' of each, or three, according fo 
the weight which they can bear. Of course, if your hard bread gives 
out, you must substitute flour. 

If you have less than two days' rations of the above, you will 
^end the packs directly on to Vera Cruz without stopping, and you 
will send this letter as an explanation of the purpose they are sent 
for. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

HENRY PRINCE, 
1*^ Lieut. 4:th Hifantry^ -^^i- of C'o/. Mcintosh'' s detachment. 

To R. M. Humphreys, 

Agent of Quartermaster'' s Department at Santa Fe. 



Head-quarters, Paso de Ovejas, 9th June, 1847. 

Captain : You will proceed withjthe serviceable horses of your 
company, with all proper despatch, hence to Santa Fe, guarding en 
route the pack mules which go with you. Should they be loaded 
at Santa Fe for this camp, you will immediately return with them 
and protect them from the enemy. 

This duty will require from you the utmost vigilance against sur- 
prise, and it is expected that you will persevere should you be 
opposed. 

Should the mules not be loaded at Santa Fe, you will at once 
proceed with them to Vera Cruz, and report their arrival to the 
quartermaster. 

DespatcVes for General Cadwalader are herewith placed in your 
possession, which you will cause to be conveyed to him from Santa 
Fe. It is probable that this can be done by one of the quartermas- 
ter's men at Santa Fe. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

HENRY PRINCE, 
1^^ Lieut. 4:th infantry^ Adjutant^ Sfc. 

Captain A. T. Reynolds, 

Captain 3d Dragoons, Paso de Ovejas. 



Head-quarters, Paso Vejas, June 8, 1847. 
General : I enclose a copy of my communication to you of the 
6th instant, which may not hare retched you. Since sending it I 
liave discovered with, infinite surprise that, notwithstanding my or- 



17 [1] 

der given at Santa Fe, on the 6th instant, to the dragoons to sup 
ply themselves with five days' forage, they left there without any, 
and that their horses have been subsisting on the forage brought for 
the teams; and, moreover, that 500 pack mules were sent along 
without forage, which have also been subsisting on w^hat was pro- 
vided for the teams. Th« consequence is, that I now have little 
more than one day's fora^, and I cannot advance until I am sup- 
plied with the necessary quantity to reach Jalapa. It will take at 
least three days to reach there, even if I should not meet with at- 
tacks, of which there is great probability; and I have about 1,114 
horses to supply, which gives, as absolutely necessary, 3,342 rations,, 
which I request may be forwarded to me without delay. 

The state of my command in regard to provisions is as follows, 
viz: the dragoons and infantry, 673 strong, are rationed to include 
the 9th instant; so are also 114 men of the quartermaster's depart- 
ment. One hundred and twenty men of the quartermaster's depart- 
ment, in addition to the above 787, will require, to make the route 
to Jalapa, at least three days' bread, making in all (807-1-3=2,421) 
2,421 rations of bread. 

I was under the impression, on assuming the responsibility of the 
command at the moment of its marching, that the train was prin- 
cipally laden with provisions for the army, and to-day I learn, ta 
my great astonishment, that it contains but 550 rations of bread- 
stuffs and 7,333 of bacon. The bacon will be sufficient for my com- 
mand, but as it requires 907 rations daily, (including the quarter- 
master's men, 120 of whom I find were sent without subsistence,) 
the 550 will not supply bread for a day. 

I know that I need not dwell on the necessity of these supplies 
being pushed forward with the utmost despatch, the statement 
above made being sufficient inducement for the most prompt action 
in the case. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel Brevet U. S. A. 

To Brigadier General Geo. Cadwalader, • 

U. S. Army^ commanding U. S. troops at Vera Cruz. 

P. S. Should this communication be received, advise me as prompt- 
ly as possible by express. J. S. M. 

The additional transportation asked for in my last will not now 
be necessary for the transmission of any property with me. 

J. S. M. 
Official — Paso Vegas, June 9, 1847. 

H. PRINCE, 
First Lieutenanty &^€. 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade 3d Division, 

Puebla, Mexico, July 12, 1847. 

Sir : In reply to your letter dated the 11th instant, requesting to 
ije furnished with a report of the incidents which occurred on my 
;uiarch from Vera Cruz to this place, including combats with the 
enemy, I respectfully submit the following for the information of 
the general- in-chief. 

On the 7th of June, whilst awaiting at Vera Cruz the arrival of 
a portion of the troops of my brigade, I received a letter by ex- 
press from Colonel Mcintosh, da1,ed the 6th June, lip. m., at Paso 
de Ovejas, stating that he had been " constantly attacked since 
10, a. m., to-day, andthat theimmense train under the escort of my 
l^his) troops is so extensive, that it is impossible without a consid- 
43rable additional force to guard it and proceed." A copy of the 
letter is herewith enclosed. 

Immediately ord-ers were communicated for so many of thetroops 
as could be provided with transportation to be put in marching 
4order ; and early on the morning of the 8th, one company of the 3d 
^iragoons, one section of the howitzer battery from the regiment of 
voltigeurs, and. a detachment of infantry, in all about five hundred, 
were en route to reinforce the column awaiting support. 

On coming up with Colonel Mcintosh, v,"hich was on the 10th of 
June, it was found that we would be unable to proceed without de- 
lay, in consequence of the crippled condition of his train, while, at 
the same time, the scarcity of forage and the limited supply of pro- 
visions for thetroops to Jalapa, rendered it necessary for me to di- 
rect every effort should be made to put the train in marching con- 
dition, and for the troops to be in readiness to leave at the earliest 
practicable moment. 

On the following afternoon the column resumed its march. Be- 
fore leaving Paso de Ovejas, we had reason to believe that the 
enemy, in considerable numbers, were occupying the commanding 
positions in our front, at the National Bridge, and were prepared to 
resist us at that point. 

On approaching the bridge, they were found to be in possession 
<3f the fort on the left of the road, from which they could deliver 
'their fire with effect upon the train at several points, from the cir- 
'Cuitous course of the road in its descent to the bridge before reach- 
ing the foot of the ravine. The enemy were also in possession of 
the heights on the opposite side of the bridge, from which point 
they would have a raking fire upon otir columns during the passage 
»f the river. These heights I found it impracticable to reach, ex- 
cept by crossing the bridge. 

The bridge itself was barricaded. Under these circumstances it 
appeared to be necessary to detach a sufficient infantry force to 
dri^e the enemy from the fort overhanging the road, before reach- 
ing the bridge ; and simultaneous with that movement, to order for- 
, ward the howitzers to breach the barricade, and a company of 
cavalry and two of infantry to force the bridge as soon as a passage 
■was prepared for them. Lieutenant and Adjutant Henry Prince, 



19 [1] 

of the 4th infantry, who had been assigned to command the howit- 
zers, rendered me highly valuable service at this critical moment. 
He advanced with the battery, and succeeded in breaching Ihe barri- 
cades, and preparing the way for our troops to charge, which wag" 
made under a heavy fire from the enemy. The heights upon the 
right, after crossing the bridge, were carried by Captain Pitman's 
company of the 9th infantry, and a small deta^ hment from other 
companies, under a fire from the enemy, handsomely led by Brevet 
Captain Rooker, the chief of my staff. Having thus gained posses- 
sion of the points on which it was necessary for us to encamp, both on 
account of water and the security of the train, thelatterwas ordered 
forward and parked for the night. I have to regret the loss of 32 
officers and men, killed and wounded, belonging to the service, with 
others employed with the train whose names are not known. We 
have reason to believe that the enemy suffered severely, although 
no positive information has been communicated to me with regard 
to their loss, or the numbers engaged. In consequence of our de- 
lay in marching from Paso de Ovejas, we were compelled to accom- 
plish a part of our work under cover of the night, and to this* I 
mainly attribute the limited loss we sustained. Had those posi- 
tions been forced by daylight, the list of killed and wounded would 
have been, unquestionably, greatly augmented. 

On the 13th, after sending back tlie wounded with a suitable 
escort, we proceeded to Plan del Rio, Vv'ith no other interruption or 
annoyance than an occasional discharge of escopets at small por- 
tions of our troops and train. The discharges usually proceeded 
from behind dense thickets, almost impracticable for our flankers to 
penetrate, and not unfrequently resulted in the loss of men, horses, 
and mules. 

We passed Cerro Gordo the 14th, having previously taken pos- 
session of the commanding positions, and on the 15th reached Ja- 
lapa, where we were joined by the brigade under Colonel Childs. 
Before leaving that city on the iSth, information reached fis that 
Ihe enemy were in force at La Hoya, prepared to resist our advance 
in so strong a position, and we encamped at the village before en- 
tering the pass on the 19tb. On approaching it on the 20th at an 
early hour, our advance found it occupied with a considerable 
force, apparently determined to dispute the passage of the train. 
Four companies, under Captain Winder, of the 1st artillery, were 
sent in advance with written instructions to occupy the successive 
heights in the pass. On gaining the mountain on the left with two 
companies, he reported the enemy to be also in force upon the in- 
termediate height that he had already gained, from which only the 
other height which commanded the road could be approached. 
Major Dimick, with two companies, was sent to reinforce him. 
The approach of this detachment upon the rear of the enemy was 
unexpected, and they were driven precipitately from the mountains 
across the road. Captain Winder succeeded in killing four, and 
taking three prisoners, and three prisoners were taken by Major 
Dimick. The enemy falling in with a portion of the 1st regiment 
Pennsylvania volunteers, and Captain Walker's company of mounted 



[1] 



20 



Tiflemeiij under the command of Colonel Wynkoop, a brisk fire 
-was opened by both parties. The advance of the 2d brigade, under 
Colonel Childs, drove the enemy in confusion for more than two 
miles, they leaving seven or eight dead upon the field, several who- 
-were wounded having made their escape, the enemy admitting a 
loss of over thirty men. The force of the enemy seen by us, was 
estimated at about seven hundred, although it was said to have 
been much greater. The command encamped that night at Rio 
Frio, and on the 21st reached Perote, at 12 o'clock, m.* 

I refer you to the report of Colonel Thomas Childs, in command 
of the 2d brigade of the division under my command, herewith 
enclosed, from whom I received valuable assistance from the time 
he joined me. 

The miserable mustang ponies, by which our train was drawn, 
rendered it difficult, over a mountainous country, to keep the train 
closed up, and to afford proper protection to it in the face of an 
enemy, without attention to the management of the train by the 
proper officers, and the assistance of persons of experience and in- 
dustry. 

At Perote, it became necessary to purchase a number of mules 
for the train, and on the 23d June, as I was about to march for 
Puebla, I received an order from Major General Pillow, by express 
from Vera Cruz, directing me not to proceed beyond Perote until 
his arrival at that place. 

On the 1st July, General Pillow arrired at Perote, and assumed 
the command previously to our march to this place. Enclosed you 
•will find a return of the killed and wounded during the march 
from Paso de Ovejas to Perote. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. CADWALADER, 
Brigadier General U. S. Army^ commanding. 

Capt. H. L. Scott, 

Acf g Jlss't Adjutant General^ head-quarters of the army. 



Head-quarters, 1st Artillery, 

Puebla, July 12, 1-847. 

Sir: Agreeably to your request of this date, I have the honor to 
report the operations of the brigade under my command, on the 
march from Jalapa to Perote. 

The second brigade was composed of four companies of the 2d 
dragoons, the 1st regiment of artillery, (including Captain Magru- 
der's battery of two 12-pounders and one mountain howitzer,) and 
the 2d Pennsylvania volunteers; commanded, respectively, by 
Captain Blake, Major Dimick, and Colonel Roberts. 

The command left Jalapa on the 18th of June, in the afternoon, 
and encamped at Barderilla. At daylight, on the morning of the 
19th, the troops'were in motion; the advance, a portion being in- 
terspersed between the divisions of the train, composed of the 2d 
brigade, with flankers thrown o«t to the right and left, occupying 



21 [I] 

such positions and heights as might be advantageous for the enemy, 
and then remained until relieved by the successive columns as they 
came up; and in this way the march w^as continued to La Hoy a, where 
we encamped for the night, without anything very special having 
occurred during the day. On the morning of the 20th5 four com- 
panies under Captain Winder were sent, in advance, to occupy the 
successive heights in the pass of La Hoya, where the enemy were 
supposed to have posted themselves in considerable force. They 
were at last discovered, as we emerged from the pass, on the last 
and most difficult height to ascend, and on the left of the road. 

Capt. Winder, with two companies, was directed to dislodge the 
enemy, and on gaining a mountain next to the one alluded to 
above, he reported the enemy in force on the height that he had 
already gained, when Major Dimick, with two companies, was sent 
to reinforce him. The cautious approach of Captain Winder en- 
abled him to fire with effect upon the enemy, killing four and taking 
three prisoners. Three prisoners were likewise taken by Major 
Dimick. The Mexicans, finding that the troops were approaching 
in a different direction from what they anticipated, precipitately 
left the mountain, passed over to the right of the road, when fall- 
ing in with a portion of the command of Colonel \yynkoop, a 
brisk fire was opened from both parties. The advance of the 2d 
b.rigade coming up, drove the enemy in confusion from hill to hill 
for two and a half miles, they leaving seven or eight dead upon 
the field. The enemy was computed at from six to seven hundred. 

The command encamped that night four miles beyond La Hoya 
at Rio Frio, and at 12, m., on the 21st, arrived at Perote without 
any further incident. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

THOMAS CHILDS, 
Colonel Commanding 2d Brigade. 

Captain J. Hooker, 

A. A. Gen. J head-quarters 3d division. 



Head-quarters, Department of Perote, 
June 23, 1847. 

I have the honor to report the following to the commander-in- 
chief: * 

On the 15th of June, a courier reported with letters from head- 
quarters, stating that Alvarez was on the road between this place 
and Puebla. 

At the same time, hcc v^ng of a force of about five hundred in our 
immediatp vicinity, I sent Captain Walker to seize and bring down 
to the castle 30 fine mustang horses which were secured at San An- 
tonio, and which I thought might be seized and used against us. 

The next day, I learnt from a Mexican courier that a force of 
fifteen hundred men were stationed at La Hoya with the determia- 
ration of attacking General Cadwalader and train. 



Ti] 



22 



Ascertaining afterwarrls that this information was correct, and 
also learning the period at which General G. would arrive at La 
Huya, I sent to Jalapa a courier, telling General Cadwalader I 
would meet him at the pass in the rear of the enemy on Sunday 
morning early. 

At 10 o'clock on Saturday evening I left the castle and moved 
down the national road with Walker's rifles and five companies of 
my own regiment, (B, C, F, H, and K,) in all about250men. We 
reached the enemy's pickets about a mile beyond Las Vegas and 
drove them in before daybreak, killing one of them. 
■ In this charge, Captain Walker, who was in advance, encounter- 
ed ^a fence which threw his men, injuring some of them severely; 
and in the rnelee- he lost his own horse and the horses of eight of 
his men. The accident I consider unavoidable, and think that no 
blame can accrue to the captain for the consequences. 

At about seven o'clock, linding a party of the enemy's horsemen 
occupying the hills around us, I sent out skirm-ishers, who succeeded 
in driving them off, killing five of them. We then halted to rest, 
the men having Walked a distance ©f 25 miles. Captain Walker 
requested permission to ride on, in order to get some feed for his 
horses, a §hort distance in advance, and had been absent but ten 
minutes when he was hotly engaged with the enemy. I hurried up 
with ray command, and found him fighting about 500 in a de.ep 
valley beyond Las Vegas. Lipon the approach of the infantry, the 
Mexicans broke, and I turned the battalion rapidly so as to cut off 
their retreat. 1 followed them for several miles, fighting them, 
upon every favorable piece of ground upon which they rallied, and 
killing a number. All this time. General Cadwalader with Colo- 
nel Childs were engaged in pursuing them; a most complete rout 
was the consequence. As near as I can estimate, the loss on the 
part of the enemy was at least 50 men killed; among the killed 
was an officer who was shot through the body by my orderly. 

It is but just to state to the commander-in-chief, that the officers 
and men behaved themselves braVely and well. They went into 
the fight cheerfully, ignorant that General Cadwalader's force was 
at hand, and were desperately determined to drive the enemy off 
the ground alone. Major Bowjnan, who was in charge of my in- 
fantry, distinguished himself by his coolness and courage, and was 
among the last to quit the pursuit. Captain Walker and his com- 
pany deserve the greatest share in the honor of the fight. Before 
the arrival of the infantry he held his position with 30 rifles against 
500 of the enemy, and had killed a number of them. 

I am further happy to state that none of ray command were 
wounded. 

All of which I have the honor, most respectfully, to submit to 
the general-in- chief. 

F. M. WYNKOOP, 
Colonel commanding head- quarters at Peroie. 

To Captain H. L. Scott, 

^. ^. J. Gen., Picehla. 



23 [1 



J£ 



PerotEj June 21, 1847. 

Sir: When ordered forward by you at three o'clock, a. m., oil 
the 20th, I understood from you that you had a picket about twa 
hundred yards in advance. In this I was disappointed. I had not 
advanced more than one hundred yards before I was hailed by the 
enemy, who appeared about forty in number. I could not return ®z 
delay a moment to reconnoitre, as I intended, without subjecting^^ 
my command and yours also to a raking fire, and I iramediatelj 
ordered the charge. The enemy were completely routed, and fired 
in such haste and confusion that no man was wounded; but unfortu- 
nately w^e found a curve in the road while we supposed it to he 
straight, and a number of us were unhorsed by the falling of, our 
horses over a fence which w^as not seen until we were on it. In this 
afiair I lost 7 public horses, which probably fell into the hands of 
the enemy — one of them so badly wounded as to render him value- 
less. I lost also my private horse. Richardson, musician, and Ra- 
borg, interpreter, were slightly injured fey the falling of their horses. 

On the same day, about 9, a. m., after leaving you for the pur- 
pose of v/atering my horses, I resolved to drive otf the parly wbcs 
had made their, appearance on the hills on our right early in the 
morning. I dismounted one half of my men and threw them out 
on the right and I^ft. Several of their stragglers were killed and 
the balance made a rapid retr'eat before we approached near enough 
to engage them. I then returned to the village of Las Vegas^ 
having aiso taken two prisoners, v/hom I released, both being elderly 
men. About 11 o'clock, a. m., while advancing, upon La Hoya-. 
with your permission to feel the enemy and ascertain their position.. 
&c., I heard the firing of artillery at the pass. I dismounted some 
of my men and threw them out on each side of the road to avoir! 
an ambuscade. When about two miles from the pass, we saw about 
fifty of the enemy on our left, I sent forward a few men on foot 
for the purpose of bringing on an engagement. It soon becansc- 
apparent that the enemy either had a very considerable force, or 
that they had feared the consequence of allowing us the opportu- 
nity of attacking them in rear, and they had almost entirelT 
withdrawn from the pass. 

In a very few minutes after the first shot was fired, my skirmish- 
ers were pressed by such over\f helming numbers as to force them im 
retire within distance of support; and, to give them a more defe.-n- 
sible position, I then ordered my horses all to fee tied under coTer 
of an old frame house. I then ordered my men under cover of & 
stone fence and extended them sufficiently to the left to prevent the 
enemy from flanking. Being emboldened by their success in driving; 
Isack my skirmishers, they rushed towards us in considerable num- 
bers, confident of victory, with shouts of triumph, which were re- 
turned by shouts of defi'ance from my men. The moment was criti- 
cal, many of my men had never been under fire of an enemy befojpey,. 
and nothing but my confidence in their heroic valor and coolnes» 
would have induced me to have remained in my position. At Xh\m 
moment I ordered the men to take their sabres from the fronts of 



[1] 



24 



their saddles, which were secured in that way for the purpose of 
secret movements by night, and prepare to use them when it came 
to close quarteis. The coolness and gallantry of my men and the 
deadly crack of their rifles soon convinced them that it was better 
to retire. 

There could not have been less than three hundred Mexicans in 
the engagement, besides about three hundred more who were close 
by to support them, and might very properly be included in the 
number of the attacking party, I suppose their loss, as near as I 
could judge in this affair, was at least forty killed and wounded. 
My whole number of men was fifty-one, which included several 
that were injured in the fall of their horses in the charge the night 
previous, and a corporal and two privates, 2d dragoons. Theaction 
was warmly contested, and lasted about thirty minutes. I had one 
horse killed, and one man, private Huguenen, who voluntered his 
services, belonging to (F) company of the rifles, having been left 
sick in the hospital, slightly wounded. 

My officers and men behaved with great gallantry and such daring 
bravery, that it was with reluctance that some of them seemed to 
obey my orders to take cover behind the rocks from the shower of 
bullets which for some time filled the air above their heads. 

Where all behaved so nobly, it is difficult to make distinction. 
Among the many, however, who have gained my esteem for their 
good conduct, I cannot omit to mention the names, of Sergeant 
Thomas Sloan, of England; Sergeant Edward Harris, of Virginia; 
both of whom were wounded in former engagements — also Sergeant 
Henry Haugh,' of Baltimore, Maryland. Corporal Gosling, of 
Maryland, who w^as also wounded at Cerro Gordo, is entitled to 
the distinction of being called the bravest of the brave; also. Cor- 
porals Joseph E. Mericken, of Maryland, and Samt^l Hescock, of 
Maine; also. Privates Thomas H. Tilghman, of Maryland; James 
M. De Baufre, of Maryland; Isaac P. Darlington, of Maryland; 
William Glanding, of Maryland; Thaddeus S. Bell, of Virginia; 
Francis G. Waltermyer, of Maryland; and, also, Richard M. Brad- 
ford, of Baltimore, Maryland, who was always among the fore- 
most, and the last to retire from pursuit of the enemy. All of 
these 1 recommend to the favorable consideration of the com- 
inander-in-chief of the American forces, and the War Department, 
and request that they may be rewarded for their gallantry. Many 
of them are gentlemen of education, and worthy of commissions in 
the service of the United States, and I cannot too strongly recom- 
i»end them for promotion to higher stations. And I must, also, take 
occasion to regret that sickness should have prevented so many of 
my most gallant spirits from participating with me in this affair. 
I must not omit to mention that Lieutenant Charles L. Denman, 
"who was by my side, and behaved gallantly in the charge, was in 
the engagement and behaved well, and continued in pursuit to the 
last point, deserves much credit for his perseverance, energy, and 
bravery. Although on the sick report and suffering severely for 
some weeks past, he would not remain behind. 

Lieutenant Thomas Claiborne took a riflf and used it with consi- 



25 [1] 

•derable effect on the enemy. Surgeon Lamar, also, deserves my 
thanks for volunteering his professional services, and remaining 
•with us in the pursuit. I must also mention Lieutenant Goff, 1st 
Pennsylvania regiment, who was with us, and took the news of our 
engagement to you. 

S. H. WALKER, 
Captain company C, regiment mounted rijies^ U. S. A. 
To Colonel Wynkoop, 

Military Governor^ Perofe, Mexico. 



Head-quarters, Pierce's Brigade, 

Perotej August 1, 1847. 

General: I had the honor to receive this morning, by Captain 
Ruff, a letter from General P. F. Smith, informing me that you have 
experienced great anxiety on account of my command. I wrote you 
a note from Vera Cruz and another from La Hoya. I presume that 
the first was intercepted; the last, I trust, you received yesterday. 
From the moment I arrived at Vera Cruz to the hour of my depart- 
ure I was incessantly occupied in achieving a tolerable degree of 
preparation for the march. I will not give you particularly the 
causes of my delay, as they wall be furnished in detail by my aid- 
de-camp, Lieut, Thom, topographical engineers, by whom this will 
be handed to you. When it is remembered that my command con- 
sists, to a great extent, of northern men, you will perceive that I 
have bee i particularly fortunate, so far as disease is concerned. On 
the march, although the bridge at San Juan was partially destroyed, 
and the main arch at Plan del Rio blown up, and although we had 
been five times attacked, I have really encountered nothing that can 
be construed into serious resistance. I lost but one man by vomito 
at Vera Cruz, and none by that disease on the march. Three of 
my wounded men have died, but my command is, on the whole, in 
fine condition, so far as health is concerned. Although they are 
recruits, they are able and willing men. I shall bring to your com- 
mand about twenty-four hundred of all arms. ; To-morrow morning, 
at four o'clock, I shall leave here for Puebla, and shall make the 
inarch in five days. 

I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration, your 
obedient servant, 

FRANK PIERCE, 
Brig. Gen. U. S. Army. 

Major Gen. Winfield Scott, 

Commanding U. S. forces in Mexico. 



Camp Ojo de Agua, August .2, 1847. 

Captain: I wrote yesterday evening by a Mexican, reporting my 
•progress and position. As the messenger may not have arrived safe, 



[1] 



26 



I repeat that, having reason to suppose that General Pierce was 
not on the Orizaba road, and having at El Pinal learned of the guer- 
rilla establishment at San Juan de los Llanos, I determined, while 
waiting for news of General Pierce, to break it up, I sent Captain 
Ruff with his squadron to execute the design, which he did in the 
most handsome and gallant style, killing forty and wounding fifty. 
There were, I learn to-day, 200 guerrilleros and 100 infantry in this 
town. I then sent him to Perote, to bring on authentic information 
of General Pierce, and the mail for the army, sending Col. Burnett 
to Vireges, and Col. Childs and the rifles to El Pinal, to cover the 
road. Receiving notice last night of the train to San Juan Bap- 
tista, I have placed Col. Childs there, with directions to visit Hua- 
mantla to-morrow morning at daylight, and take any of the refugees 
from Los Llanos that may be found there. I will march to El Pinal 
to-morrow at daylight, Co!. Burnett having returned from Vireges. 
Gen Pierce encaraps to-day at Tequaqualco. I took the liberty of 
asking him to send forward with Capt. Ruff an officer furnished 
with accurate information of his force and his convoy. He has ac- 
cordingly sent his aid, Lieut. Thorn, who will enable the general to 
make his calculations on authentic data. I will convoy the train 
sent out, if it be ready to-morrow; if not, I will precede it. If I 
go vv^ith the train, I will take two days from El Pinal; if not, I will 
go in one. 

Your obedient servant. 

PERSIFOR F." SMITH, 

Brevet Brig. Gen. 
Capt H. L. Scott, Jl. A. A. Gen. 

[Eiulorsement.] 

This report from the gallant and judicious Brig. Gen. Smith is 
interesting, and records a brilliant affair between Capt. Ruff and a 
greatly superior body of the enemy. 

It is respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War. 

WINFIELD SCOTT. 



CiiALco, Mexico, August M, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report, for the information of the gene- 
ral commanding the division, that pursuant to instructions, I marched 
from this place yesterday at half-past 1, p. m., with four compa- 
nies of the 6th infantry, to support Lieutenant Hamilton, A. D. C, 
who was .'Urected,' escorted by a party of 45 dragoons, to make an 
examination of a foundry, said to be not far from a small town 
called Mil Flores, five or six miles distant. Two or three miles 
out, I discovered guerrillas on our right, and, on reaching the town. 
Lieutenant Hamilton, who had preceded me, reported that he had 
driven off a small party, and that the foundry was some five miles 
beyond a little town, which was two miles from us, at the foot of 
the mountains. It was understood between us that he should ri(fe 



S7 [1] 

on rapidly and make his examination, and I would adrance to the. 
town and await his return. On entering the town I took possession 
of the church, from which I had a commanding view of the coun- 
try. In half an hour I discovered a large body of horsemen passing 
from my right to my rear, and following upon the route Lieutenant 
H., I presumed, had taken. 

In less than an hour afterwards, I heard a few shots in the moun- 
tains to ray left and rear, and in a few moments something like a 
volley. Very soon afterwards, Lieutenant Hamilton rode up and 
reported to me that he had been attacked by a large body of guer- 
rillas, that he was wounded himself, and that his party was sur- 
rounded at a hacienda not far off. Whilst I was in the act of 
movinj forward, I directed some men to assist him, as he could 
with difficulty sustain himself on his horse, but he gallantly said, 
"Don't mind me, sir, but go to the assistance of my party." Just 
in the edge of the town I met the dragoons, and from the officer 
commanding. Lieutenant Adde, 3d dragoons, and Lieutenant Gra- 
ham, 1st dragoons, learned that they had dispersed the enemy, and 
that some of their men were missing. I directed them to accom- 
pany me back to the scene of the skirmish, where I could see 
nothing of the enemy, nor could I find the one man who had been 
unhorsed and wounded. 

From reports which have been made to me, though I l;ave not. 
been able to investigate them, it appears that the affair was badly 
conducted at first, and there was much confusion among the men. 
Subsequently there was better order, and the result was favorable. 
The conduct of Lieutenant Hamilton is spoken of in the highest 
terras. On joining me. Lieutenant Graham charged Lieutenant 
Adde with cowardice, and asked for his arrest. 

Lieutenant Kanrilton became so much exhausted from the effects 
of his wound that I was compelled to leave him at the factory, Mil 
Flores, where the gentleman in charge promised me he should have 
the aid of a good physician and the kindest treatment. 

At 12 o'clock at night I returned to this place. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. HOFFMAN, 
Captain 6tk Infantry^ Commanding. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Assistant Adjutant General^ 2d divisio7i. 



[Endorsement.] 

Respectfully submitted for information of the geBpral-in-chief. 

W. J. WORTH, 
Brevet Major General. 
Head-quarters, 1st Division, 

C/ialco, August 14, 1847, 



[1] 



28 

[Endorsed.] 



Opportunity has not heretofore permitted me to' forward this 
report. It is interesting and honorable to Brigadier General 
Twiggs's gallant division. 

October 1847. - WINFIELD SCOTT. 



vti^ ^ Chalco, August 15, 1847. 

10 o^clock, A. M. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that I found a division of the 
enemy's force at the hacienda Oka Laka, half a mile from the road 
that turns off to this place. They formed, as I thought, to receive 
us. My line of battle was promptly formed in their front, and it 
was done as steadily and handsomely as on a parade day. On our 
advancing they gradually retired, and allowed us but a few shots 
•^ from Taylor's battery. One officer and five or six soldiers were 
found killed at one point. We did not search for any more. Having 
driven them some two miles from the road, I resumed the march, 
and will encamp to-night tv/o miles in advance of this place. The 
force of the enemy is variously stated from 1.500 to 5,000 horse, 
and about nine (9) battallions of foot. No artillery was discovered. 

The troop of cavalry, which I expected to have found here, did 
not wait for me. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

D. E. TWIGGS, 
Brigadier General ^ U. S. A. 

Captain H. L. Scott, A. A. A. G. 



Head-quarters, De San Jose, Puebla, Mexico, 

October 13, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to report the operations of the troops 
under my command during the siege begun on the 13th of Septem- 
ber and ended on the 12th instant. A minute detail of all that 
was done I have not the courage to undertake. I will, therefore, 
in this report be both brief and general. On the 13th the enemy, 
numbering about four thousand, surrounded this post. Towards 
midnight they commenced firing from the main street leading to 
the Plaza, the Tivoli, and the tops of houses on every side. I 
remained with my coinmand on the roof of San Jose during the night, 
and the firing was brisk on both sides. Their assaults were re- 
peated much in the same way up to the 22d, except that on the 18th 
they made a more decided attack, approaching nearer the Quartel 
than they had done before. A howitzer, placed by your order at 
the end of the main street, and a few volleys from the roofs of the 
Quartel and the houses adjacent, dispersed them in utter confusion. 
From the 22d to the 25th we were allowed reasonable rest. On the 



89 [ 1 ] 

25tli I received your notice that General Santa Anna, having ar- 
rived with a large additional force, had sent in a formal demand 
for the evacuation of the points occupied by the American troops. 
The de*mand, and your prompt answer, I communicated at once to 
the officers and men under my command^ their shouts of exulta- 
tion and defiance reached the ears and hearts of our enemies. 
Contrary to all expectations, there was no attack that night nor the 
next day. On the 27th, their assaults were vigorously resumed and 
kept up until the 1st of October, although in every instance they 
were repulsed with considerable loss. Durir xv.e night of the 29th, 
they got two 6-pounders into position above the Tivoli, and with 
them they opened on the morning of the 30th. Throughout the day 
the firing was heavy on both sides. On the 1st, General Santa Anna 
left the city with four thousand men, and the siege was conducted 
by sundry other generals with continuous and severe firing. A 
large additional force arrived on the 8th, and in the afternoon a 
close demonstration was made; as usual, they were driven back. 
On the 10th, hostilities were suspended and our annoyance was con- 
fined to scattered shots until the night of the 11th. On the morn- 
ing of the 12th, the enemy began to retire from their positions, and 
by your orders I moved down the main street towards the plaza, 
with two companies, for the purpose of silencing a fire main- 
tained at the fourth corner from our breastworks. At our approach 
a body of lancers fled from the corner. I ordered Captain Herron 
to move round the square with his company, and if possible cut off 
their retreat, while I attacked, in front. They did not wait for the 
attack, and I halted at the point you directed me to occupy. Cap- 
tain Herron did not join me as I expected, and in a short time sharp 
firing was heard a few streets above. I immediately hastened with 
the other company (Captain Hill's, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers) 
to the spot, and found Captain Herron enveloped by the enemy, 
and not less than five hundred lancers had charged from different 
streets and completely surrounded the company, whom we found 
fighting with the utmost desperation. Our arrival was fortunate, 
and I think saved the gallant company from being entirely cut to 
pieces. The enemy suffered severely, and in a short time were scat- 
tered. I regret to say our loss was great, both in numbers and 
value. Thirteen men of company K fell in the unequal contest, be- 
sides four severely wounded, whom we were able to save. I may be 
allowed to say that braver or better men never died a soldier's death. 
I respectfully transmit to you Captain Small's report of his ope- 
rations on the nights of the 2d and 3d instant. It is manifest that 
he conducted everything in the most skilful manner. The enemy's 
breast-works on our west side were entirely demolished, which 
stopped their firing from that quarter. For his admirable services 
on this occasion, and many others, I desire to express my warmest 
acknowledgments. I also enclose Captain Herron's report of his 
labors in removing the large wall and brick shed at the Tivoli, 
from which, for many days, the enemy had been pouring a constant 
and annoying fire. 



[11 



30 



That gallant officer speaks with characteristic modesty of the im- 
portant and dangerous services himself and his company so well 
performed. On the 28th of September, Adjutant V/aelden, with 15 
men, in supporting our sentinels under a heavy fire from the fereast- 
w^ork, received and resisted the fire of more than SCO of the enemy. 
Our loss was one man (private William Einich, Pennsylvania vol- 
unteers) killed. The enemy in this affair suffered severely in both 
killed and wounded. I would do violence to my own feelings and 
to justice if I refrained from making particular mention of the gal- 
lant and fine behavior of our sentinels in every attack, and through- 
out the entire siege. To all the non-commissioned officers and sol- 
diers I regret that I have not words to show forth the excellence of 
their good conduct. When patient and cheerful submission to bro-- 
ken rest, and every several sorrow of a long siege, shall meet their 
due reware, these cannot nor will not be unremembered. And 
when, in bright letters, the manly encounter of all dangers is pub- 
lished, the names of the living and the memory of the dead will 
not be covered. 

To the brave and accomplished officers of the Quartel my thanks 
are due for most faithful and uniform support. 

The difficulty with me is not who to name, but who to leave un- 
named. I must, however, say that Captain J. H. Miller, of com- 
pany A, 4tli artillery. Captain Ford, 3d dragoons, Captain Denny, 
1st Pennsylvania volunteers, and his lieutenants, Captain Small and 
his lieutenants, Captain Dana and his lieutenants, Captain Herron 
and his lieutenant, and Lieutenant Blakey, of the voltigeurs, com- 
manding a small detachment of his regiment, I feel indebted for 
most faithful and valuable services. Everything their country could 
expect or hope for, these gallant officers performed; and most wor- 
thily did they command the brave men to v^hom I have already re- 
ferred. Lieutenant Laidley, of the ordnance, who had charge of 
the howitzers, managed his pieces with the utmost coolness and 
skill. In the hour of danger I had never to ask a second time if 
Mr. Laidley was at his post. Lieutenant Ehreinger, to whom was 
confided the management of two pieces, employed them with good 
effect against the enemy. 

To Dr. Bunting, surgeon of the Pennsylvania battalion, I feel 
deeply indebted for his kindness and attention to the sick and 
wounded; wherever his services were needed they were promptly 
given, in the midst of every danger. 

To Captain Hill, his officers and men, who were engaged during 
Dart of the siege near the Quartel, many thanks are due for most ef- 
ficient and gallant services. 

Lieutenant Woods, of cornpany A, and Lieutenant Carroll, of 
company D, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, are entitled to especial 
notice for gallantry in maintaining, with a small force, an important 
out-post at the Tivoli. 

Captain Denny, of company A, and Captain Dana, of company I, 
were sent out, on the morning of the 12th, on important and dan- 
gerous expeditions; each was in command of his own company and 
was entirely successful. Mr. Waelden, my adjutant, with the 



31 [I] 

arduous duties of his office doubled, rendered constant and essential 
service. I beg to give him my admiration and gratitude. 

The behavior of the troops has been so manly, I think it is not 
■wrong fo say the good name of our country has not suffered- in the 
long and difficult defence of San Jose. 
Very respectfully, &c., 

SAM. W. BLACK, 
Lt. Col. 1st Penn. Vols., corned San Jose. 
To CoL. CniLDS, 

Gov. coiii'd^g the depH at Puehla. 



List of killed and loounded in the defence of San Jose during the 

siege. 

Mounted Rifles. — Killed — Privates Cornvi^ell and Smith, com- 
pany H. Wounded — Privates Elair, company D, and Campbell, 
company B. 

Third Dragoons. — Wounded — Private Eli Stewart, company D. 

Voltigeur Regiment. — Killed — Private John H, Burgess. Wound- 
ed — Privates John Wilson and David Ricketts. 

Fourth Artillery. — Wotfnded — Private Newton, company E. 

First Pennsylvania Volu7iteers. — Company Jl. — ^You^ded — Geo. 
Rusheberger, John H. Hoover, James McCutcheon, David Lind- 
say, Henry Lynch, Mansfield Mason, James Bowdon, severely ; Jno. 
Dolan, slightly. Com,pa7iy C. — Killed — Private William Ernick. 
Wounded — Charles Collison and John B. Herron, both severely. 
Missing — Morris Stanlear. Company D. — Wounded — Corporal Syl- 
vester Bosley ; privates John McClelland and James Lambert, se- 
verely. Company I. — Killed — John Preece. Wounded — David W. 
Yarlott, James Ellis, and sergeant Dominick Deranny, all slightly ; 
private Luke Floyd, severely. "" Company K. — Killed — corporal E. 
H. Jones, privates John C. Gilchrist, John H. Herrod, F. B. Johns, 
H. Krutzelm.ann, James Phillips, William A. Phillips, Samuel D. 
Sewell, William Schmidt, D. S. Vernoy,F. Vandyke, Joseph Wilson 
and Samuel Troyer. Wounded, slightly — Capt. Jolm Herron, pri- 
vates Thomas B. Fernham, A. E. Marshall, W. C. Winebiddler, R. 
Reed. Wounded, severely -Privates Thomas B. Thomberg, Sam'l. 
Sloop and Charles W. Blakeman. Missing — John Longstaflf. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Killed . . . .^. 18 

Wounded 33 

Missing 2 

Total 53 



SAM. W. BLACK 



Meut. Colonel commanding San Jose. 



[1] 32 

List of killed and wounded during the siege of Puebla, begun on 
the ISth September and ended on the 12th October, 1847. 

Field and Staff". — Wounded — Thomas Wongierski, secretary of 
Col. Childs. 

Second Dragoons. — Killed — Private Cornwell. 

Third Dragoons. — Wounded — Private Eli Stewart, sliglitlyj com- 

ny D. 

Mounted Rifles. — Killed — Private Smith, company H. Wound- 
ed — Privates Blair, company D, and Campbell, company B. 

Second Artillery. — Wounded — Privates Rowland, company By 
Curry, c.omp.?iny B, and Rumner, company H. 

Fourth Artillery. — Wounded— Private Newton, company F, at- 
tached to company A. 

Second Infantry. — Wounded — Corporal William Patterson, com- 
pany E, severely. 

Voltigeur Regiment. — Killed — Private John H. Burgess. Wound- 
ed — Privates John Wilson, company A, and David Ricketts, both 
slightly. ' ^^j 

Marines. — Wounded — Sergeant J. T. Packet and private John ^iW 
Harder, both slightly. j 

First Pennsylvania Volunteers. — Company A. — Wounded, severe- 
ly — Privates George Ruscheberger, Jajnes McCutcheon, David 
Lindsay, Henry Lynch, Mansfield Mason, James Bowdon. Wound- 
ed, slightly — Privates John H. Hoover and John Dowlan. Com- 
pany C. — Killed — Private William Enrick. Wounded — Privates 
Charles Collison and John B. Herron, both severely. Missing — - 
Private Morris Stanlear. Company D. — Wounded — Corporal Syl- 
vester Beasly, slightly ; privates John McClelland and James Lam- 
bert, both, severely. Company G.- — Wounded — Privates James 
Wilkner, severely ; Samuel Houpt, slightly ; William Schultz, 
slightly ; musician Daniel Ryan, severely. Company I. — Killed — , 
Private Jno. Preece. Wounded — Sergeant Dorainick Deranny ; pri- 
vates James Ellis and David W. Yarlott, all slightly ; private Luke 
Floyd, severely. Company K. — Killed — Corporal E. H. Jones ; pri- 
vates John C. Gilchrist, John H. Herrod, F. B. Johns, H. Krutzel- 
mann, James Phillips, William A. Phillips, Samuel D. Sewell, W. 
Schmidt, D. S. Vernoy, F. Vandyke, Joseph Wilson and Samuel 
Troyer. Wounded — Capt. John Herron, privates Thomas B. Fern- 
ham, A. E. Marshall, W. C. Winebiddler, and R. Reed, all slight- 
ly ; Thomas B. Thomberg, Samuel Sloop and Charles W. Blake- 
man, all severely. Missing — Private John LongstafF. 

Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. — Wounded — Sergeant 
W. W. Deihl, company A, severely ; private John Bierj^ company 
B, slightly. 

South Carolina Volunteers. — Killed — Private Hardy, company G. 

Spy Company. — Wounded — Officer John Messe 3 privates Corderoy 
two brothers Domingos and Jose Serezo. 

Quartermaster^ s Department. — Wounded — A. B. Duncan, slight- 
ly ; William Waddell, slightly ; William Johnson, severely ; Daniel 
Simms, servant of Coi. Childs, wounded slightly. 



33 [ I ] 



RECAPITULATION. 

Killed 19 

Wounded 51 

Missing 2 

Total 72 

Respectfully submitted, * 

THO. CHILDS, 
Colonel U. S. A.^ Civil and Military Governor. 
J. Waelden, a. a. a. G. 



Fort Loretto, Puebla, 

October 15, 1847. 

Sir : In obedience to your instructions of the 12th instant, com- 
municated by the acting assistant adjutant general, I have the honor 
to report that Fort Loretto, under my command, was, during the 
late siege, garrisoned by about 350 men, the greater part of whom 
were convalescent, and belonging to different regiments now in the 
city of Mexico. 

About the 13th of September, the enemy commenced firing upon 
our principal depot of San Jose, in which were stored the supplies 
for the subsistence and service of the troops. 

The battery of two 12-pounder field-guns, and our 10-inch mor- 
tar, commanded by Captain Kendrick, 2d regiment artillery, was 
skilfully managed, with reasonable success, during the seige. We 
opened our fire upon the city where the enemy had assaulted at dif- 
ferent points and fired from, or wherever there was a chance of 
annoying him. The fire was continued, at intervals, from about the 
15th until the 20th ultimo, the day on which Santa Anna demanded 
a surrender of the American garrison ; and on the 25th, 26th, 27th, 
28th, 29th, and 30th, it was brisk and continuous. Also, at periods 
between the 30th and the 8th instant, thefiring was warm on all sides* 
and I am of opinion that the enemy must have suffered considerably. 

The infantry were only engaged with the enemy when sent out 
to act as. pickets towards San Jose, our principal station in the city. 
The detail of infantry pickets commenced on the 27th September, 
and one 12-pounder gun, with its complement of gunners, was or- 
dered to San Jose on the 28th. The gunners and details were thus 
eontinued for that point unt^ the 12th instant. 

The following officers were stationed in this fort : 

Captain H. L. Kendrick, 2d artillery. 

Captain J. Hill, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers. 

First Lieutenant R. P. Maclay, 8th infantry. 

Second Lieutenant H. R. Selden, 5th infantry. 

Second Lieutenant J. J. Booker, 8th infantry. 

Second Lieutenant J. Swift Totten, 2d artillery. 

Second Lieutenant G. Moore, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers. 

Second Lieutenant E. Carroll, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers. 
3 



[1] 



34 



The officers and men under my command were attentive to e\efj 
duty, and anxious to engage the enemy. Captain Kendrick was 
active and zealous in the discharge of his duties. 

I take pleasure on the present occasion to speak of the skill and 
good conduct of first Sergeant Orvell, of B company, 2nd artillery, 
in the management of the 12-pounder guns, 

^Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient 
servant, 

TH. P. GWYNN, 
Maj. 6th Inf^y, coin'ding Fort Loretto^ Puebla, Mexico. 

Brevet Colonel T. Childs, 

Civil and Military Governor. 



GuADALouPE Heights, Puebla, Mexico. 

October 16, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to transmit to your excellency a detailed 
report of the proceedings of the garrison at Guadaloupe heights 
during the siege, commencing September 13th and ending October 
12j 1847. As you are aware, a large guerrilla force arrived in this 
city on the 13th ultimo, under General Rea. All at this place was 
in readiness, and the garrison kept under arms all night. During 
the day we witnessed a dropping fire from the enemy from the house 
tops, and other available places, on San Jose ; but no attack was 
made on this place until the 23d ultimo, when part of the enemy's 
forces was sent against this post, but were repulsed with severe 
loss by the men under my command, and retired in great haste and 
disorder. None of our men were injured, and no further attempt 
was made on us that day, although parties coming within the range 
of the howitzers were fired on, and some execution done on the en- 
emy, which deterred them from venturing in the vicinity of the post 
for some time. On the afternoon of the 24th a party, numbering 
about 500, and under command of a general officer, approached to 
within 150 yards of the breastwork and discharged their pieces, 
but a brisk fire dispersed them with the loss of ten men and two 
horses killed and apparently a much greater number wounded. On 
the 25th, I had the honor to receive from your excellency a copy of 
a communication from Santa Anna, with your reply, which, being 
read to the troops being garrisoned at this place, was received with 
shouts of exultation, and the confidence of officers and men, in the 
skill and courage of the commander-in-chief of the forc.^i at I ue-. 
bla was redoubled, and a universal pledge given to per-.sh sooner 
than surrender. On the 29th, a party was sent out under Lieutenant 
Lewis to attack a body of men who were keeping up a hot fire 
on San Jose. After a hot fire of three hours, killing eight and 
wounding a greater number, a heavy rain commenced and rendered 
the guns useless, and, the enemy having ceased firing, orders were 
sent to recall the party, which returned to quarters with one man 
severely and two slightly wounded. The same afternoon a party 




35 [1] 

under Lieutenant Bryan made an attack on the enemy, and killed 
and wounded m ny. No further attempt was made on us by the 
enemy. On the 6th of October, a party under Lieutenant Edwards, 
accompanied by Lieutenant Lewis, made an attack on a body of 
infantry near the Tivoli, of whom they killed five and wounded 
many more. After an hour's severe fighting they were able to make 
a breach in the wall of a church commanding the Tivoli; but, unable 
to spare a necessary force from Gaudaloupe to garrison it, the place 
was abandoned after driving the enemy from the vicinity. They 
retired with one private severely, and Lieutenant Edwards and 
Lewis slightly, wounded. On the 8th instant, Captain Johnson 
was sent with a force to drive a party of the enemy from their po- 
sition, in which he supceeded with no loss to himself, but consider- 
able to the enemy. The subsequent operations of the garrison were 
confined to annoying the enemy when within musket range; and 
of the fifty men detailed on the 13th and engaged in the streets of 
Puebla, none were wounded or missing; and, as they fought under 
your own eye, it would be superfluous for me to mention their con- 
duct on that occasion. It is difficult, when all have behaved so 
gallantly, to designate individuals who have distinguished them- 
selves above the rest; but let me call to your attention the gallant 
conduct of corporal Salkeld, of company F, 2d artillery, corporal 
Meron, 4th artillery, artificer Jenkins, privates Barnes, company I, 
2d artillery, Williams, company C, 2d infantry, James Wilkner, 
company G, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, Daniel Ryan, a fifer, a boy 
of 15 years, company G, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers. To Lieutenants 
Morgan and Merrifield, previous to their being attached, I owe 
thanks for their gallant conduct. To Captain Johnson, Lieutenants 
Edwards,] ryan, and Lewis, I must also return thanks for their effi- 
ciency and gallantry in executing all orders. And let me particu- 
larly recommend for favorable notice Lieutenant Mont. P. Young, 
of company G, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, now deceased, who, up 
to the time of his fatal illness, rendered the most gallant and effec- 
tual services. He died of fever contracted by constant exposure 
on duty. The hour of death alone was able to draw him from his 
post. For the memory of this accomplished officer and gentleman 
I beg to bespeak your affection and respect. 

I am with sentiments of deep respect, your excellency's obedient 
servant, 

T. G. MOREHEAD, 
Capt. 1st Penn. volunteers^ commanding Guadaloupe. 

His Excellency Thos. Childs, Colonel U. S. Army, 

Civil and Military Governor , Puebla, Mexico. 



August 24, 1847. 

Sir: As I was not wounded until the last of the action of the 
20th, I have the honor to report the movements of my squadron, 
(F troop of the 1st, and K of the 3d regiments, dragoons.) Twen- 
ty-five men under Lieutenant Ewell, myself attending, accompanied 



[11 36 

the genera!-in-chief to the redoubt at Contreras, captured a short 
time previously. At Cayoacan, coming up to the head of our pur- 
suing column, I was sent with my dragoons and some twenty rifle- 
men under Lieutenant Gihbs, mounted on horses taken frcm the 
enemy, to cover Captain Lee, of the engineers, on a reconnoissance 
towards San Antonio. This place was found in possession of Gen- 
eral Worth, and his columns rapidly following up the victory. 

Returning without delay to the general-in- chief, I was joined by 
the rest of the squadron, which had been rapidly and efficiently 
brought up by Captain McReynolds of the 3d dragoons, and re- 
ceived orders to report to General Pillow, and to join in the attack 
going on on the right ; the ground immediately in front was found 
to be impracticable for cavalry action. During the carrying of the 
villap-e and redoubt of Churubusco, I moved to the right, hoping 
to make a diversion and get on the road to the rear, but, finding 
this impossible, returned to my former position. 

After the enemy's works were carried, I was ordered to charge 
down the road towards the city,- after the retreating enemy. On 
the route I was joined by Colonel Harney with several companies 
of the 2d dragoons ; he assumed command, and directed me with my 
three troops of dragoons, to place myself and command at the head 
of the cavalry column ; the Mexicans were overtaken soon after we 
en»tered on the causeway, about three-fourths of a mile from the 
city, and suffered a severe slaughter up to its very gates. 

Understanding that a battery was on the end of the causeway 
next the town, I communicated through Lieutenant Steele, A. A. A. 
General, to Colonel Harney my firm intention to charge it, trusting 
to their panic to enter with the fugitives. Myself, Lieutenant 
Steele, and Lieutenant Ewell, together with some dragoons whose 
horses were over excited, were considerably ahead of the main 
body, coming full on the redoubt, when the enemy opened a fire of 
grape upon us, amongst their fugitives, and I gave the command to 
the men around me to dismount and carry it, presuming that the 
movement would be observed and followed by the rest of the 
column. This movement not being understood by our men, and the 
recall which had been soun..ed and imperfectly heard from the rear, 
caused them to halt and retire, but in creditable order. 

On having been sent to combine with the attack on the right, I 
was joined by Captain Duperu, with his company of the 3d dra- 
goons, who accompanied me throughout the rest of the day, and 
behaved very handsomely under such fire as we had passed 
through. 

Company F, of the 1st dragoons, was the leading one on the 
causeway, and which explains its severe loss. 

I have particularly to mention the gallant conduct of Lieutenant 
Steele, who was constantly at the head of the column, and of Lieu- 
tenant Ewell, who had two horses shot under him, immediately at 
the barricade, and whose conduct in our previous affair of the 
squadron on the 18th instant, was most conspicuous; also. Lieu- 
tenant L. Graham, who was wounded, and deserves my thanks for 
his efficiency on this '^ay, as well as the handsome manner of head 



37 [1] 

ing a detachment of the company against superior odds on the 12th 
instant. 

Captain McReynolds, acting as second captain of the squadron, 
was throughout the day every way active, and suffered by a severe 
wound in his arm. 

But it is to the non-commissioned officers and privates, that 
credit is more particularly due for their conduct here and else- 
where. 

Statement of loss on the 20th instant. 

Captain Kearny, loss of arm. 

Captain McReynolds, wounded severely. 

Lieutenant L. Graham, wounded slightly. 

Five privates, company F, 1st dragoons, killed. 

Five horses, company F, 1st dragoons, killed. 

Statement to be received from other companies. 

Captain McReynolds's company, no privates killed. 

Do do 2 do wounded. 

Do do 2 horses killed. 

Captain Duf eru's company, one private killed. 
Do do one do wounded. 

I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant, ^ 

P. KEARNY, Jr. 
Capt. 1st Drag. J Com^g. 1st Squad. 2d Bat., Cav. Brig. 
Lieut. Col. MooRE, 

3_d Reg. Drag., Com^g. 2d Bat. Cav. Brig. 



Head-quarters, 2d Dragoons, kear the city of Mexico, 

August 24, 1847. 

Sir : In compliance with the direction of Colonel Harney, I sub- 
mit a brief report of the services of the 2d regiment of dragoons 
and company I, mounted rifles, during the late operations. 

We marched from Puebla, at the head of the army, on the 7th 
instant. On our arrival at the hacienda " Buena Vista," at the 
foot of the western slope of the mountains, on the 10th instant, 
we first met the enemy. They appeared in considerable force about 
a mile in our front, and preparations were immediately made to 
charge them, on which they disappeared, and we took quarters ia 
the hacienda. Shortly afterwards, they appeared again and drore 
in several of our men who had gone some distance to the front. 
Colonel Harney then ordered me to take a squadron and pursue 
them, which was done at a rapid pace, he supporting me with the 
rest of the regiment. The enemy fled- so fast we could not over- 
take them, and we halted at the end of a mile and a half. 

On the 17th instant, as we approached San Augustin, the enemy 



[1] 



38 



again appeared in force, but they retired before us. Captain Blake 
of the 2d dragoons, who commanded the advanced guard of the 
army, entered the town and took possession of it after a skirmish 
with the enemy. On the 18th, we marched at an early hour with 
the 1st division, Captain Thornton taking the lead with the ad- 
vanced guard. As we approached San Antonio,' their guns were 
partially concealed, and the brave Captain Thornton unfortunately 
advanced too far, when he received a cannon shot from their bat-/i 
tery which struck him in the breast and killed him instantly. On 
the 19th, at the battle of St. Heronimo, my command was held in 
reserve within range of the enemy's shells. On the 20th, itbecame 
necessary to split up the cavalry into so many detachments, that 
both Colonel Harney and myself were left without commands for 
the greater part of the day. On this day. Captains Hardee and 
Ruff were holding important points round San Augustin, and the 
former was attacked by a large band of guerrillas, who were re- 
pulsed and driven off by Captain Hardee and his subaltern, Lieu- 
tenant Anderson. The firing being heard at San Angustin, two 
companies of the 2d and one of the 3d dragoons were promptly 
taken out to his assistance by Lieutenant Colonel Moore of the 3d 
dragoons. But the enemy hadreti/ed before they arrived, and further 
pursuit was deemed unnecessary. In this encounter, between thir- 
ty and forty horses with arm.s and accoutremcmts were captured 
by Captain Hardee. Captain Blake, with his squadron, was en- 
gaged in conducting and securing the prisoners taken at St. Hero- 
nimo. f aptain Ker, of the 2d dragoons, was ordered to report to 
General Pierce, and was engaged with the em my for some time, 
and afterwards in the charge, under the directio i of Colonel Har- 
ney, that drove the flying enemy into the city. During all these 
operations, my command hasbeen actively engaged in reconnoitring, 
on picket guards and patrol duty, and as the corps of horse is very 
small in comparison with the other corps of the army, these duties 
have been very severe. 

It gives me great pleasure to add, that the regular staff officers, 
Lieutenant Oakes, as adjutant, and Lieutenant Tree, as quarter- 
master, have rendered important services, and I am much indebted 
to them for their zeal and energy. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

E. V. SUMNER, 
Major 2d Dragoons^ Com^g. 

Lieutenant Wm. Steele, 

Act. Adj. Gen. J Cav. Brig. 



Head-quarters, 2d Battalion, Cavalry Brigade, 

August 24:, 1847. 

Sir : I submit below a report of the positions and operations of 
the several companies composing the 2d battalion, cavalry brigade, 
during the actions of the 20th instant, so far as the same has been 
ascertained. It will be borne in mind that by brigade order No. 



39 [1] 

12, companies F, 1st dragoons, and K, 3d dragoons, were detached 
from my command as an escort to the commander-in-chief, and or- 
dered to report accordingly — company C, 3d dragoons, was at- 
tached to the volunteer division under Major General Quitman — 
that company D was stationed at Puebla as a permanent part of the 
garrison of that place — that company E, 3d dragoons, was attached 
to the division under Major General Pillow — company G, 3d dra- 
goons, was attached to the division under Brevet Major General 
Worth — and the Tennessee cavalry Was attached to the command 
of Major Sumner — and all ordered to report to their respective 
commanders. These companies have not reported to me since. 
During the last action on ^the 20th instant, companies F, 1st dra- 
goons, and K, 3d dragoons, were with the commander-in-chief, and 
when the route of the enemy became general these companies pur- 
sued the flying enemy to the gates of the city. Companies C, 3d 
dragoons, company E, 3d dragoons, and the Tennessee cavalry, 
were stationed at San Augustine during the actions and did not par- 
ticipate in the battles. Company G, 3d dragoons, was attached to 
the head-quarters of Major General Worth, and also participated in 
pursuing and harrassing the retreating enemy. 

None of the companies attached to my command were present at, 
or participates in, the action which took place on the morning of 
the 20th instant. 

Captain Kearny, 1st dragoons, Captain McReynolds, 3d dragoons, 
and Lieutenant Graham, 1st dragoons, were severely WQunded 
while pursuing the retiring enemy. The number and names of the 
non-commigsioned officers and privates killed, w^ourided, or ftiissing, 
have not as yet been ascertained correctly. The number (if any) 
is very small. 

I remain, yours, very respectfully, 

T. P. MOORE, 
Lieutenant Colonel 3d Dragoons j- 
Commanding 2d Battalion^ Cavalry Brigade. 

To Lieutenant Wm. Steele, 

A. A. A. General^ Cavalry Brigade. 



Tacubaya, August 24, 1847. 

Sir : Pursuant to the instructions of Colonel Harney, command- 
ing the cavalry brigade, I have the honor to report the operations 
of the independent company under my command during the recent 
contest with the enemy before the city of Mexico. 

The motives which actuated the gentlemen composing my com- 
mand will be best understood by reference to the preamble of their 
muster roll, which is as follows: 

"We, the undersigned, citizens of the army, feeling the impor- 
tance of the present crisis, and anxious to contribute our mite to 
the honor of American arms, and to share the glories of the second 
' conquest of Mexico,' hereby enrol ourselves as volunteers under 
the command of Captain Justus McKinstry, and agree to be subject 



[1] 



40 



thereto until the issue of the approaching struggle" — which induced 
the general-in-chief to issue the following ; 

[special ordek.] 

Head-quarters of the United States Army, 

Inspector General's Department, 

Chalco, Mexico, August 15, 1847. 

" Captain Justus McKinstry, of the United States army, is hereby 
excused from duty in the quartermaster's department, to which he 
belongs, and, at his own request, is recognized as the commander 
of a body of volunteers, citizens of the United States, to be known 
as the ' McKinstry volunteers,' who, under the influence of a noble 
patriotism, have enrolled themselves for service in the United States 
army, pending the approaching contest of arms before and at the 
capital of the Mexican republic. 

" He will be obeyed and respected accordingly. 

" By command of Major General Winfield Scott. 

"E. A. HITCHCOCK, 
'■''Lieutenant Celonelj ji. Inspector General.''^ 

On the 16th, and on our way to San Augustine, a quantity of 
arms, consisting of lances, sabres, escopets, and muskets, were dis- 
covered beneath the floor of a church near the road, and destroyed. 

On the 17th, I was ordered to report to Colonel Harney, and 
formed part of his command during the action of the 19th at Con- 
treras. 

On the morning of the 20th, I accompanied the army in pursuit 
of the enemy until our arrival before his entrenched position at 
Churubusco, at which place I acted under the immediate orders of 
the general-in-chief. In communicating an order of his to Brig- 
adier General Pierce, and to ascertain the progress of the battle, I 
attempted to turn the enemy's right, and came under a heavy cross- 
fire from his musketry, which slightly wounded three of my com- 
mand. After reporting the result of my observations, a part of my 
command joined the regular cavalry in pursuit of the enemy to the 
gates of the city, where two of my men w^ere severely wounded by 
a discharge of grape from a battery which commanded the road. 

Organized but a few days, for the most part indifferently armed, 
and with little or no knowledge of the duty of a cavalry soldier, 
my men, actuated by the true spirit of Americans, submitted to dis- 
cipline, and comported themselves before the enemy in a manner 
far exceeding my just expectations ; and whilst grateful for, and 
proud of, the support rendered by all, I cannot omit calling 
your attention to the conduct of Gordon H. Murray, of Arkansas ; 
Henry N. Clarke and Albert J. Smith, of New York ; William H. 
Richardson, of Maryland, and James Kellogg, of Georgia, whose 
services at Churubusco, under a heavy fire from the enemy, are de- 
serving of special notice and commendation. 

As those composing my command were not regularly mustered 
into the service of the United States, and are, perhaps, not entitled 



41 [ 1 ] 

to the rewards which a benificent government bestows upon those 
who suffer- in the service of the country, I cannot too strongly com- 
mend to the consideration of the general-in-chief the case of Mr. 

Dresser, who lost his leg in the discharge of his duty. 

Very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant, 

J. McKINSTRY, 
Captain U. S. j3., commanding volunteers. 

To Lieut. Wm. Steele, 

J. A. A. General U. S. A. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, August 24:, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your orders, I have to report the engineer 
operations in the recent engagements of your division in the 
vicinity of Mexico. 

The division reached San Augustin on the evening of the 17th 
instant. On the morning of the 18th, you ordered me to reconnoitre 
the works of San Antonio. With Captain Thornton's dragoons as 
an escort I approached to within one thousand yards of that place, 
the advanced guard of the'troop being with me, and the remainder 
about one hundred yards in the rear, where a gun was discharged, 
killing the gallant Thornton and. forcing us to retire and resume 
our examination with greater caution. 

On resuming the reconnoissance, I thought I discovered from the 
steeple of a church a little to the left of the road, that the most 
promising direction to turn the enemy's line, was to the right of the 
road. Passing then to the right and examining the ground from 
the top of the hacienda of Cuapa, I found that I was mistaken, 
and that the right presented great difficulties and a powerful front. 
Turning again to the left with Colonel C. F. Smith's light battal- 
ion as a covering party*, I endeavored to find a path by which the 
enemy's batteries could be turned and the road to Mexico in rear of 
them could be gained. This direction was followed to about three 
quarters of a mile in rear of the San Antonio works, ascertaining 
the probability, though not the certainty of reaching the road of 
Mexico. When the approach of night and the difficulty of retrac- 
ing our steps in the dark forbade further exploration on that day. 
On the next day, (the 19th,) I accompanied Colonel Smith's light 
battalion over the same ground, partly with a view to gain addition- 
al information, and partly to fix the e^nemy's attention on the pro- 
bability of an attack on San Antonio, and thereby prevent hiia 
from sending any assistance towards St. Angel, in which direction 
the main attack of the day was to be made. GeneraLSmith's at- 
tack was made that evening and resumed next morning with com- 
plete success. On hearing the result, you immediately put your di- 
vision in motion, ordering me to guide Clark's brig9.de and Colonel 
C. F. Smith's battalion along the track that I had reconnoitred to 



[ 1 ] 42 

the rear of San Antonio works, while Garland's brigade should force 
the front. The path to the rear was three miles in length; the first ] 
and the last half miles being through corn-fields and chapparals, and 
the middle portion (two miles long) over a perfect honeycomb of 
lava, full of elevations and depressions, where a skilful light infantry 
could make an excellent defence. The enemy perceiving us in his 
rear, immediately evacuated the works, and our party in its progress 
fell upon the centre of his retreating column, three thousand strong. 
Colonel Martin Scott at the head of the party, with Captains Rug- 
gle's and Merrill's companies, opened a brisk fire. The enemy fled 
in two directions, one half towards the work it had deserted, and 
the remainder towards Mexico. 

The party flying towards San Antonio, now seeing Garland's bri- 
gade in its front and Clark's in its rear, immediately abandoned the 
road and dispersed in all directions. General Gaudaloupe was taken 
prisoner. 

Captain R. Semmes of the navy, your aid-decamp, and Lieute- 
nant Hardcastle, of the topographical engineers, were at the head 
of the column, assisting in guiding and urging on the men. 

It was in pursuing the remaining half of the San Antonio garri- 
son, that your division, now concentrated, fell upon the Churu- 
busco fort which had not been reconnoitred, and on which our in- 
formation was very partial, but which was so gallantly stormed. 

On returning (up the road) from conveying your orders to com- 
manders of brigades, I lost sight of your division, and fell in with 
a small party of General Pillow's c.ommand, which I endeavored to 
guide to Churubusco fort. Through the corn-fields on the left of 
the road, we had many ditches to fill with corn-stalks to render 
them passable, and only succeeded in arriving at the fort just as it 
had been carried. 



J. L. MASON, 



I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. I 

Captain of Engiiieers. 
Major General Worth, 

Commanding \st division ^ Tacubaya. 



B. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, 

August 22, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your instructions, I have the honor to sub- 
mit the following report in relation to the operations of my battery 
in the battle of Mexico, fought on the 20th instant: 

After the village of San Antonio had been turned by the move- 
ment of Colonel Clarke's brigade to the left, this strong entrenched 
position was abandoned by the enemy, and the battery with the other 
brigade of your division moved rapidly on through the village in 
pursuit of the retiring forces. The pursuit was continued as far 
as the- village of Churubusco, where our forces fell upon another 



43 [ 1 ] 

strono-ly entrenched position of the enemy; the battery was pushed' 
forward till it became exposed to the fire of a tete duvont battery, 
which constituted the left of the enemy's entrenchments, and com- 
pletely enfiladed the road on which we were advancing. The 
ground being at best extremely unfavorable for the operations of 
field artillery, and especially as nothing whatever was known of the 
enemy's position, or the character of his defences, except what was 
learned from the developement of his fire, the;^best possible dispo- 
sitions were made to shelter the battery from the destructive effect 
of the enemy's shot till opportunity should offer to bring it into 
play. In the mean time the left of the enemy's line had been 
forced, and the tete du pont battery carried at the point of the 
bayonet. 

A church top in the village adopted facilities for reconnoitring 
the enemy's position, and' from this point it was discovered that 
he had been driven from every point of the field but one, which was 
a church on the outskirts of the village of Churubusco, and was 
the key to their position. This church, called San Pablo, forming 
the right of the enemy's entrenchments, was a strong stone build- 
ing entirely girdled by irregular defences; in front was a strong 
field work, arranged for artillery and infantry defences. 

From the church top in the village, it was discovered, that fhe 
principal face of the field work in front of San Pablo could be 
enfiladed, and its right face taken in reverse, at less than two hun- 
dred and fifty yards distance from a point on the main road, in ad- 
vance of the battery, towards the tete du pont, now in possession of 
our troops. Accordingly a section of the battery^ under direction 
of Lieutenant H. I, Hunt, was moved forward, the prolongation of 
the principal face seized, and a brisk fire of the section opened; after 
a few minutes fire of shot, shells, and cannister, the enemy's artil- 
lery men were driven from their guns, and the infantry from their 
breast-works, the whole taking shelter in the body of the church of 
San Pablo. Lieutenant Hunt was then ordered to direct the fire of 
his section at the vulnerable parts of the church, and a few more 
rounds completely silenced the enemy's fire. 

A white flag now appearing upon the roof of the church, indicated 
that the enemy were prepared to surrender, and the fire of the sec- 
tion was discontinued. Colonel Andrew's voltigeurs who were 
lying in and about the church, from the top of which the reconnois- 
sance was made, together with some infantry troops on their left, 
now closed in upon and entered the work, where more than eleven 
hundred of the enemy surrendered themselves prisoners, one hun- 
dred of whom were officers, many of them of high rank and con- 
sideration. This last strong hold of the enemy being broken, the 
field was lost to him at every point, and his beaten and scattered 
forces might be seen flying in every direction from the scene of 
combat, closely pursued by our gallant troops. 

The battery was supported by two companies of the 8th infantry 
under Captains Schriven and Gates, and the voltigeurs under Colo- 
nel Andrews. 

After San Pablo had been carried, and the road cleared of the 



[1] 



44 



debris of the retreating army by the infantry and voltigeurs, the I 
battery was pushed on some two miles further and halted for the 
night. 

Th*e officers belonging to the battery. Lieutenants H. I. Hunt, W. 
Hays, and H. F. Clarke, discharged the varied duties that devolved 
upon them during the day with a zeal and intelligence that merit the 
warmest, commendation. The non-commissioned officers and men 
sustained the good reputation they had won on former occasions. 
Sergeant Piatt, who was so fortunate as to be most actively en- 
gaged, deserves my especial notice. 

Owing to the fact that the battery was ordered to be kept shel- 
tered, where exposure could produce no result, our loss was trifling, 
being but one man (private Riley) wounded, and one horse dis- 
abled. 

Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, 

JAMES DUNCAN, 
Brevet Lieut. Col. U. S. A. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Ast. Adj. Gen. U. S. A. 



Headquarters, Light Infantry Battalion, 

Tacuhaya^ Mexico^ August 23, 1847. 

Sir: Pursuant to division orders No. 83, I have the honor to re- 
port the operations of the light infantry battalion on the 20th in- 
stant. • 

Having been detached on the morning of that day with the 2d 
brigade to cut off the retreat of the Mexican forces from San An- 
tonio, after a hard march of two hours over the rough ground in 
rear of the position occupied by the division, the battalion came 
up to the road leading from San Antonio to Churubusco, just as 
the head of the 1st brigade was passing out of the former — a part 
of the 2d brigade having a few minutes before this cut the enemy's 
line, and compelled the rear portion of his force to retreat in th.e 
direction of Mexicalcingo. 

The battalion then joined in pursuit of the enemy, and when within 
range of his batteries at Churubusco, followed the 2<}l regiment of 
artillery into a field on the right of the road, with orders to keep 
on the right of that regiment in column of companies, with deploy- 
ing intervals; this was done as well as the nature of the ground — 
corn fields, intersected by ditches — would permit. 

Losing sight of the 2d regiment for some time, and seeing a long 
line of Mexican infantry (several thousands) extending far to my 
right, I got into line of battle, and moved by the left flank to get 
within supporting distance of the 2d; this brought me in time 
nearly in its rear, when I moved forwajd (still by the flank) and 
began to form line by file on the left to get my true position. At 
this time the enemy's musketry reached us. When two companies 
of the battalion were in line, an officer of the general's stafi" rode 



• 45 [1] 

up and gave the command ^^ forward,,'''' on which the men dashed 
across the ditch and through the corn fields towards the enemy, 
without awaiting to receive their orders from me. I, of course, 
followed them, and thus the two remaining companies still in the 
rear, knew not where I was. Their officers, however, led them 
towards the tete du pont. 

From the mode of advance and the nature of the ground, (previ- 
ously mentioned,) the men became so much scattered that after 
passing an open field in the rear of some jacales on the road, I 
found myself with not exceeding 20 men of my command, and 
knew not where the others were. 

Soon after this, by signal, I succeeded in getting together prob- 
ably one- half of the command, and at the same time joined by sev- 
eral officers, and perhaps 100 men from the 5th, 6th, and 8th regi- 
ments of infantry, with which force I moved towards the teie du 
pont, and afterwards in pursuit of the enemy. 

From reports made to me by the company officers, I find that the 
battalion, scattered as it was, was far in the advance, and did gal- 
lant service. After the fatiguing service of the morning, the rapid 
advance of the battalion, under a severe fire of grape and musketry, 
entitles the officers and men to the highest praise. The return of 
casualties already rendered, shows that very nearly one-fifth of the 
number who went into action were put out of condition, and thus 
justifies my language. 

The battalion being composed of companies from different regi- 
ments, it is but an act of justice that they, with their officers, should 
be designated. They are: 

K, 2d artillery, commanded by First Lieutenant Peckj Second 
Lieutenant Simpson being his subaltern. 

I, 2d artillery, commanded by First Lieutenant Elzey. 
H, 5th infantry, commanded by 2d Lieutenant Farrelly; the cap- 
tain, E. K. Smith, was present, but was acting as major to the bat- 
talion. 

B, 8th infantry, commanded by Captain Reeve, Second Lieu- 
tenant Pitcher being his subaltern. Second Lieutenant Holloway, 
another subaltern to the company, was present, but was acting as 
adjutant to the battalion. 

From reports and inquiries, as well as my observation in some 
degree, I can bear full testimony to the good conduct of the officers 
in collecting their men and leading them forward. Captain E. K. 
Smith, acting as major to the battalion, exerted himself through- 
out in the most energetic manner in this respect, and deserves all 
praise. In this, his report shows that he was ably seconded by 
Lieutenants Elzey, Farrelly, and Simpson. Lieutenant Pitcher g:ot 
well in advance, and was engaged in serving one of the enemy's 
guns against him. Lieutenant Holloway was severely wounded, 
and was unable to advance beyond the open field. Captain Reeve 
and Lieutenant Peck, although very weak from many days' indis- 
position, struggled manfully forward when almost in a state of ex- 
haustion. Lieutenant Farrelly, suffering in like manner from in- 
disposition and exhaustion, was shot down at the end of the ditch 



[1] 



46 



I 



whilst leading a portion of his company to the assault of the tete ^ 
du pont. . 

It is also a pleasing duty for me to mention the names of such of ' 
the sergeants, rank and file, who, by gallant bearing and good i 
conduct, attracted the observation of their officers, to wit: I 

Sergeants Updegraff, Archer, and Flynn, of company H, 5th in- 
fantry. Captain Smith speaks in especial terms of Updegraff's " gal- 
lant bearing during the fight;" and adds, " this man, whose deport- i 
ment is always that of a gentleman, behaved most gallantly at Fort 
Brown, and was especially mentioned in the report of the com- 
manding officer of the regiment at Monterey; and I believe, as 
fully deserves promotion as any man of his grade in the array." 

Lieutenant Elzey brings to my " particular notice, the' conduct] 
of First Sergeant Henry Wilson, and Corporal John Scan, (compa- 
ny I, 2d artillery.) Their zeal and energy in the charge carried! 
them some distance in advance of the company, and they arrived ai 
the fort in time to serve the enemy's artillery against him. Inj 
this particular instance, they rendered service that merits the high- 
est praise." , 

Lieutenant Peck speaks thus of Sergeant Meckel and private John 
Peterson, (company K, 2d artillery:) Of the former, "He rendered 
me valuable assistance in rallying the men, and leading them for- 
ward over the broken ground, in front of the enemy's works. He 
behaved gallantly throughout the action, and exposed himself to a 
most destructive fire for the purpose of assisting the wounded, 
while the command was waiting to be organized for a second ad- 
vance." Of the latter, " Having become separated from his com- 
pany, he joined Captain Ruggler, 5th infantry, and assisted him in 
rallying a command, and was foremost in its advance upon the 
wojrks of the enemy." 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

C. F. SMITH, 
Capt. 2d Ast.^ Brevet Lt. Col.j com^d^g bat. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Mst. Adft General, 1st division, ^c, Sfc. 



^ 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 

Tacubaya, Aug^ist 23, 1847. 

Captain: Preliminary to the report required by division order 
dated the 20th instanlf, I have the honor to report the operations of 
the brigade under my command, composed of the 2d and 3d artil- 
lery and 4th infantry. 

On the 17th instant, in obedience to the order of Major General 
Worth, commanding the division, my brigade took post at the ha- 
cienda of San Juan de Los Dios, distant from the strongly fortified 
position of San Antonio, about 1,000 yards — several attempts wer« 
made to dislodge us, by means of heavy guns, but without effect. 

On the morning of the 20th, I received the order of the divisioi 
commander to retire from the hacienda; a new position was then' 
takcD up or. the road passing through San Antouio, and distant frcia 



47 [1] 

it half a mile. We had halted but a short time, when the 4th in- 
fantry, commanded by Major Lee, was ordered to advance, and re- 
ceive orders from the general; the remainder of the brigade moved 
up to the point occupied by General Worth, who, in the course of 
half an hour, directed a company to advance upon San Antonio, " 
and draw the fire of the batteries in order to develope their strength. 
This duty was accomplished by a company of the third artillery, 
under Lieutenant Johnston, in'the most creditable manner, and this 
strong hold, with several pieces of ordnance and some ammunition, 
was occupied without the loss of a man. The brigade was imme- 
diately pressed forward through the village and soon joined a part 
of the 2d brigade. The march was continued along the main road 
towards Mexico, until we encountered the principal force of the 
enemy strongly fortified at a bridge and church, about 200 yards 
distant from each other. Here the brigade entered a corn field by 
direction of the general; in front, iand on the left of the work at 
the bridge, w^hen within fair musket range, I directed the 3d artil- 
lery, under Lieut. Col. Belton, to move up, under cover of the 
corn, obliquely to the road, and storm the work. The 2d artillery, 
under Major Gait, was ordered at the same time to march to the 
right and support the storming party. The two commands moved 
ahead with spirit and cheerfulness under their respective com- 
manders. The 4th infantry at this moment rejoined me, and Major 
Lee was directed to advance and occupy the extreme right af our 
line. These movements were executed under a heavy fire of can- 
non and musketry; our troops, however, continued to advance 
slowly, but steadily, through fields of rank corn and over deep 
ditches. The battle field, from the bridge head to the left of the 
enemy's line, was warmly contested for about two hours, the 
musketry rolling without one moment's intermission, finally the 
extreme left of the enemy commenced to give way. On pressing 
up towards the bridge, I soon had the happiness to witness one of 
our regimental colors floating over the walls of the tete du pont, 
from which we had been so much annoyed. This information was 
promptly conveyed to the general who was close at hand. Return- 
ing to this work, I found parts of several regiments reorganizing. 
Duncan's battery had been keeping up a brisk fire upon the work 
in front of the church of San Pablo for about fifteen minutes, when 
suddenly it ceased, and my attention was called to a white flag 
which the enemy hadhoiste'd near the church. This^Ihave no doubt, . 
was caused by the fire of Duncan's battery, and the taking of the 
tete du pont, which gave us the entire control of their left and rear. 
Knowing well the trickery of the enemy, directions were given to 
watch for them in rear of the church, lest some of them should take 
advantage of the flag to escape. As was expected, a large party were 
soon discovered retiring across a stream — one volley sent them back 
at a brisk run. Hearing others had escaped, and seeing some of 
our troops enter the work, the advance on the main road was re- 
sumed, w^hen presently another party of the enemy was seen with 
a white flag retreating towards a hacienda, where they surrendered to 
some of our troops, whom I have since heard were commanded by 



[1] 



48 



General Shields. Although we advanced some distance further, 
the fighting had ceased and we halted for the night. 

You will not "fail to perceive from the nature of the ground in 
which the action was fought, as well as from the regimental re- , 
ports herewith enclosed, marked A, B, and C, how difficult it is I 
for me to speak of the particular merits or distinguished acts of 
individuals. The regimental commanders led their regiments most 
gallantly into action, and every other officer of the brigade, as far ' 
as I saw, or have heard, deserves to be rewarded for his bravery 
and perseverance, contributing, as they did, so much to the achieve- 
ment of ou" brilliant victory. 

My thanks are due to the acting assistant adjutant general of | 
brigade. Captain Nichols, already distinguished for gallant con- 
duct, and to my acting aid-de-camp. Lieutenant Thorn, slightly 
wounded, for their promptness in conveying my orders, under the 
heaviest fire of musketry I have ever witnessed; and also for their 
energetic and successful efforts in collecting and getting into action 
the men who, from the nature of the ground, were unavoidably 
separated from their companies. My thanks are also due to Capt. 
Mackall, Captain Pemberton, and Lieutenant Armstrong, of the 
division staff, for like efforts. 

The list of killed and wounded will be found attached to the re- 
ports of regimental commanders. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JNO. GARLAND, 
Brevet Col., U. S. Army. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Assistant Adjutant General \st division. 



t| 



Head-quarters, 2d Regiment Artillery, 

Tacuhaya, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

Sir: The second regiment of artillery, under my command, (fire 
companies,) after participating in the earlier marches and opera- 
tions of the first division on the 20th instant, was, on nearing the 
scene of heavy conflict immediately in front of t.'ie enemy's formi- 
dable battery {tete du pont) at Churubusco, ordered through the 
corn field masking it. The right of the regiment shared in the 
turning of the left of the battery, while the left, also rushing for- 
ward, delivering its fire, was in time to witness the precipitate re- 
treat on its other flank. How hot and fatal was the hostile fire 
during this brief space may, I hope, be well estimated by our loss. 
I commenced the operation with 257 aggregate, of whom the de- 
tailed list of killed and wounded, accompanying this report, ac- 
counts sadly enough for one officer (Lieutenant Arnold) severely 
wounded, and 56 rank and file. We then formed in the road on 
our honorably mutilated regimental colors, and were as far as the 
farthest when the division was halted and the battle ended. 

Nothincr could have been finer than the conduct of officers and 
men. A list of the former is subjoined, and I could not specially 



49 [ 1 ] 

refer to one as more distinguished than another. Of the non-com- 
missioned officers, it is proper to designate, as much distinguished 
in the day's work, Sergeant Major Johnson; Sergeant Darding, 
killed, who succeeded Lieutenant Arnold in the command of com- 
pany F; Color-Sergeant Chappie, of company G, wounded; Ser- 
geant A'llen, of company F, severely wounded; and Sergeants Cleve- 
land, Walters, Cunningham, all three severely wounded; and Cor- 
poral McCormick, of company H. 

I trust that our little column will be considered as haying, with 
somewhat of faithful zeal, endeavored to discharge its duties in sus- 
taining the reputation of our arms and country. 

With great respect, your most obedient servant, 

^ P. H. GALT, 

Major J 2d Artillery. 
To Capt. W. A. Nichols, 

J3. A. A. General^ \st Brigade^ 1st Division. 

LIST OF OFFICERS. 

Captain Mackenzie Acting Major 

" Brooks. 

First Lieut. Shackleford Com'g Co. G 

" Daniels " ^ 

" Arnold, (severely wounded)....... *' " F 

'<■ Sedgwick " " H 

*' Anderson, (acting adjutant.) 

" H. Allen. 

" Woodbridge, act. reg. quartermaster and commissary. 

Assistant Surgeon Deyrele. 



San Andres de Landrillera, 
Three miles from Mexico^ August 23, 1847. 
Sir: In obedience to orders from brigade head-quarters, received 
this day, I have the honor to report the operations of the battalion 
of the 3d artillery, under my command, composed of companies B, 

G, I, and K. ^ - w. 

On the morning of the 20th instant, soon alter sunrise, we left 
the hacienda of Los Dios to support the forces operating in the di- 
rection of San Angel, and, passing through San Augustine, moved 
in the direction indicated about two miles, when we returned by 
the same route to the old position, near the pass of San Antonio. 
About noon the leading company of the battalion was detached to 
move along the road in the direction of the pass of San Antonio to 
draw their fire. This service of imminent risk was most steadily 
and gallantly performed by K company, and 1st Lieutenant R. H. 
Johnston, supported by the remaining companies of the battalion. 
By this operation it was made certain that the extensive works were 
abandoned, leaving in our possession several pieces of heavy artil- 
lery and a large araowt of ordnance stores. This compsiny was 
4 



[1] 



50 



then posted in the hacienda of San Antonio, and rejoined the regi- 
ment at this place at 11 o'clock same night. 

The battalion then moved at a brisk pace, heavy firing being 
heard in front, about three miles on the main road, filed into a mea- 
dow, and was about to deploy, when I received an order to charge 
the battery, and points of direction were given me. Hedges of 
maguey and deep ditches threw the battalion (in column) into some 
dismay; but it soon reached a point, near the road, leading directly 
to an embrasure of the battery, when I received an order to occupy 
an abandoned battery; in searching for which we received a rcmnd 
of grape, which brought down the centre man of the leading pla- 
toon. The battalion then entered the corn-fields again upon the 
original points of direction, made a short halt behind some ruins 
ahead to close up the companies, and give the men a breathing 
spell, (having marched near five miles in quick and double-quick 
time.) We then began to receive a close and sharp fire, which, 
•without orders, drew a straggling fire from some recruits, and pre- 
vented, with the unremitted fire from the works and Mexican lines 
in front, my command to "cease firing" being heard. The head of 
the column, with parts of the three companies under their respec- 
tive commanders, had now reached the edge of the planted fields, 
•with a field ditch and the ditch of the work to pass, when it was 
evident we were receiving a cross-fire from the angles and flanks of 
the tete du pont, and from the Mexican lines in the corn-field with- 
in eighty yards. The fire was very hot, and the effect of it was a 
great loss there, and the throwing off the lagging files of the batta- 
lion to the right. At this time, not more than 20 or 30 men were 
■with me, and these falling constantly. Captain Burke was then or- 
dered to bring up all stragglers to this point, and then we would 
attempt the charge, notwithstanding our small force. Not receiv- 
ing much increase to our ranks, w^ith the few who bad pressed on 
"with such vigor and gallantry we moved to the right. Captain Burke 
here rejoined with a few men; the fire of the enemy continued un- 
abated. From observation, I was convinced that the turning point 
had arrived; and, relieved partially from the concentrated fire by 
the appearance of some of our troops on the right, we pressed on 
and entered the work on the left flank with a very small force. A 
field piece at the right angle of the work was taken in charge by 
Lieutenant Shields and fired upon the church and fort of Churubusco, 
where the enemy still held out. A mounted ofificer here entered the 
fort and stated that the garrison of the church was anxious to sur- 
render. General and ex-president Annaya and General Rincon 
were among the number. As he bore no flag, he was made priso- 
ner. A column soon after approached from the church, accompanied 
with a train, but after an unsuccessful attempt to escape, surren- 
dered. General Garay, 9 other officers, and 230 Mexicans composed 
this column; two mounted officers attempted to escape, but were 
shot by my men, and their horses taken; 32 deserters from our 
army were taken at this time. The third artillery being the ser- 
vice regiment of the day, was ordered to take charge of the cap- 
tured guns and ammunition; the arms were arranged and the pri- 



51 [1] 

soners classified by Lieut. Andrews — a duty he well performed. An 
S^pounder was supplied with ammunition and put en route in pur- 
suit, and, as I am informed, in charge of Brevet Captain Ayres. 

I notice with pleasure the gallantry of the officers under my eye, 
near the head of the column. Captain Burke, acting field officer; 
Brevet Captain Ayres, Lieuts. Farry and Shields; also that of the 
efficient sergeants — First sergeant Brown, company C; Sergeant 
Maguire, company I, (both killed;) Sergeant Hubbard, company I, 
and Sergeants Walsh and Heck, of company B, and many excel- 
lent soldiers, distinguished for their steadiness and gallantry, and 
who were severely wounded. The officers not under my immediate 
observation in this dense field, I am convinced, did their duty well. 
Brevet Major Wade was wounded; 1st Lieut, and Adjutant William 
Austine, Lieut, and' Regimental Quartermaster G. P. Andrews, 
were useful and as gallant as possible; together with the youthful 
Jaeut. Lendrum. Acting Sergeant-major Foster is highly spoken 
of by his immediate commander, Lieut. Austine. 

I enclose a list of the killed and wounded. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. S. BELTON, 
Lieut. Colonel' Commanding Sd Artillery. 

Brevet Captain W. A. Nichols, 
A. A. A. Gen., 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Tacuhaya, Mexico. 



Head-quaeters, 4th Infantry, 

Landrillera, Mexico, August 23, 1847. 

Sir ; Agreeably to the orders of Colonel Garland, commanding 
the 1st brigade, I have the honor to report the operations of the 
battalion of the fourth regiment of infantry, under my command, 
in participating in the glorious victories of this day. 

The battalion, consisting of A, B, C, D, F, and I companies — E 
company, under the command of Lieutenants Beaman and Jones, 
being detached to guard the train — was detached from its position 
in line on the Acapulco road in the morning, and advanced towards 
San Antonio, then half a mile distant. 

On arriving at the position of the general of the division, and 
receiving orders from him to advance on the fortifications of the 
last named place in the most rapid manner and ent^r them, I led 
the battalion up to the enemy's batteries. The ground we passed 
over %vas intersected, at every thirty yards, by ditches that we 
could not wade or leap. We filled them with growing corn at 
hand, to pass them, and in doing this our progress was impeded. 
The officers and men came up in the handsomest manner possible, 
and at the moment we reached the works the enemy was discovered 
to be retreating. 

Part of the battalion went through the works, and the remainder 
around their right. 

I reformed the battalion in rear of San Antonio, and immediately 
advanced in the quickest pace on the Acapulco road, in the direc- 



[1] 



52 



tion of the city of Mexico, bringing up the rear of the first division. 
At this time the troops in front became engaged with the enemy's 
second line of fortifications. The 4th infantry came under the tre- 
mendous fire of that line in perfect order, and advanced with regu- 
larity and spirit, and charged in the direction indicated by the 
brigade commander. In the preliminary deployment for this pur- 
pose, I had led the battalion by its right flank, and a portion of the 
left became separated from the rest, amidst the corn-fields and 
ditches by which they were intersected, which entered the works 
by a shorter route, led by Major Buchanan and Adjutant Prince, 
when but a small number of our troops had entered them. 

In a few minutes more I re-formed the battalion, with the ex- 
ception of a small party, also from the left, who had crossed the 
stream, led by Lieutenant Gore, and fired on the retreating force 
inside of the works. We were with the foremost who from Ihat 
quarter attacked the convent, and after the surrender of its garrison 
and artillery we joined in the pursuit towards the city. 

I cannot too much commend the officers of my battalion. Their 
successful exertions are the more commendable as they were so fev/ 
in number, and I beg leave, therefore, to mention their names. 

Brevet Major R. C. Buchanan, acting major of the regiment. 

1st Lieutenant Henry Prince, adjutant. 

1st Lieutenant John H. Gore, commanding company. 

1st Lieutenant Sidney Smith, commanding company. 

1st Lieutenant G. O. Haller, commanding company. 

2d Lieutenant Henry M. Judah. 

2d Lieutenant A. B, Lincoln, commanding company. 

2d Lieutenant T. J, Montgomery, commanding company. 

2d Lieutenant A. P. Rogers, commanding company. 

2d Lieutenant Maurice Maloney. 

2d Lieutenant T. R. McConnell. 

2d Lieutenant Edmund Russell. 

2d Lieutenant U. S. Grant, regimental quartermaster, was use- 
fully employed in his appropriate duties. 

Assistant Surgeon James Simons, of the medical staff, was in at- 
tendance with the battalion, in the zealous discharge of his duties. 

A return of casualties is transmitted, by which it will be seen 
our loss is three killed, eight wounded, and four missing. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

FRANCIS LEE, 
Maj. 4tk Inf.f com^d^g regH. 

To Captain W. A. Nichols, 

A. Ji. A.Gen.y \st brigade^ 1st division^ U. S. A. 



Head-quarters, 2d Brigade, 
Tacubaycy Mexico, August 23, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to make the followingjeport of the ope- 
rations of flay brigade on the 20th instant : 



53 [ 1 ] 

Agreeably with the verbal orders of the major general comiliand- 
ing the division, the 2d brigade filed off to the left from the main 
road leading to Mexico, taking a narrow path crossing through a 
thicket and entering an opening covered with fragments of volcanic 
rocks, so broken and so thick as to present nowhere a smooth or 
level surface, intersected at many points by deep chasms or ra- 
vines, around some of which it was necessary to pass, owing to the 
impracticability of leaping them. 

The march over the ground described was necessarily by the right 
Hank, which species of mar(^ is apt to lengthen a line, even upon 
level surfaces, and tended in this case to do so to an embarrassing 
degree. The route was traced by Captain Mason, of the engineers, 
to whom I gave at the outset a company (Captain Ruggles's, 5th 
infantry,) to support or cover him; but finding him somewhat in 
advance at a later stage of the march, I ordered Captain Merrill's 
company, 5th infantry, to advance as shirmishers with the same 
view. In progress of the march over the surface described, the 
brigade came in full view of the enemy's position, who, I observed 
with my glass, appeared to be forming with a view to retreat upon, 
his rear; he, however, threw out some skirmishers, which, at the 
moment, seemed to me evincive of a desire to arrest my march; 
but, looking at him for a few moments with a glass, I concluded it 
to be only a feint. The march, therefore, was continued without 
returning the few shots thrown upon us by his skirmishes. At 
length, the head of the brigade (5th infantry) reached a road con- 
Terging by our right towards the main road leading to the city of 
Mexico, when I ordered Colonel Mcintosh to close up his regiment 
and advance upon the enemy, then passing upon the latter, which 
was promptly done, the 5th under him passing through an inter- 
Tening corn-field, and at the other edge immediately engaging him. 
The 6th infantry, led by Major Bonneville, coming up as rapidly 
as the nature of the ground permitted, was ordered to advance, 
take the left of the former regiment, and support it. Lastly, the 
Sth infantry, led by Major Waite, almost breathless with exertions 
to keep closed up, arrived at the same point and was directed to 
form — it being my intention to hold it in reserve until circumstances 
no longer should render it expedient. Seeing, as I supposed, a 
body of lancers upon the Mexican road, the regiment was ordered 
to wheel into column, in order to move into the field on its right 
intervening between it and that road. At this moment Lieutenant 
Lay, of the staff of the general-in-chief, came up on my left, and 
informed me that General Scott and his forces were near on the 
San Angel road. This regiment was then ordered to turn to the 
left, and was conducted by me to the main Mexican road referred to, 
the 1st brigade of the 1st division passing upon it during this move- 
ment, and while the Sth was threading its way through a cornfield 
to gain the point mentioned. Meantime, the Sth and 6th regiments 
gaining the road after a sharp affair of musketry, of some eight or 
more minutes duration, pursued the Mexicans flying upon it. Ad- 
vancing with the Sth, the 5th regiment was finally overtaken, and 
with the former was formed in mass behind Duncan's battery to 



[1] 



54 



support it, agreeably with General Worth's orders. Whilst so 
formed, these regiments were ordered to advance, leaving two com- 
panies with the battery. Meantime the 6th regiment, having per- 
formed a rapid and dangerous march, passed to the right of the 
main road and gained it at a point in advance of the enemy's work, 
and doubtless contributed much towards the taking of it — the 
other regiments, the 5th and 8th, entering the work at nearly the 
same moment. I regret, at the very moment of giving the order 
for the 5th and 8th regiments to advance from the rear of Colonel 
Duncan's battery, that I received a blow upon my left breast from 
a shot that obliged me to dismount and turn over the command to 
Colonel Mcintosh. 

Throughout the day my staff, Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, adju- 
tant, 6th infantry, acting assistant adjutant general, and Lieutenant 
William T. Burwell, 5th infantry, aid-de-camp, were conspicuous 
for their zeal and activity, under all circumstances. 

I observed with pleasure the animation, endurance and eagerness 
of the officers and men of the brigade to advance and encounter the 
enemy, and will particularise as far as reports of commanders will 
justify me — remarking that I cannot too much commend where all 
engaged with a spirit worthy of their profession. 

To Captain Mason was committed the duty of tracing the route;, 
and, in performing this duty, he evinced the greatest zeal and ar- 
dor, engaging the enemy with the advance companies and regiment. 

To the commanders of corps. Colonel Mcintosh, 5th; Major Bon- 
neville, 6th; and Major Waite, 8th infantry; are due the merit of 
leading their commands promptly to the attack, asssisted by those 
able and efficient officers, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Scott, 5th; 
Major Wright, 8th; and Captain Hoffman, 6th infantry. 

Favorable mention is made by Colonel Mcintosh of Captain D. 
Ruggles, Lieutenant and Adjutant P. Lugenbeel, and Lieutenant 
Strong, Lieutenant Fowler, acting regimental quartermaster, Sur- 
geon Roberts, Captain M. C. Merrill, W. Chapman, and McPhail: 
Lieutenants Rossell, Rosecrantz, Hamilton, Dent, and J. P. Smith, 
all of 5th infantry, and in a separate paragraph of Captain Mason, 
of engineers, already spoken of in this report. The colonel also 
mentions, in terms of praise, Sergeant John Golding, company A; 
Sergeants Dudley, Johnson and Augustus Ohrtman ; Corporal 
George Wolton, and privates Slingerland, D. Mahony, M. McGar- 
ry, and James Boyle, of B; private Isaac Jackson, of C; Sergeant 
James O'Brien, Corporal Francis Smith, and privates T. Hardy, J. 
Cox, and R. Crawford, of E; and Corporal G. Marley, and privates 
W. McCormick and G. Scott, of company I, 5th infantry. Of of- 
ficers wounded, he also mentions Captain W. Chapman, and First 
Lieutenant and Adjutant P. Lugenbeel, slightly. 

In a report made by Brevet Lieut. Colonel Scott, 5th infantry, at 
a period of time in command of that regiment, honorable mention 
is made of Lieutenant N. B. Rossell, Captain D. H. McPhail, and 
Lieutenant and Adjutant P. Lugenbeel, already mentioned in this 
report. Also, Captain Martin Burke of the 3d, and Lieutenant 



55 [1 ] 

Shackelford, of 2d artillery. Also of Sergeant Samuel Archer, 
company H, 5th infantry. 

Major Bonneville, 6th infantry, in his report, speaks in terms of 
commendation of Captains Hoffman, Alexander, and Walker; Lieu- 
tenants Hendrickson, Armistead, Ernst, and Buckner; Sergeant 
Major Thompson; Battalion Sergeant Major Owens, and Sergeant 
Steiniker, all of 6th infantry, leading on gallantly with the columns, 
and advancing upon the enemy. He particularly mentions that 
Lieutenants Ernst and Buckner rendered him important services 
during the day, and, also, that of the battalion ninety-five were 
killed and wounded. Captain Hoffman and Lieutenant Buckner 
being slightly wounded, and Lieutenants Hendrickson and Bacon, 
at the head of their companies, severely. 

In a report of Captain Hoffman, made to Major Bonneville, of 
what came under his observation, while in command of a portion 
of the 6th infantry, honorable mention is made of Captain Walker, 
First Lieutenant Armistead, and Second Lieutenants Buckner and 
Hancock, as having distinguished themselves, in which also is 
noticed Lieutenants Rosecrantz, 5th infantry, as having kindly 
offered his services to Captain Hoffman at a period of the action. 
Also, among the rank and file, he observed Sergeant McCann, color 
bearer; Sergeants Williams andMcIntyre, of company A; Sergeant 
Creny, and Corporal Demares, of company B; Corporal Ryerson, 
company D; Private Linningham, of company E, and Sergeant 
Downs, of company F, 6th infantry, as having distinguished them- 
selves. 

In course of the operations of the 8th infantry, a portion of it 
advanced, under Brevet Major Montgomery, to the right, which 
advance doubtless had an influence in forcing the enemy's retreat, 
and the evacuation of his main work. Especial mention is made 
of Major Wright, Captains Bomford and Smith, First Lieutenant 
and Adjutant Longstreet, and Second Lieutenants Snelling and 
Pickett, as having participated in the assault upon the fort; and as 
Captain Bomford and Lieutenant Longstreet, being with the colors 
of their regiment, entered it nearly together, they planted them on 
the walls of the work. The gallantry of these officers in this par- 
ticular, as well as during the whole action, is mentioned as entitling 
them to the most favorable notice. Captain Smith also rendered 
good service in turning one of the enemy's guns upon another 
work, upon whose conduct in this particular the warmest praise of 
his commander (Major Waite) is bestowed. To Brevet Major 
Wright, the major expresses his indebtedness for able assistance 
under all circumstances; also did Lieutenant and Quartermaster 
Burbank render efficient services. In conclusion, the highest ap- 
probation is bestowed by his regimental commander upon the con- 
duct of color-bearer Sergeant Ford, of H company, 8th infantry. 
Major Waite, also, speaks in terms of commendation of Brevet 
Captain Ayres, 3d artillery, and states that he accompanied the as- 
sailing party, and, after the fort was taken, turned one of its p-t}^ 
upon the flying enemy. I enclose, herewith, the reports <"' " 
commanders. Having already transmitted reports of killed ' ' 



[1] 



5G 



and missing, I do not suppose it necessary to enumerate them 
here. 

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient ser- 
vant, 

N. S. CLARKE, 
Colonel 6th infantry ^ commanding 
Capt. W. W. Mackall, 

A. A. General y 1st division. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, August 24, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your orders, I assumed command of the 2d 
brigade, 1st division, on the afternoon of the 20th instant, as the 
troops composing it were advancing to attack the enemy's fortifi- 
cations at Puente del Rosario; and I have now the honor to submit 
the following report of their operations. 

Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Scott, in command of the 5th infantry, 
advanced with that regiment into the corn fields on the right of 
the road, and directly in front of the enemy's works, and soon be- 
came warmly engaged. 

The 6th infantry, under command of Major Bonneville, also 
passed into the same fields, and advanced towards the enemy. 
Their list of killed and wounded will testify to their being in the 
hottest of the fight. 

After leaving two companies of his regiment, under the co»- 
mand of Captains Scriven and Gates, as a guard for Brevet Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Duncan's battery. Major Waite, in command of the 
8th infantry, advanced through the fields of corn, engaged the 
enemy, and a portion of his command pushed forward, and were the 
first to plant their colors on the capiured fort. 

On account of the density of the corn, and the number of inter- 
secting ditches, some of the companies of the different regiments 
became separated from their colors, but all were actively engaged 
in the attack; and I can, with great pleasure, bear testimony to the 
zeal, activity, and courage displayed by both officers and men under 
my command. 

The enemy's works were stormed and carried, notwithstanding 
their great superiority in numbers and position; and they driven ia 
succession from them, and from the church in rear, closely pursued 
by our troops until within three miles of the city. 

My thanks are due to Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, A. A. A. G., 
and Lieutenant W. T. Burwell, A. D. C, for their promptness and 
activity in communicating my orders. For their zeal, gallantry, 
and good conduct, I recommend them to the notice of the com- 
^^•^nding general. 

ave the honor to refer you to the reports of regimental com- 
mandei, ^^^ ^^^ names of officers, non-commissioned officers, and 



57 [ 1 ] 

privateSj who were particularly distinguished; and also to the same 
reports for a list of the killed, wounded, and missing. 
Respectfully submitted. 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel by brevet, U. S. Army. 
Maj. Gen. W, J. Worth, 

Com'dg Gen. \st Div. U. S. army. 



Head-quarters, 5th Infantry, 
Tacubaya, August 22, 1847. 

Sir; In obedience to your orders, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the operations of the 5th regiment of infantry 
ander my command, during the 25th instant. 

About 10 o'clock, a. m., on the morning of the 20th, the 5th 
infantry, on the right of your brigade, conducted by Capt. Mason, 
engineers, proceeded by the right flank, through the craggy and 
broken giound, to the left of San Antonio, to turn that flank of 
the enemy's works, get in their rear, and cut off their retreat to- 
wards Mexico. 

When the advance of the regiment came in view of San Antonio, 
the road was seen to be filled with masses of the retreating enemy, 
who were abandoning their works, and retreating towards their 
aext fort in rear. 

The regiment was rapidly pushed forward, and engaged the 
enemy. A heavy fire was kept up for about ten minutes, when the 
enemy broke, and dispersed in every direction, closely pursued. 

Many dead bodies of the enemy were left upon the field, (inclu- 
ding one lieutenant colonel,) and many more were wounded. A num- 
ber of prisoners were taken, among whom were Brevet Brig. Gen. 
Perdigon Garay, commanding their rear guard, and one lieutenant, 
captured by Lieut. C. S. Hamilton, one lieutenant colonel and one 
lieutenant, captured by Lieut. A. B. Rossell; three other officers 
captured by the command. 

The main portion of the regiment then passed along the cause- 
way towards San Antonio, in close pursuit of the enemy, driving 
them from the sand-bag breastwork thrown across the road, and 
also from the fortified hacienda. 

Another portion, under the command of Captain D. Ruggles, 
with Lieutenant and Adjt. P. Lugenbeel, and Lieut. Strong, with 
the regiment colors, becoming separated from the main body, passed 
along the causeway towards Mexico. After advancing up the road 
some distance, a small body of the enemy were perceived, attempting 
to spike a 24-pounder iron gun. Capt. Ruggles orflered the command 
to advance; drove them off, and captured the piece; passed on, and 
occupied the village and bridge of Sotepingo, in front of the fort 
at Puente del Rosario, when the fire of the enemy caused him to 
halt, and await the arrival of more troops. After pursusing the 
enemy some distance, the main body of the regiment was halted, 



[11 58 

and then advanced along the mairi causeway towards the fort at 
Puente de Rosano. When about to advance in the corn-field in 

n B^v^ef LUut'coTt^'sc'o'tt™"'"'"'' "' "'^ -8"-"" de^fve'S 
uii £.revei x.ieut. ^ol. M. bcott, in consequence of my beinff ordprprl 
to assume command of the brigade, the wound you there^rece' ed 
having temporany disabled you from command.^ "'""''^ 

My thanks are due to Brevet Lieut Tnl M <5^^+^ j- 

mand, for his valuable assisTancerlertlfy ttt^e'^ llT o^^^^ 
-ons. His gallantry is too well k'nown to ne'ed commendatroi W 

My staff, Lieutenant and Adj. P. Lugenbeel, and Lieut S W 
Fowler, acting regimental quartirmaster,^will a ep my h nks f^; 
their gallantry, activity, and good conduct. ^ ^ 

the marcT' ^I'^^T ^^^^ts accompanied the regiment during 

profess on' hu^Z. V V''^^'^^ ^'^^ ^"^ ^^^"^ ^^"fi"^^ to hil 
protession, but were displayed in a more military capacity, in aid- 
ing and urging on the men to the contest. ^ ^ ^' 

Capts. M. E. Merrill and D. Ruggles, with their companies, were 
notL'ed'wiJf' '"' 1^'f "' "'° '^^^'^^ ^"g^g^^ -i^^'he en m" 
byVa;utr:iir:ta?J^tir ''- ^^"^-^^ ^-^ zeal dlspla/ed 
tion' whye^ali'/nn ^S^P"^^^^^/ ^^igttly wounded, early in the ac- 
^ce^7or a sforMim'e.'""^ '" '^^^' "'^^^ ^^^"^^^ ^^ «^ ^- -- 
command'ln^f ^'^^' Lieutenants Rossell, Rosecrantz, and Hamilton, 

rt"rortieir"?:Son^^^^^^^' ^°°^^^^^' ^^^^^^^' ^"^ -^i-^^> 

pr^teT^ndrivtr^'^"' ^- "^ ^^^h, manifested equal zeal, 
jlesTmllf too highly of the gallantry and activity of Capt. 
Sent^nt^ thp' V " "'V f engineers, who conducted the Re- 
giment into the action; and, by his skill and knowledge of the 
country, materially lessened our loss ^ 

My attention has been called, by their company commanders to 
Dndf "?l'^ '"P'^^^^ ^^ ^^^^- J°h» Gollinger^ of A- Sergeants 

and James E^v'' f\^Ser\^^^,B.nie\ Mahoney, Michael McGarry 
and James Boyle of B; Private Isaac Jacobson, of C: Serjeant 
James O'Brien Corporal Francis Smith, and Privates Thos. nfrdv 
James Cox, and Robert Crawford, of E and Corporal George Mor- 
;7n\eT5'th'lnrt:y^^'"^ "^^"^^"^^^^ ^"^ George^Scott, of!! fom- 
mJstTor^VpH^^^^^^^^^ "'^^ '' officers, and 370 non-com- 

Ti^V^'''/A'^r''S^i:*^' day was. Captain Wm. Chapman, and 1st 
Lieut, and Adj. P. Lugenbeel, slightly wounded; six privates killed: 

rilates m^i^s'ln''''''"'''''''''"'^ °^'^'' ^""^ privates wounded, and two 
Respectfully submitted. j, g. McINTOSH 

Col. N. S. Clark, ^"^' ^''''^' ^' ^- "^'^^y* . 

Co?n'dg 2d Brig., 1st Div. U. S. army. 



59 [1] 

Tacubaya, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 
Sir- On the afternoon of the 20th instant, while in pursuit of the 
retreating enemy, at the village of Sotepingo, Brevet Colonel 
Mcintosh being ordered to take command of the 2d brigade, 1st 
division, in consequence of Colonel N. S. Clark, commanding the 
brigade, being wounded, the command of the 5th infantry devolved 

^"in^o^bedience to orders received from Major General Worth, I 
immediately ordered the regiment into the corn-fields on the right 
of the road and directly in front of the fort at Puente del Rosario, 
passed rapidly towards the works of the enemy, and, with a portion 
of the regiment, was among the first to storm them and drive the 
enemy's troops towards the city. Brevet Major Geo Wright, with 
a small portion of the infantry, however, gained the work before 
me In consequence of the thickness of the corn and difficulty ot ^ 
crossing the intervening ditches. Captain Merrill and Lieutenant 
Rosecrantz, in command of companies K, F, and I, were separated 
from the regiment and passed more \^owards the right, where they 
also became warmly engaged. , , , ^^ , j „^„i 

It affords me great satisfaction to speak of the gallantry and cool- 
ness of Lieutenant N. B. Rossell, commanding company E, who 
was brought under my immediate observation during the whole oi 
this affair, aftd who was among the first at the fort. 

Captain D. H. McPhail, in command of company B, came also 
under my immediate notice, and assisted in bringing one of the 
captured guns to bear on the enemy. Lieutenant and Adjutant P. 
Lugenbeel passed with me far into the corn-fields in front of the 
fort, and it gives me great pleasure to testify to his zeal, gallantry, 
and good conduct during the whole affair. In conveying orders 
from me to the regiment he received a slight wound in the shoulder. 
In the hottest of the fire I met Captain Martin Burke, of the 3d, 
and Lieutenant Shackelford, of the 2d artillery, gallantly doing 

their duty. . , n , i u- ri,^ 

I would recommend to your notice the gallant anl soldierlike 
conduct of Sergeant Samuel Archer, of H company, 5th infantry, 
who, I am told, was the first man to enter the enemy's works. 
Respectfully submitted. ^^^^ 

^ ^ MARTIN SCOTT, 

Brevet Lieut. Col. U. S. A.^com'ding bth Reg. Jnfantn/. 

Brevet Colonel J. S. McIntosh, 

Commanding bth Infantry. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 
Sir: I have the honor to report, for the information of the com- 
manding officer of the 5th regiment of infantry, that, on the morning 
of the 20th of August instant, I received verbal orders from Colonel 
N. S. Clarke, commanding the 2d brigade, to move in the advance 
with my company A, of the 5th infantry, under the instructions of 



[1] 



60 



Captain J. L. Mason of the eneinppro iA„ j 
mile and a half towards the rilhl„f ,t '"'"■'""g »bom one 
tion at San Antonio, over the unfven vol tnicTo'Tt^M"'''^^'* P"''" 
discovered in fnll retreat along the jrla road t. Jk ' ■^ T.?^ ""■' 
My company was then extPnH»,l !, i • ° , ""' "^y "f Mexico. 
Ca^tainkson, and moved "olheri^'r"'^"^' ^' '^ ^'q-«' of 
works, scouring the rugged fields of^,.l '^"^'Tu "{ '^"^ ^^^X'^ 
plain, and also the smafffields and hnn^.K '°J^u ■'""'''" "^ ""e 
During the latter rart of thl»^ houses by which it was skirted. 

the enemy's skL'^^'hersuidrrr"""' ' """^ ^'' ^""^ " P"ty of 
flank while passing near a "mtl, skrt';,f"'' °ri "P°" "^y "g"" 
was not deemed ff sufficienTim^n t "''°''. '',"'' ""''orbrush, but 
of the movement We soon a r/""?" •\<'^'^>' "'» ™ain object 

dered with corn-fields^ Vea^therd^ot^r:^■'' %'"'^" T"" ^o^ 
reconnoitring the enem" for a m£ 1 n P ^i"' {'■°'° *'>'ot>, after 

to me the direction of t'he main rr^'.^'P""," ^''""' ''"l"=»'ed 
rapidly retiring I thin ,^ road along which the enemy was 

small ild boJfered by the mL'l'v ""r"^'' ", «^''' "^ ™™ '« a 
at the distance of about llT^TV '"}"/' =""' 'ound the enemy, 

Finding thar:e"'h''a'd°■;v:::utl;';:„rd^«^i.^''I'tne'"V'V'n 

p-viously, ad::nTed7of 'p i :„' .'^ ^^'g' -^h ^^i' » -ment 

inclining tHhe'^gh' '°'""'"''' '''^■='""'' ^' "'^ ^""'^ -"--ent, 

While advancing: rapidlv thp fi.-*. ^r, k^^-i. • i 
well sustained, until the enemv in f L? ^^^^e^^'as brisk and 

ing fields, when I changed m/d'eroLXhlirt"'; V)f ^'f ^^- 
gaged in the pursuit. ^A moment aZwartlnd t '"^ T 
to entering- the road, 2d Lieutenant fT'^^ J^^^P.^^^'i^^^slj 
detachment of F comnanv^th i^f . '^ ^^'*'"^' ^'^^^ ^ ^"^^^^ 

joined my comm.nd 1!^' 1 mfan ry, and the regimental color, 

Ut u =r;S: f : :nt':,7a"dSo? .rtJgi:::.^'- ^°'-'* 
fl Jt'tn'Sirre ,iL''";™cl'p^retT,r^ ■"''^' '^°-"»'^ '- ^-^ 
sK/st«;%,?rr-?i'td°£r-°^^^ 

broken open'^Lyrxamined by .t "pPX"s'seit'u",S'/''' '".""^ ^"^ 
superintended by Lieutenants CgenCe? and Stronl w,f„'''"";'°"' 

Signal service bv taVino- ^r.A .^^ • ''*'\ '^"^' ^strong, who rendered 

tion thus d overed Vhile r. ^'"^/"T"''"""^' ""'' ""■""">;- 
enemv w.rl r VVhile engaged in thepursu t,a party of the 

I dSted a iTZll,:^''""'^'^' ^"S'-g^d inciting a'^heaiy gun 

and S\" t:t'roh;rGolt:^r!"/d"Lret fnalVrB'-'st''" '° ^k' 

a'^^re^^T'ofhe^Tkitri'^l^^ ^°™? 

of the field ' ^ new24.pounder iron gun-the first trophy 

We soon entered the small village of Churub.asco, where several 



61 [ 1 ] 

refugees were found, and a considerable quantity of ammunition, 
over which a guard was immediately placed. Near at hand, I ob- 
served, from a small bridge, a portion of the enemy's ammunition, 
and baggage train about one hundred yards in advance, still retreat- 
ing, and ordered my command, which had halted a moment from 
extreme exhaustion, forward to take possession of the bridge and 
plant the regimental color, and immediately opened a fire upon the 
train, driving the escort and conductors from it^ when a heavy 
shower of grape and canister from the enemy's guns disclosed a 
new battery in position. 

While this conflict continued, private James McKenna, of A com- 
pany, was mortally wounded, and private Wilmer, of F company, 
severely. In a short time, the 6th regiment of infantry advanced 
to within a short space of the bridge, when I informed Major Bon- 
neville, commanding, through the adjutant. First Lieutenant Ernst, 
of the enemy's position, and recommended that the regiment should 
immediately form for a charge, before the impression of the pursuit 
should have been diminished by delay, in which he concurred, and, 
after a moment's preparation, advanced in column of platoons, in 
which I joined with a portion of my company in a rapid charge 
along the road against the enemy's position. The enemy immedi- 
ately opened a fire, momentarily increasing in intensity, until it 
became most tremendous and overwhelming. The charging column 
finding the road encumbered by the enemy's ammunition wagons, 
abandoned it and crossed the deep ditch on the right into a corn- 
field, and continued to advance, in an oblique direction, against 
the enemy's works, until so much cut up and dispersed as to require 
a suspension of the charge until reinforcements arrived. This ter- 
rible charge developed the extent, strength, and position of the 
enemy's works, contributing in a great measure to our subsequent 
success. 

In conclusion, it aifords me peculiar pleasure to hear testimony 
to the distinguished gallantry of 1st Lieutenant P. Lugenbeel, ad- 
jutant, and 2d Lieutenant E. B. Strong, and the uniform bravery 
and good conduct of the non-commissioned officers and men of A 
and F companies, of the 5th infantry, constituting my command, 
throughout the conflict. 

As an act of justice to my command, I submit this report, and 
respectfully request that it may be transmitted through the usual 
channel to general head-quarters. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

DAN. RUGGLES, 
Captain bth infantry^ commanding a detachment. 

To the Commanding Officer 

Of the bth regiment of infantry^ U. S. army. 

Respectfully forwarded. 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel Brevet f U. S. Jirmy. 



[1] 



63 



Head-quarters, Battalion, 6th Infantry, 

Camp near Mexico^ August 20, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that, during the rapid njarch of 
your brigade from its position in ivont of San Antonio to the San 
Angel road, to the right of the hacienda, the 6th infantry was un- 
der your immediate observation. There I received your orders to 
march upon the enemy, then upon the road leading from San An- 
tonio to Mexico. Hearing the heavy firing, I directed myself so as 
to reach their right flank. I advanced rapidly over fields of corn, 
deep canals, and, upon my appearance, the firing of the enemy 
ceased, and they rapidly retreated. I then made a rapid movement i 
to the left, parallel to them, determined to pursue the advantage 
already gained by the happy combination of General Worth's di- 
vision. Captain Ruggles, 5th infantry, with a portion of his com- 
mand, was in advance of me. I overtook him at the bridge, where * 
he informed me, through my adjutant, Lieutenant Ernst, that the 
enemy had their ammunition wagons just in front, defended by only i 
a few pieces of artillery. Determined to secure these, I instantly ' 
ordered a charge upon the battery. I soon found myself enveloped 
in a tremendous fire of artillery and musketry from a regular forti- 
fication. Struck by a ball in the arm and breast, I fell for a mo- 
ment; when I recovered myself, I found the battalion crossing the 
canal to the right and entering the cornfield. I went to the right, 
where Lieutenant Ernst, adjutant of my battalion, and Lieutenant 
Buckner, the regimental quartermaster, had rallied a portion of the 
battalion. Here, sustaining the fire of the enemy for at least half 
an hour without support, I fell back to the main road, where I 
found the division arriving. I soon after received the order of 
General Worth to advance with such men as I had. At this time, 
the enemy was warmly engaged with the whole division. When I 
reached the flank of the enemy, I found them retreating. 

I cannot but feel proud of the manner in which the regiment ad- 
vanced un'il literally cut to pieces. Observing Captains Hoff'man, 
Alexander, W.ilker, and also Lieutenants Hendrickson, Armistead, 
and Nelson, with Lieutenants Ernst and Buckner, together with 
Sergeant Major Thompson, Battalion Sergeant Major. Owens, and ■! 
Sergeant Steinecker, in front, leading the charge, along with the ■ 
color-guard, I cannot speak of them too highly to the general 
commanding on this important and brilliant occasion. 

It is but justice to those officers to state that Lieutenants Ernst 
and Buckner rendered me the most important services during the 
day. I regret to be compelled to state that there are in my bat- 
talion ninety-two killed, wounded, and missing; besides which. 
Captain Hoff'man and Lieutenant Buckner were slightly wounded, 
and Lieutenants Hendrickson and Bacon severely wounded at the 
head of their respective companies. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 

Max. Qth infantry^ Com. Bat. 

To Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, 

A. A. A. Gen., 2d Brig., 1st division. 



63 [1] 

p. S. I have the honor herewith to enclose Captain Hoffman's 
report, of that portion of the engagement which came under his 
more immediate observation. 

I am, &c., 

B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 
Maj. 6tk Infafitry^ ^c, Sfc. 



Camp near Mexico, 

August 20, 1847. 

Major: I have the honor to make the following report of the 
services of that part of the 6th infantry which came under my 
immediate command during the battle of to-day: 

When you ordered the regiment to move forward against the 
enemy's \vorks on the causeway, I advanced with the front. Lieu- 
tenant x\rraistead gallantly leading the front platoon. On reaching 
the wagons of the enemy, which blocked up the road in front of 
their battery, I discosvered that but a portion of the battalion had 
followed me, and these under the effect of the very severe fire 
which we experienced in front, and a heavy cross-fire from the fort 
on the left, were almost marching by a flank. Being satisfied that 
nothing could be accomplished under such circumstances, by con- 
tinuing to advance on the causeway, I ordered those with me to 
cross the ditch, into the cornfield on our right, and to move for- 
ward against the enemy's line of infantry on the left of his bat- 
tery. This was hansomely done, but my force was too small to 
attack the numbers in our front, entrenched as they were, to whose 
heavy fire of musketry we were exposed all the time. I therefore 
requested, through Lieutenant Buckner, to be supported or re- 
called, and by your order I withdrew. 

On reaching the bridge, I collected parts of several companies, 
and was in the act of forming them when I was ordered by Gene- 
ral Worth, commanding the division, to form the battalion in 
column, and charge the battery again. This was done, but the fire 
of round shot, grape, canister, and musketry, which was poured 
upon us, direct and across, was too much for troops who were now 
under fire for the first time, and in spite of my efforts, they again 
crossed into the field on our right. Here, with the assistance of 
the officers with me, they were soon restored to order, and I was 
joined by Captain Walker and Lieutenant Armistead and a few of 
his men, and the colors of the regiment from whom I had been 
separated, after the first charge, while in the cornfield. We then 
advanced against the enemy's left, and, in doing so, I was joined by 
a part of the 2d artillery under Captain Brooks and Lieutenants 
Daniels and Sedgewick; and by this charge, w^hich turned their 
left flank and drew a large share of his musketry fire, the simulta- 
neous charge of other troops on his main work was doubtless much 
facilitated. We crossed the canal and continued the pursuit of the 



[1] 



64 



routed enemy, till we reached the causeway leading to the city, ii! 
advance of all other troops. 

Our loss has been very severe, but I am uuable to give the num- 
bers. Lieutenants Hendrickson and Bacon were severely wounded 
in the first charge. Among the officers who distinguished them- 
selves, I maybe permitted to mention Captain Walker particularly, 
who was conspicuous by his gallantry in the whole affair; and 1st 
Lieutenant Armistead, and 2d Lieutenants Buckner and Hancock, 
who behaved in the handsomest manner. 

Lieutenant Rosecrantz, of the 5th, joined me in the pursuit, and 
kindly offered his services to communicate any orders I might wis'h 
to give. 

Among the rank and file which distinguished themselves, I noticed 
Sergeant McCann, the color bearer, Sergeants Williams and Mcln- 
tyre, of company A; Sergeant Cressy, and Corporal De Mess, of 
company Bj Corporal Ryerson, of company D; private Lenning- 
ham, of company E; and Sergeant Down, of company F. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, , 

W. HOFFMAN, 
Ccmd^. 6th Infantry ^ ^c. 

Major B. L. E. Bonneville, 

Ccmdg. Bat. Qtk Infantry. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, .August 23, 1847. 

Sir: In compliance with the division order number 13,1 have* 
the honor to make the following report of the operations of the 8th 
infantry under my command, in the action of the 20th instant: 

Soon after the regiment arrived within the reach of the fire of 
the enemy's artillery, it was ordered to move through the fields to 
the right and take a position in connexion with the troops already 
engaged. This movement was made as rapidly as the nature of 
the ground would permit. 

On arriving near the position occupied by the 3d artillery and 
other troops, which were deployed some two hundred yards from 
the enemy's main work, it was found that these troops were sustain- 
ing an unequal contest with a much superior force, and suffering 
from the fire of the fort in front, and the enemy's batteries on their 
left. 

This fire was soon centred on the 8th infantry. The enemy being 
much sheltered from our fire, the only course to be pursued was to 
storms his works. Measures were immediately taken to reform the j 
companies nearest at hand, which had become somewhat intermixed 
in passing over bad ground. This was the work of but a very short 
period. The troops then moved forward under a galling fire, and 
carried the fort by fording the wet ditch, and entering it through 
the embrasures and over the parapet.' 

The gallant manner in which the troops advanced upon the works 
is \vorthy of the highest praise. The companies uuder Brevet 



65 [1] 

Major Montgomery, and Lieutenants Seltlen, Bearsley, and Clark^ 
having deployed to the right and moved forward, were soon under 
a severe fire. This flank movement, by threatening the enemy's 
rear, no doubt aided the assault on the fort. Major Montgomery 
with his company, having accidentally become separated from the 
others, pursued the enemy in his retreat a considerable distance. 

Previous to the regiment leaving the main road, the companies 
D and K under Captains Screven and Gates, were detached to sup- 
port Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's battery; and I can state, on the 
authority of that officer, that both officers and men performed their 
duties to his entire satisfaction. 

The officers who assisted in the attack on the fort, and whose 
conduct came under my personal observation, were Brevet Major 
Wright; Captains Bomford and Smith; 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant 
Longstreet, and 2d Lieutenants Snelling and Pickett, 

Captain Bomford and Lieutenant Longstreet, with the color of 
the regiment, entered the fort nearly together, and planted it on 
the walls of the work. The gallant conduct of these officers on 
this occasion, as well as during the whole of the action, deserves 
the most favorable notice. 

Captain Smith, with a part of his company, entered the fort at 
another point immediately after the color was planted on the par- 
apet. His conduct throughout the day deserves my warmest praise. 
Soon after the iort was in our possession, one of its guns was 
turned on the fort to our left, which still held out, and aided in 
the capture of the work.^ To Captain Smith, who placed the gun 
in battery and fired it first, and Captain Bomford, and Lieutenant 
Longstreet, and Lie'?tenant Snelling, who afterwards took charge 
of the piece, and particularly the latter officers, much credit is due 
for their exertions on this occasion. 

Lieutenants Snelling and Pickett were actively engaged during 
the action, and rendered important services. 

To Brevet Major Wright I am greatly indebted for the assistance 
he rendered on all occasions, and particularly in forming the troops 
and moving them on to the assault. To his activity, coolness, and 
good judgment, the success of the attack is, in a considerable de- 
gree, to be attributed. 

Lieutenant and Quartermaster Burbank rendered efficient ser- 
vices in conveying my orders, and in assisting in bringing up the 
troops, 

I cannot close this communication without expressing my highest 
approbation of the conduct of Color Sergeant Ford, of H com- 
pany, who bore the regimental color to the edge of the ditch, and 
entered tiie fort immediately after Captain Bomford and Lieutenant 
Longstreet. 

With the fort was captured four Mexican officers, some twenty 
private soldiers, and four pieces of artillery. The possession of 
this work, to a great extent, cut off the retreat of the enemy from 
the post occupied by him on our left. 

It is but justice to Brevet Captain Ayers, to say that he accom- 
5 



CI] 



66 



panied the attacking party of the 8th infantry, and, after the fort 
was taken, turned one of its guns on the flying enemy. 
Respectfully submitted. 

C. A. WAITE, 
Major Si/i Infantry^ commanding regiment. 

Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General 2d Brigade^ 1st Division. 



San Akgel, Mexico, August 23, 1847. 
Sir: I have the honor to report, for the information of the gen- 
eral commanding the 2d division of the army, that, on the 19th of 
August orders were received from the head-quarters of the army, 
directing me to report to Captain R. E. Lee, of the corps of engi- 
neers with the company under my command, and was ordered by 
Captain Lee to take ten of my men, and select certain tools from 
the (lenerai engineer train, in addition to those always carried along 
■with the company. I turned over the command of the engineer 
company to Lieutenant McClellan, who, under the direction of 
Captain Lee, proceeded at once to commence the work on the road 
from San Augustine to Contreras, in order to make it practicable 
for artillery. In about one hour and a half, I rejoined the command 
with the necessary implements for opening the road. Captain Lee 
directed me to retain the men I then had with me, and to take 
charge of a certain section of the road, to bring forward my wag- 
ons as rapidly as possible, and to see- that the road was practicable 
before I passed any portion of it. At this time my company was 
-divided into five sections, each under an engineer officer directing 
operations on the road. 

The head of the column having halted, I reached the front in 
time to receive instructions from Captain Lee to halt the company, 
GoUect the scattered parties, and to examine the road inclining to 
the left while he went to the right. Lieutenants McClellan and 
Foster had been for some hours detached. Having gone about 
four hundred yards, I heard just ahead sharp firing of musketry, 
and immediately after met Captain McClellan, of the topographical 
engineers, and Lieutenant McClellan, of the engineer company, re- 
turning on horseback — they had come suddenly on a strong picket, 
and were fired upon. Lieutenant McClellan had his horse shot 
under him. Information of the enemy's picket being in our vicin- 
ity was reported to General Twiggs, who ordered the regiment of 
rifles forward. There being several engineer officers present when 
the rifles came forward, I returned to my company, which had been 
for a short time left* without an officer. Captain Lee about this time 
sent back for Captain McGruder's battery, which was conducted 
by Lieutenant Foster, and placed in position by Lieutenant Mc- 
Clellan. Both of these officers, though they of course had no com- 
mand in the battery, remained with it during the cannonading, were 
very much exposed, and did very good service. Ttie 3d infantry 



67 [ 1 ] 

was ordered to support the battery. I moved forward with this 
regiment, taking my company and pack mules, loaded with tools, 
and placed my command under such shelter as could be found' on 
the left, and near the position occupied by the 3d infantry in rear 
of the battery. In this move-iient one of the company was severe- 
ly wounded, and two mules killed. Meeting with Lieutenant Mc- 
Clellan, I directed him still to remain with the battery, but to or- 
der Lieutenant Foster to rejoin his company. Jn a few moments 
this officer reported to me, and brought information that the troops 
were preparing to storm the enemy's position. General Twiggs 
had passed to the front. Riley's brigade had moved in advance by 
our right. Leaving the mules and tools, I moved the company for- 
ward, falling in with the brigade of General Smith. Captain Lee 
being present, with his consent, I requested the general to allow 
the engineer company to fight in his brigade. He told me to take 
the head of the column, and to direct myself towards a church in 
a village, on the left of the enemy's battery, between it and the 
city. Whilst passing down the hill and crossing the ravine, the ene- 
my was rapidly appearing (reinforcements from the direction of the 
city) on an eminence beyond the church. The voltigeurs and 15th 
infantry took position in the village just before General Smith's 
brigade came up. General Smith directed me to take my company 
as an escort, reconnoitre the village, and find out whether Colonel 
Riley's brigade was in the vicinity. I continued some distance be- 
yond the church, and finding a large Mexican force in front of me 
and very near, I returned without seeing the brigade under Colonel 
Riley, which had, as I understood afterwards, advanced very near 
the enemy's battery. I saw enough of the village to satisfy me 
that one brigade of infantry could hold it against the whole Mex- 
ican army, provided artillery was not brought to bear upon it. 
The reinforcements of the enemy upon the hill in our front were 
rapidly increasing. They had at this time probably ten thousand 
men on the height formed in line of battle. Towards dark Colonel 
Riley's brigade returned from its advanced position, and joined the 
troops under the command of General Smith; too late, however to 
allow time for forming the troops to attack the enemy in our front. 
Lieutenant McClellan joined me about this time in our movement 
on the village. Lieutenant Foster, who was on horseback, became 
detached with a few of the men, and did not rejoin me until after 
the action on the morning of the 20th. Just before night, we re- 
ceived a few shots from artillery in our front; the main battery on 
the left of the village had been annoying us for some time. 

General Smith very soon after dark, on the evening of the 19th, 
informed me that the enemy's main battery would be stormed at 
daylight on the morning of the 20th. This would open the road 
for artillery, and our communications with General Scott would be 
re-established. There was at this time nothing but infantry on 
the side of the ravine occupied by General Smith; the ground over 
which the infantry had passed was perfectly impracticable for ar- 
tillery, or even cavalry. There was but one road by which it was 
possible for artillery or cavalry to pass, and that was completely 



[1] 



68 



commanded by the enemy's Lattery. I received orders to hold the 
engineer company ready to move at 3 o'clock, a. m,, and to take 
my place on the right of the rifles. On the morning of the 20th, 
there was considerable delay in the movement of the brigade under 
General Cadwalader, by which General Smith's brigade, now un- 
der the command of Major Dimmick, 1st artillery, was detained 
very nearly an hour. Part of the 11th regiment lost its way, 
caused the voltigeurs to halt, thus throwing the brigade under Ma- 
jor Dimmick, still further from Colonel Riley's, which had moved 
very soon after 3 o'clock. At the request of General Cadwalader, 
Major Dimmick ordered me to turn over the command of my com- 
pany to the officer next in rank, and to move forward and conduct 
the troops that had lost their way. The rear of the column (two 
regiments of General Cadwalader's command) moved about day- 
light from the position where they had bivouacked. The whole. 
force was by sunrise, or little after, in a sheltered position in rear 
of the enemy's battery. 

The engineer company and rifle regiment were ordered to take 
place in line on the left of Colonel Riley's brigade, thus bringing 
them at the head of one of the columns of attack; Riley's brig- 
ade, forminor the column which was under the direction of Lieu- 
tenant Tower, of the .engineers, to move further to the right and 
attack the enemy on the right. Lieutenant Beauregard, of the en- 
gineers, conducted the column, at the head of which was the engineer 
company and rifle regiment. Colonel Riley's brigade, by a forward 
movement, gained the opposite side of a ridge leading down towards 
the battery. The column conducted by Lieutenant Beauregard, fol- 
lowed a ravine on the near side of the same ridge. Colonel Riley's 
advance became engaged with a very strong picket, some 300 yards 
or more from the rear of the battery, near the crest of the ridge; 
the engineers and rifles came up at once in position to take the 
picket in rear, delivered a deadly volley within 50 yards, cheered 
and rushed on. The enemy's force fled; the head of our column 
crossed the line of their retreat, which brought the right of the 
column, conducted by Lieutenant Beauregard, in contact with the 
7th infantry, which formed the left of Colonel Riley's brigade. I 
went into the enemy's battery with the colors of the 7th infantry, 
my company immediately behind me. The enemy, or at least a 
portion of them, stood to their guns well, and delivered a fire of 
grape into our troops when the head of the column was within 26 
yards of their pieces. Our troops followed the retreating enemy 
without halting until they were beyond the reach of our musketry. 
Lieutenant Beauregard then strongly advised that the troops be 
halted and formed. We had driven before us from 7 to 10,000 
of the enemy, and knew that there were as many more in our vi- 
cinity. The troops were halted. A short time afterwards General 
Twiggs came up. The pursuit was soon resumed. At San Angels, 
we had an unimportant skirmish. Just after driving the enemy 
from San Angels, General Pillow arrived. Lieutenant Foster, with 
a portion of the company, rejoined me at this place about 11 
o'clock. 



69 1 1 ] 

In the action of the morning of the 20th, the battle of Contreras 
my men acted with great gallantry; their promptness in obeying 
every order, and the effect with which they used their muskets, en- 
title them all to the highest praise. In my report to the chief en- 
gineer in the field, I shall make special mention of all who, to my 
knowledge, particularly distinguished themselves. I will mention 
her?. First Sergeant D. H. Hastings, of the engineer company, who, 
by his gallant conduct and soldierly bearing in this action, richly 
deserves promotion to the rank of commissioned officer in the army. 
Sergeant Hastings was slightly wounded by my side in the battery. 
Sergeant Starr attracted my particular attention, by his gallant and 
-efficient conduct. Sergeant Starr was the ranking non-commis- 
sioned officer with the detachment of the engineer company which 
accompanied Colonel Harney's command at the battle of Cerro 
Gordo. I would recommend him for promotion. 

Artificer Y^. H. Bartlett attracted my particular attention by cool 
and steady gallantry. Artificer N. S. Read shot the color- 
bearer of the enemy's 12th regiment of artillery, and secured the 
joior. 

Lieutenant Foster was at this time, as I have before remarked; 
detached wath a portion of the company, and at the head of his men 
led the 9th and 12th regiments of infantry in their attack on the 
flank of the retreating column at Contreras. 

Lieutenant McClellan, frequently detached, and several times in 
command of the engineer company, is entitled to the highest praise 
for his cool and diaring gallantry, on all occasions, in the actions of 
both the 19th and 20th. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GUS. W. SMITH, 
Lieut. Engineers^ commanding company. 
Lieutenant W. T. H. Brooks, 

A. Ji. A. General^ 2d division U. S. A. 



San An(sel, Mexico, August '2Z, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit, for the information of the gen- 
eral commanding the 2d division, the following report in reference 
to the operations of the engineer company under my command, du- 
ring the afternoon of the 20th of August, in the attack of the ene- 
my's works in front of the convent of Churubusco. Between 12 
and 1 ojclock, p. m., I received orders to move from the village of 
immediately after the rifle regiments, on a road intersecting 
the road from San Antonio to Mexico, in order to cut off the en- 
emy already retreating from San Antonio. 

I had not gone two hundred yards when I received orders to 
countermarch and move on another route intersecting the road from 
San Antonio to the city nearer to Mexico. The regiment of rifle- 
men continued on the road on which I first started. The company 
passed by Captain Taylor's battery of light artillery and took its 
place at the head of the column. The column was halted by Gen- 



[1] 



70 



eral Twiggs, and I was directed by him to send an officer in ad- 
vance to see the position of a battery reported to be not far in front. 
Lieutenant McClellan was sent on one road, and Lieutenant Stew- 
art, of the engineers, was directed by General Twiggs to take an- 
other. Both officers soon returned and reported a battery in front 
of a convent, the roof and steeples of which were in plain view of 
the head of the column and within 700 yards. The roof was crowded 
with troops; the battery was masked by intervening trees and corn 
fields. General Twiggs then directed these officers to make a closer 
reconnoissance, and ordered my company as an escort. Having pro 
ceeded 500 yards, we saw troops on our right, left, and in front. A 
lancer was taken prisoner. Lieutenant Stevens directed me to take 
the prisoner to the general and request an additional escort of two 
companies.. We were at this time about 300 yards from the battery, 
but it was still almost entirely masked from view. I delivered the 
prisoner and the message to General Twiggs, and returned at once 
to my company, which I had left in charge of Lieutenant Foster. 
Lieutenant Stevens joined General Twiggs whilst I was with him. 
When I resumed command of the company, Lieutenant McClellan 
reported to me that our troops were already engaged in our front^ 
having apparently partly turned the battery and convent by our 
right. One of General Twiggs's staff was present and informed us 
that the rifles with Captain Lee, of the engineers, were reconnoi- 
tring the same works, and had gone to our right considerably far- 
ther from the battery than we then were. We all concurred in 
opinion that the rifles were engaged with a va*stly superior force. 
There was at this time no firing of artillery. I ordered Lieutenant 
McClellan to report the result of his operations to General 
Twiggs. He did so, and on the recominendation of Lieutenants 
Stevens and McClellan, in which I concurred, the 1st regiment 
of artillery was ordered to support the rifles. The firing on the 
right increased; it was evident that several thousands of the 
enemy were pouring a heavy musketry fire into our troops on the 
right. The tops of the convent and the surrounding walls 
were lined with troops; the roof was literally covered. Lieutenant 
Stevens was of opinion that a few rounds of grape would disperse 
these masses and relieve our troops already engaged from a destruc- 
tive plunging fire. He went back to the general, leaving myself 
the senior engineer then in front of the batteries. The fire had now 
become very brisk upon my party; having placed the company un- 
der the best shelter at hand, with Lieutenant Foster I proceeded to 
examine the works to determine the number, character and position 
of the pieces of artillery. Nothing heavier than a 4 or 6-pounder 
had yet been fired. 

At this time, the 1st artillery came up to where I was. The la- 
mented and gallant Burke, at the head of the leading company, ad- 
dressing me, asked which direction they were to take. I inquired 
what were his orders. He 'said that the regiment was ordered to 
support the rifles. I pointed to the smoke, which was all we could 
see by vvhich to determine the position of our troops engaged in a 
corn-field on our right, and told him that they reached their 



i 



"?!. [1] 

present place by moving farther to the rear out of range of the 
works, and remarked to him that the fire through which he would 
have to pass in the direction he was going was very severe. He 
replied that they were ordered to move by that road to support 
the rifles. The 1st artillery filed by and soon encountered, at the 
distance of 150 yards from the enemy, the heaviest fire of artillery 
and musketry tlat I ever heard, except that which was almost im- 
mediately after brought to bear upon Taylor's battery, which had 
been ordered to fire upon the convent; and, in selecting a place 
suitable for managing the guns, had most unfortunately been 
placed, entirely exposed, directly in front" of a well constructed 
battery with heavy pieces firing in embrasure. 

As the 1st artillery filed by me, I ordered my company to be 
formed, determined to go on with the reconnoissance, and, if pos- 
sible, join the rifles on the right, and send back to the general accu- 
rate information in reference to the works of the enemy and the 
position of our own troops, which at that time I could not under- 
stand. The troops had become engaged in our front within ten 
minutes after a reconnoissance had been ordered by General Twiggs, 
and before the oflicer whom I was escorting had been able to make 
a single observation. In moving forward, I was opposite the centre 
of the artillery which inclined more to the left, towards the bat- 
tery, whilst I kept very near the road; the ground was level, but 
some shelter was afforded to small bodies of men by the ditches, 
maguey plant, &c. I ordered my men to separate, to shelter them- 
selves as much as possible, to keep within supporting distance of 
me, and not to cross the main road without further orders. I pro- 
ceeded about two hundred yards, and arriving at the main road, 
came to the conclusion that, as the fire there was, I could not pos- 
sibly cross the ditches on the side of the road and the wide road- 
way without the loss of half my company. I ordered every man 
to shelter himself in a small ditch, which was fortunately near us. 
Immediately after, I heard the fire of Taylor's battery passing 
directly over my head. Requiring my command to lie close, with 
Lieutenant Foster, I made my way to an old ruined wall in the 
centre of the road, and from that position sent Lieutenant Foster 
to General Twiggs to report the extent of the line engaged on the 
right, that we were directly in front of the works, and that in my 
opinion the whole force under General Twiggs's command should 
turn the enemy's position by our left. Another battery was seen 
distinctly to our right and far in rear of the Churubusco battery, 
apparently enfilading our line engaged on the right. Gen. Twiggs 
had already sent Colonel Riley's brigade to turn the position by 
our left, and take the battery by the gorge. When Lieutenant Foster 
returned, I withdrew the'company to a position of more safety, and 
joined General Smith and Lieutenant Stevens, who were near the 
place from which I started with the 1st artillery. I remained there 
until after the action. 

The non-commissioned officers, artificers, and privates of my com- 
pany, throughout all their operations in the vicinity of this city — 
in clearing away obstacles raised by the enemy, in repairing roads,. 



[1] 



72 



making bridges, &c., in reconnoitringjind in storming the positions 
of the enemy — have on all occasions acted in a highly creditable 
manner, and, under fire, have behaved with cool gallantry and great 
promptness and efficiency. 

I have every reason to be more than satisfied with the daring 
gallantry and highly important services of Lieutenants G. B. Mc- 
Clellan and J. G. Foster, and am much indebted to them for the 
efficient manner in which they performed their arduous duties on 
the 19th and 20th of August. In the action on the 19th, I had 40 
men engaged — two of the number were wounded. On the 20th, I 
had 38 — two of the number wounded at Contreras. In the action 
at Churubusco no one of my company was touched. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GUS. W. SMITH, 
Lieutenant of Engineers.^ commanding company. 
Lieutenant W. T. H. Brooks, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General., 

2d Divisions of Regulars. 



San Angel, Mexico, August 23, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to instructions, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the services of the light battery under my 
command, in the recent conflicts with the enemy. 

On the 16th instant, when the division commenced its flank 
movement to the left, I was directed to march one section of my 
battery in the centre and the other in rear of the division; the lat- 
ter, for the purpose of keeping in check any of the enemy's cavalry 
that might attempt to annoy our rear. After mar«".hing a few miles, 
the enemy was observed in force on our left flank, with a large 
body of his cavalry advanced to within a mile of the road on which 
we were marching. Dispositions were soon made to drive them 
back; for this pur!)Ose, Lieutenant Martin's section, which was ia 
the centre, was thrown into a field in front of the infantry, who 
were formed in line. These two pieces soon op'ened upon the 
cavalry, and with the addition of the howitzer, rapidly brought up 
frem the rear by Lieutenant French, soon compelled them to retire. 
The march was then resumed, the enemy declining to follow us 
any further. On the 19th instant, the division reached San Au- 
gustin, and in the afternoon continued its march for the purpose of 
attacking the enemy, who was in position at Contreras. On account 
of the difficulty of the road leading to the enemy, the battery was 
ordered to follow in rear. No part was taken by the battery in 
the conflict which our troops were obliged to sustain, whilst get- 
ting into position to attack the enemy, for it was impossible to do 
so without exposing the light pieces of the battery to the im- 
minent risk of being destroyed by their heavy guns. 

On the next day, after the enemy's position was carried, I pushed 
on the battery, and joined the division in time to take the ad- 



73 [ 1 ] 

vance at San Angel. On reaching ChurubuscOj we came in sight 
of a church, where the enemy was pobted — having, as was supposed, 
an entrenched battery thrown across the road. Troops were soon 
thrown forward to attack this place j and, after a short time, I was 
ordered to place the battery in a position where it was thought I 
could drive the enemy from the roof and walls of the church, and 
sustain the other troops in their efforts to carry this place by storm. 
On taking the position assigned me, I found W3 were exposed to a 
most terrible fire of artillery and musketry. This fire, as I after- 
wards ascertained, came from the artillery of a neighboring tete du 
j)ontj and from the artillery and musketry of a regular entrench- 
ment, covering the front of the church to which we were opposite, 
arid which the intervening Indian corn hid from our sig'ut at the 
time. Here I opened my battery, and it was served with great 
precision and rapidity for about an hour and a half, notwithstand- 
ing it was exposed, during that time, to a constant shower of grape, 
round shot, shell, and musketry. At last, finding my loss was be- 
coming very great, and having succeeded in driving the enemy 
from the roof and walls of the church, and given to our troops 
such support as was in my power, I determined to withdraw the 
pieces. This, on account of the great loss of men and horses, and 
the grounds being very heavy and intersected with ditches, was no 
easy task; but it was accomplished with tlie utmost steadiness and 
order, notwithstanding the still continued fire of the enemy. 

In this affair two privates were killed, and two officers, (Lieu- 
tenants Martin and Boynton,) two sergeants, one corporal, and 
seventeen men, wounded. Fourteen horses were killed or utterly 
disabled, and several others wounded. 

It gives me great pleasure to say that the officers and men be- 
haved with a gallantry and coolness worthy of all praise. To the 
officers — 1st Lieutenant Wm. H. French, 1st Lieutenant J. G. Mar- 
tin, and 2d Lieutenant E. C. Boynton — my thanks are due, for the 
active and spirited assistance they gave me in the service of the 
battery ; and I trust the great gallantry shown by these officers will 
receive due notice elsewhere. It is due to Lieutenant French, who 
remained with me to the last, to say, that he performed the addi- 
tional duties which devolved upon him, in consequence of the 
wounds of the other officers, greatly to ray satisfaction. 

As my non-commissioned officers evinced a degree of courage 
and discipline that has seldom been surpassed, I deem it my duty 
to name them. They are. Sergeants Wilson, Martin, McGee, and 
Kallmyer, and Corporals Bigelow, Jones, Barbour, and Jameson. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your objedient servant, 

FRANCIS TAYLOU, 
Capt. Com^g, light battery, 2d Division. 

Lieut. W. H. C, Brooks, 

^. Jl. A. Gen. J 2d division regulars. 



[1] 



74 



Head-quarters, Regiment Mounted Riflemen, 
Hacie7ida Gaudaloupe, {near San J27igel,) Aug. 24, 1847. 

Sir ; Agreeably to your order of this morning, I have the honor 
to report that the regiment of mounted riflemen under my command, 
composing a portion of the 1st brigade, 2d division, of regulars, i 
was ordered to take up the line of march from the city of St. Au- 
gustine, with the view of attacking the enemy. After marching in 
advance of the division some three miles, the division ascended the 
mountain, inlmediately opposite to a place called Contreras, where 
the enemy were in force, and strongly fortified with heavy batte- 
ries, which they very soon opened upon us. 

Having reinforced General Pillow, who was in command with 
his division, it was very soon noticed that the enemy's batteries 
were strongly supported by a large force of infantry and cavalry. 
The rifles were ordered by General Pillow to support a battery 
that he was about to order to the front. It was soon discovered 
that the rocky and cavernous country between our force and the 
enemy, interspersed with small corn-fields, was filled with the Mex- 
ican pickets and skirmishers, who ht:d commenced a fire upon us 
under cover qf their guns. I was directed to deploy and cover the 
front of the army, and to drive the enemy within their lines. I 
immediately deployed Captains Porter and Roberts's companies to 
the front, Captains Sanderson, Simonson, and Backenstoss's, to the 
right. The enemy, in that direction, commenced retiring. Captain 
Magruder's battery and the mountain howitzers, were, at this time, 
placed in position, and I was ordered to support them. I detached 
Captain Pope for this purpose. I then detached Captains Critten- 
den and Tucker's companies to the left of the battery, when the 
whole regiment became successfully engaged in a running fire with 
the enemy's skirmishers, driving them from behind the rocks, while, 
at the same time, our men were exposed to a continued fire of grape 
and round shot, which scattered the fragments of stone in every 
direction, striking a great many, but without doing much serious 
injury. This country being beautifully adapted to our arm of the 
service, great execution was done, with little loss to ourselves. 

Our skirmishers advanced, and held positions within rifle shot of 
the enemy's batteries. Several officers of the rifles, who, from the 
nature of the country, became separated, held positions -, many sup- 
posing, from the disposition of things, that the works of the enemy 
were to be carried on this day. While thus engaged, it being late 
in the afternoon, I received your order to concentrate as many of 
the rifles as possible, and join your command immediately. This 
being done, I reported accordingly, and the regiment was directed 
to take the position to the left of the enemy, after .crossing a deep 
ravine, which divided the two armies. The brigade was reinforced 
by General Cadwalader, and this force advanced to the left of, and 
also occupied, the village of St. Geronimo ; it was here reinforced 
by Colonel Riley's brigade. Large reinforcements of the enemy 
were seen advancing in line of battle in our front and on our right 
flank, occupying an extensive hill in front; immense numbers were 



75 • [ 1 ] 

also seen advancing on the Mexican road, and covered the slope 
and tummit of the hill immediately in our front and right flank, a 
part of their force within short cannon range. It being near dark, 
we remained in this position until after your having assumed the 
command. Major Uimraick was reported to me as in Qommand of 
the 1st brigade. The army was ordered into the village of St. 
Geronimo, where we lay upon our arms until about midnight, when 
we received orders to proceed with the utmostsilence to take posi- 
tion, w*ith a view of storming the enemy's works at Contreras. The 
rifles moved on with the others in the greatest regularity. Upon 
reaching the battle-field, which was done through the narrow lanes 
of the village and a deep ravine in rear of the enemy, I was di- 
rected by yourself to move immediately in rear of the left of the 
enemy's battery. In a few seconds the firing commenced, and I 
directed my men to play upon the artillery, which they did with 
admirable execution, advancing at the same time in the direction of 
the enemy's centre. At this juncture the enemy's cavalry commenced 
forming on the right of their battery, fronting our troops. This 
movement was about half executed, when the firing on all sides 
became warm; we very soon discovered a wavering in the Mexican 
lines. I then ordered my command to charge, which was done by 
both ofiicers and men in the most gallant style. Colonel Riley's 
brigade charged down at the same time from our right. 

Nothing can exceed the enthusiasm with which my command 
braved every danger and plunged into the midst of the enemy's 
ranks. The rifles were accompanied throughout by the distinguished 
I young engineers, Lieutenants Beauregard, Smith, and McClellan 
f — the two latter in command of a portion of the engineer troops — 
' all, I am' happy to say, bore themselves with the greatest gal- 
' lantry. The whole force being brought up to bear upon them, they 
! commenced retreating rapidly, still keeping up a heavy fire. Just 
' at this moment, the riflemen, who were upon the opposite side and 
I who had kept up a continual fire upon them, advanced rapidly and 
joined their regiment. Captain Sanderson with a party of rifles, in- 
a most gallant manner, turned one of their l8-pounders, which they 
had left loaded, upon them, pouring into their retreating columns a 
discharge of grape and cannister, and continued it for some time, 
which did great execution. The enemy retreated into the village 
of St. Geronimo, where they made a momentary stand; here the 
havoc became fearful. Upon reaching the village, I mounted sev- 
^ eral of the foremost men, under Lieutenant Gibbs, who did good 
service in harrassing the retreating enemy, and preventing the 
escape of prisoners; the enemy here surrendered, and the firing 
ceased. At this juncture, we were ordered to take the road lead- 
ing to the city of Mexico, a portion of the retreating enemy having 
escaped through the corn-fields and ravines contiguous to the vil- 
lage, and the army of reinforcements having also fled rapidly to- 
wards that city. At a hacienda, about half way between Contreras 
and San Angel, the rifles exchanged a few shots with the enemy. 
Upon reaching San Angel, it was discovered that the enemy had 



[1] 



76 



made a temporary stand; the rifles were ordered to 'deploy to the ^ 
left of the road and advance upon the town; they soon gained a 
large stone house, crowded its parapets,' and entered the place 
through its doors and windows, and were thus enabled to fire upon j 
the retreating enemy. In a few minutes more we were in posses- ; 
sion of the first town in the vicinity of Mexico. Continuing 
through the San Angel, I received an order to halt at a painty which 
opened into the village of San Catharine; remaining in this posi- 
tion near an hour, I was ordered to move on; passed through San 
Catharine, and were again fired upon from a church contiguous to 
the fortified position; a running fire here ensued, which resulted 
in the capture of several prisoners, the remainder of the enemy 
having fled under their cannon at Churubusco. 

From this point the regiment was ordered by General Scott to 
support a reconnoitring party that was sent in the direction of the 
San Antonio road. Having marched upon this road for some time, 
we came upon the division of General Worth at the time cross- 
ing the road we were upon, and marchingin the direction of Mexi- 
co. The reconnoitring party'returning, I had just ordered a coun- 
termarch, when a tremenduous fire opened in the direction of Gene- 
ral Twigg's division. J moved rapidly in that direction, being 
compelled to retrace our steps to the point from which we marched, 
which we reached in the course of an hour. I reported to General 
Twiggs and waited orders. In a short time -my regiment was or- 
dered to the left of the whole array to support General Pierce. 
Just as the regiment reached the extreme left, the enemy com- 
menced a rapid and precipitous retreat. The extraordinary exer-' G 
tions made on both days by the oflficers and men of the regiment of ' 
mounted riflemen deserves, and will receive, the consideration of ' 
their country. 

To Captains Sanderson, Backenstoss, Porter, Lieutenants Hatch 
and Granger, in defending their positions in front of the enemy's 
lines on the evening of the 19th, and the extraordinary exertions 
they made to join their regiments on the morning of the 20th, which 
they succeeded in doing with others in time to participate in the 
victory of Contreras, deserve the highest commendation. Lieuten- 
ant Hatch is particularly spoken of by all in terms of praise. Cap- 
tain Crittenden, Lieutenants Van Buren, McLane and Gibbs, have 
won for themselves the admiration of all. The gallant bearing of 
these officers, at the head of their men, in the charge upon the 
works at Contreras, their previous and subsequent good conduct, 
deserve the highest consideration. 

The surgeon of the regiment. Dr. Suter, deserves the highest 
praise for his untiring exertion in behalf, not only of the wounded f 
of his own regiment, but of the army at large. 

Of the adjutant of the regiment. Lieutenant Palmer, I cannot 
speak too highly. His appropriate duties, exposed as he was upon 
both days to the enemy's fire, were executed with energy and plea- 
sure; and at the storming of the enemy's works at Contreras, he 
was among the first to lead, encouraging his regiment by his exam- 



77 [ 1 ] 

• 

pie. I would most respectfully recommend him to your favorable 
consideration. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. W. LORING, 
Major Commanding Regiment Mounted Riflemen. 
To Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, Aid-de-Camp. 



Head-quaeters, 1st Regiment Artillery, 

1st Brigade, 2d Division, Army of Invasion, 

San Jlngel, Mexico^ August 23, 1847. 

Sir: Agreeably to instructions from the head-quarters of the 
brigade of this date, I have the honor to submit the following re- 
port of the operations of the five companies of the first reoiment 
of artiilery under my command, in the battle of Contreras, on the 
I9lh and 20th August, 1847: 

On the afternoon of the 19th instant, the first artillery vsrere en- 
gaged, in common with the rest of your brigade, in supporting Cap- 
lain Magruder's battery;. after which, it passed with the brigade 
to the left and rear of the enemy. Here I v/as ordered by you to 
post the regiment in the garden of a hacienda, and defend the road 
leading to Mexico. Near dusk two large columns of infantry came 
down the road from the enemy's fixed battery, apparently with the 
intention of passing to our rear. An officer, who appeared to be 
the commander, came much within musket range, before he dis- 
covered my position, when the two columns retreated. Immediately 
after, the enemy threw a shell and a round shot into the garden 
without effect. During the night we captured two of the enemy's 
pickets, one of cavalry, the other of infantry — killed one man and 
one horse, besides capturing several Mexicans who attempted to 
pass the road. I think I delivered to General Shields fourteen or 
fifteen prisoners, y^bout half past one o'clock, a. m., the regiment 
commenced to •file out of the garden to join the brigade at the 
church; but owing to the darkness of the night, and the almost im- 
practicability of the road, in consequence of the heavy rain, it was 
not able to cross the ravine and get to its position until after 3 
o'clock. At the church it joined the brigade and marched to attack 
the enemy's batteries. 

At the charge ordered by you at Contreras, Captain Winder's 
company, having a much easier position to cross the ravii;e, was 
on the hill and in pursuit of the enemy a little in advance of the 
other portions of the regiment. He informed me that he came 
within half musket range, and poured a destructive fire upon them 
in their flight. 

The loss of the battalion in this action was two privates killed 
and one commi sioned officer, one non-commissioned officer, and 
two privates wounded — making a total of two killed and four 
wounded. The strength of the battalion was twelve officers and 
two hundred and nineteen non-commissioned officers and privates. 

Lieutenant Grafton joined Captain Winder's company when the 



[ 1 ] 78 

« 

brigade moved from Captain Magruder's battery, and remained with 
it until after the battle of Contreras. 

Previous to the regiment passing to the rear of the enemy, Lieu- 
tenant Haskin, with one non-commissioned officer and twenty pri- 
vates, was detached from the battalion and joined Captain Magru- 
der's battery, with which they served until after the battle of Chu- 
rubusco. 

Accompanying this is a detailed report of the killed and wounded 
in the battle of Contreras. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, 

J. DTMMICK, 
Brevet Maj. \st Artillery^ commanding \st Reg. Artillery. 

To Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, 

Jl. D. C. 1st Brig.y 2d Div. Regulars^ San Angel, Mexico. 



Head-quarterSj 1st Artillery, 1st Brigade, 

2d Division, Army of Invasion, 
San Angel, Mexico, August 23, 1847. 

Sir: Agreeably to instructions from the head-quarters of the 
brigade, I have the honor to submit the following report of the op- 
erations of the five companies of the 1st regiment of artillery 
under my command, in the battle of Churubusco on the 20th of 
August, 1847. 

Immediately after the repulse of the enemy at Contreras, the 
battalion marched with the division on the route to Churubusco. 
Several companies, at different times on the march, were detached as 
skirmishers. About 12 o'clock, m., the battalion was ordered to 
attack the position of the enemy at the church, reported by the en- 
gineers at the time to have but one piece of artillery. The point 
of attack selected by the senior engineer officer was. masked by a 
corn-field, in front of which I deployed the battalion and ordered 
it to advance, when almost instantly a shower of musketry, grape, 
and round shot poured upon us, under which the battalion advanced 
through the field to a lane. When I discovered that the right had 
advanced to within one hundred yards of a regular bastion front, 
the curtain of which had four pieces in embrasure, besides nearly a 
thousand infantry, both of which kept up such a constant stream of 
fire' that I could not advance further in line; I therefore ordered 
the men to cover themselves as well as possible. The left of the 
battalion advanced to within seventy yards of the work, being ex- 
posed to the fire of two pieces of artillery, en barbette, in addition 
to the fir'e of a considerable force of infantry, and some of them 
still nearer, so that they had a destructive fire on the cannoniers 
and infantry; which position the battalion maintained until the 
enemy were driven from their guns and bastion, when they were 
followed into their work, and surrendered. The third regiment of 



79 [1] 

infantry came to our support, and were deployed on our left, when 
the two regiments became intermingled ; the officers and men of the 
two regiments entering the fort together, except that Captain 
Smith of the 3d was the first officer in the fort, and that Lieutenant 
Brannan (adjutant) and Lieutenant Seymour, 1st artillery, were the 
next officers that entered. 

I beg leave to call the attention of the general commanding the 
brigade to the gallant and daring conduct of the regiment generally, 
in advancing so near the enemy under so tremendous and incessant 
a fire, and particularly to that of the officers: Captain Nauman, 
commanding the right company, whose subaltern (Lieutenant Hoff- 
man) was killed ; Captain Burke, commanding the second, who, 
with his 1st s'ergeant were killed — the latter with five wounds; 
Captain Capron, commanding the third, who was likewise killed on 
the same line ,• Captain Hathaway, commanding the fourth, and Cap- 
tain Winder, commanding the fifth, both of which latter companies 
were engaged within 70 yards of the works. The fire of these two 
companies was very destructive upon the enemy, and tended in a 
great measure to drive the cannoniers from their pieces. Lieuten- 
ant Coppee, of Captain Burke's company, was in advance with 
Lieutenant Hoffman when the latter fell. On the death of Captain 
Capron, the com and of company B devolved on Lieutenant Gibson. 
To Lieutenant and Adjutant Brannan I feel much indebted, for his 
efficient aid in the rapid deployment of the regiment in this action, 
and also on the 19th and morning of the 20th at the battle of Con- 
treras. 

The loss of the battalion in this action was three officers, one 
non-commissioned officer, and four privates killed, twelve wounded, 
and one private missing — making a total of eight killed and thir- 
teen wounded and missing. The strength of the battalion was 
eleven officers and two hundred and seventeen non-commissioned of- 
ficers and privates. 

I would call to the notice of the commanding general of the bri- 
gade the untiring attention of assistant surgeon H. H. Steiner to 
the wounded, both of our army and that of the enemy. He deserves 
the highest reward for his unceasing exertions to alleviate their 
sufferings. 

Accompanying this is a detailed report of the killed and. wounded 
in the battle of Churubusco. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. DIMMICK, 
Brevet Maj. \st Artillery^ Com^g 1st Regiment Artillery, 
Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, A. D. C. 

1st Brigade 2d Division of Regulars. 



Head-q^jarters, 3d Infantry, 
Sail Angel, August 24, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to submit, for the consideration of the 



[1] 



80 



commanding general of the brigade, the following report of the 
operations of the 3d infantry on the 19th and 20th instant : 

On the morning of the 19thj the 3d infantry, composing a part of 
the 1st brigade of the 2d division, marched from San Augustine in 
pursuance of general orders No. — of that date. We had proceed- 
ed on our route about two miles when a considerable Mexican force, 
strong in artillery and cavalry, was seen strongly posted, about 
twelve hundred yards to the left of the little village of Contreras. 
The position was a gentle and open slope, terminated towards us, 
and about three hundred yards in front of the enemy's line, by a 
deep ravine, impassable in most places for any but footmen. The 
position was rendered still stronger by the nature of t-he ground on 
our side of the ravine, it being for a distance of some six hundred 
yards so rocky and broken as to be extremely difficult for any kind 
of troops. 

In the first dispositions for attack, the 3d infantry was posted on 
the left of the brigade in front of, and about eight hundred or a 
thousand yards from, the Mexican line. In getting into this posi- 
tion the regiment was exposed to a very severe fire of heavy artil- 
lery, from which it sustained some loss in killed and wounded. It 
may be properly mentioned here, that about the time of making 
this movement by direction of the commanding general of the bri- 
gade, I detached three companies of my regiment to support Cap- 
tain Magruder's field battery, which was about being brought into 
action. These companies were Captain Craig's company A, Cap- 
tain Chandler's company I, and company E, under the command of 
Lieutenant Richardson, the whole under the command of Cap- 
tain Craig. They did not join the regiment again until after 
the enemy had been routed at Contreras, but it will be seen that 
they performed valuable service while detached, and that in some 
measure they participated in the attack on that place. 

For some reason, of which I am not informed, it was deemed ex- 
pedient to change the point of attack, and accordingly the brigade 
moved to the right, crossed the ravine above described, and took 
position in the village of Contreras ; the 3d infantry being formed 
on the right of the line just without and to the right of the village, 
and facing from the ravine. In the meantime, large Mexican rein- 
forcements, of infantry and cavalry were seen approaching from the 
city of Mexico ; on their arrival, they formed line of battle about 
five or six hundred yards to our front. This line was afterwards 
reinforced by a small battery, probably of two pieces, which were 
posted on their left about opposite my regiment ; and from which 
some three or four discharges were fired at it, but without doing 
any harm. About this time night came on, and soon after dark the 
regiment was withdrawn to a church within the village, the yard of 
which we occupied until the following morning. 

The brevet brigadier general commanding having determined 
upon attacking the first Mexican position early the following morn- 
ing, the command was in motion at 3 o'clock to reach the rear of 
the enemy's J but owing to the difficulties of the road, made still 



81 [1] 

worse by the rain which had been falling incessantly during the night, 
it did not get into position until about sun rise. 

I availed myself of the delays on the march to have the arms of 
the men well examined, and, when necessary, the loads drawn and 
fresh ones put in. Our route took us obliquely past the enemy's 
left, about eight hundred yards from it, and we were partially 
screened from its view by a low ridge of ground. Our apDroach 
was, however, di^roveredj and, as we filed past, a large body of his 
cavalry drevv up in line on his left flank. About the lime the 3d 
infantry arrived -oppposite this point, the leading brigade had com- 
menced the attack oa the enemy's rear. This drew his cavalry from 
the position it had taken. The brevet brigadier general command- 
ing immediately ordered the 1st artillery and 3d infantry to face to 
the leiVj and attack the enemy's left flank. The order was executed 
v/ith the greatest promptness and spirit, and the attack was entirely 
successful tit all points, the enemy being routed with great loss. 
After our victory, some little time Vvas taken up in securing pris- 
oners, &c., and as soon as those matters were aUended to, the reo-i- 
ment marched with the balance of the brigade for San Angel, on 
the road to Mexico. 

It may be proper for me here to recur to the operations of the 
three absent companies under Captain Craig. Very early on the 
morning of the 20th, Captain Craig received informal instructions 
lO dispose his force so as to create a diversion in favor of the attack 
about to be made. It is probable that other troops were directed to 
take part in this diversion, but it wasnot so expressed by Captain 
Craig; and at the p.vlnt at which he was stationed (directly in front 
of the enemy's line) only his detachment and a portion of the rifle 
regiment v/ere concerned in it. During the previous night a body 
of 4;he enemy had taken possession of a mud house on the edo-e of 
the ravine, in front of Captain Craig's position. Capt. Craio- made 
his dispositions to attack this party, and as soon as he discovered 
that the main attack had commenced, or was about to commence, he 
charged the house, killing^several of the enemy and takino- some 
thirty prisoners. This movement drew a heavy fire from the Mexi- 
can batteries upon his command, by which it suffered some loss. ' 

Captain Chandler here received a contusion on the head — fortu- 
nately not very serious, although it stunned him for some time. 
Captain Craig immediately crossed the ravine with his detachment 
and rejoined the regiment during the short halt at this place — (San 
Angel.) 

Wc had not been here very long when a large Mexican force was 
aeen in motion in our front, and a few minutes afterwards troops 
again advanced. On arriving near Churubusco, the Mexicans were 
perceived to be in possession of that place ; and as our column 
moved forward, a very heavy fire of musketry and artillery, which 
they poured into its advance, discovered them to be in great force. 
But little information could be obtained of their position, which 
•was entirely screened by large fields of corn and other obstacles. 
Only one body, occupying a large stone building, could be discor-- 
6 



[1] 



82 



ered. The rifle regiment and the 1st artillery having been advanced 
and brought into action, left the 3d infantry in front of the main 
column. It was halted some two hundred and fifty or three hun- 
dred yards from the building seen to be occupied by the enemy, and 
on the road which passes about two hundred yards to the right of 
that building. Between this building and the point at which the 3d 
infantry was halted, and running obliquely from the road, was an 
irregular and broken line of small mud houses, some of them being 
as near as sixty or seventy yards from the enemy's position. On an 
intimation from General Smith, commanding the brigade, to bring 
the 3d infantry into action, it was moved forward, and occupied this 
line, from which the regiment poured in a brisk and effective fire 
upon the enemy, who was not, until now, discovered to be strongly 
• entrenched. The regiment was hotly engaged for, I thinky about 
an hour and a half, at the end of wljich time the enemy's position 
"was carried by a charge. In this closing scene of the fi.ght, it was 
the good fortune of my regiment to be the first to cross the enemy's 
lines and display, its colors upon his walls. The regiment occupied 
that position until the folloAving day, when it was assigned to qua- 
ters in this place. I could not find terms too strong to express my 
approbation of the conduct of my regiment in the operations and 
engagera-ents of the 19th and 20th; and as the regiment, during the 
greater part of the time, was immediately under the eye of the gen- 
eral commanding the brigade, I feel sure that he will understand how 
difficult it is for me to discriminate in the conduct of my officersj 
when all were uniformly gallant. I cannot, however, omit to men- 
tion Captain Craig, an officer as habitually gallant in action as he 
is zealous and untiring in the discharge of his public duties general- 
ly. He received a severe wound in the action at Churubusco. Cap- 
tain Van Home, on duty as field officer, was active, under all cir- 
cumstances, in the discharge of his duties, and rendered me valuable 
assistance on both days; and I would also call your particular atteji- 
tion to 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant D. C. Euell, who, as in all 
other engagements, was foremost in these two actions, rendered me 
invaluable services in carrying my orders, and I regret to say, that 
■while this gallant officer was charging the enemy's works at Chu- 
Tubusco he received a severe wound. 

In closing my report, it gives me great pleasure to add, that our 
wounded received, through our assistant surgeon, Dr. Keeneyj 
every relief which skill and unwearied attention could insure. 

Respectfully submitt«d. 

E. B. ALEXANDER, 
Captain Commanding Regiment. 

Note. — Enclosed herewith are a return of killed and wounded, 
and Captain Craig's report. 

E. B. A. 
Brevet Brigadier General Smith, 

Commanding \st Brigade, 2d Biv. »/ Regulars. 



83 [1] 

San Angel, August 21 j 1847. 
Sir: Agreeably to instructions received from you on the morning 
of the 19th, opposite the enemy's works at El Contrario, I repaired 
with three companies (A, E and I) of the 3d infantry, numbering 
five officers and about one hundred men, to support Captain Mao-ru- 
der's light battery, which had taken position at about eight hundred 
yards from the enemy's works. On my reaching the battery, I in- 
formed Captain Magruder that I had been ordered there for the pur- 
pose of supporting his battery. The captain then requested me to 
make such a disposition of my command as I thought best, for sup- 
porting him, which I did, by placing them a short distance in front. 
In this position we remained for the day, the enemy's batteries 
keeping up a constant fire upon Captain Magruder's battery, which 
was so much cut up as not to be able to do much execution, but 
fired through the day whenever an opportunity offered for annoying 
the enemy. A short time after dark, Lieutenant Fitzgerald, of the 
6th infantry, aid-de-camp to General Tierce, reported to me that a 
portion of that brigade were in a house a short distance in front of 
me, and surrounded by the enemy. I immediately consulted with 
Captain Magruder as to the propriety of taking a portion of my 
command to their relief j and, on being informed that one company 
would be sufficient to protect the battery, proceeded with two com- 
panies (A and E) to their relief. On approaching the house, I dis- 
covered that it was occupied by Mexicans, who at the first fire de- 
serted it. After an examination of the premises, I found three 
wounded Americans, who were taken to the battery. On this occa- 
sion one Mexican was killed. After my return to the battery 
Captain Magruder informed me that he had received orders to re- 
tire with his battery out of range of the enemy's shot, and that he 
wnshed me to bring up the rear with my command. We left at a late 
hour, and owing to the darkness of the night and bad state of the 
road (it having rained all night) we progressed but a short distance 
before daylight overtook us. A short time after daylight, we met 
the 9th regiment advancing, and I was informed by an officer, whom 
I took to be a field officer, that my command was to, return and 
take up a position near the enemy's v»-orks, to make a diversion in 
favor of the assaulting party. Owing to the bad state of the road 
many of my men were detached from their companies, assistino- the 
batteries, and some time elapsed before the order to return was 
<;ommunicated, and I regret that the order did not reach a portion 
under the command of Lieutenant Wilkins. I returned and took up 
my former poskion, and ordered my mento wipe out their o-uns and 
reload them. On reconnoitring, I found "a large body of Mexican* 
occupying the same house I had driven them from the night before. 
I then determined, as soon as I found the storming army approach- 
ing the opposite side of the enemy's works, to open a fire upon those 
that occupied the house, thinking it might, in addition to driving 
them from it, draw the fire from their batteries, which I succeeded 
in doing. After firing a few rounds, we charged down upon th« 
house, accompanied by a detachment of the rifleii. We drort tli* 



[1] 



84 



enemy from the house, pursued them down the rarine below the 
work, killing a great number and capturing some twenty-eight or 
thirty of them. After turning over the prisoners I had captured, I 
joined my regiment at San Angel. 

In concluding this report, I cannot speak too highly of the con- 
duct of Captain Chandler, commanding company I; Lieutenant 
Richardson, commanding company E; Lieutenant Scuroeder, com- 
manding company A; Lieutenant Wilkins, Lieutenant Whistler, and 
the non-commissioned oflicers and soldiers under my command. 
Respectfully submitted. 

L. S. CRAIG, 
Captain 2>d Infantry ^ com' g detail of 3d Infantry. 
Lieutenant Bowman, 

Acting Adjutant J 3d Infantry. 

Note. — Captain D. T. Chandler was slightly bruised by a stone, 
which was thrown by the explosion of a shell. Total killed, 2; 
wounded, 9. 



Head-quarters Second Brigade, 

San Angel, August 24, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report, for the information of the briga- 
dier general commanding the division, the operations of my brigade 
in the conflict with the enemy, in advance of the village of San Ge- 
ronimo, on the afternoon of the 19th, and in the attack upon the 
fortified convent of Churubusco ca the 20th instant. Early in the 
afternoon of the 19th, I received, through you, his instructions to 
move with my brigade to the right 'and occupy the village of San 
Geronimo, for the purpose of cutting oiF the retreat of the enejny 
when driven from his works at Contreras, v/hich were soon to be 
stormed by cur troops. 

My brigade, with its right in front, was accordingly moved in 
that direction until the rear of the village was gained. Immediately 
after passing the ravine on the left of the village, the advanced 
company of the 4th artillery, Captain Drum, deployed as skirmish- 
ers, becsrae engaged with a body of lancers, who were imme- 
diately driven, with the loss of an officer and several men. 

The brigade continued its march until the head reached the ra- 
Yine on the right of the village, across which Drum's skirmishers 
were thrown, encountering and dispersing a second body of lancers. 

The brigade was immediately formed in line fo/ the purppse of 
sweeping through the village, but finding it impopsible, from the 
closeness of the hedges and orchards,, to move through in that or- 
der, I directed that it should pass through by battalioas, the head 
of each being covered by a company of skirmishers, and that the 
line should again be formed on the 'opposite side. In consequence 
of the difficulties in the way, this movement could not be made si- 
multaneously, and the 2d Infantry reached the front of the village 
considerably in advance of the 4th artillery and 7th infantry. 

A company of the 2d, commanded by Captain Wessels, covering 



85 [ 1 ] 

a reconnoissance by Captain Canby in the direction of the enemy's 
-works at Contreras, and further to the right the skirmishers under 
Captain Casey, became engaged with considerable bodies of lancers. 
That opposed to the first was immediately driven from its position, 
and a charge against the latter was gallantly repulsed. ■ Captain 
Wessels was directed to retain his position, and to observe and re- 
port any movement of the enemy from his intrenchments. Observ- 
ing that the enemy's lancers were still in force on our right, I or- 
dered the 2d infantry to move against them. Their movement was 
immediately followed by the greater portion of the 7th, under 
Lieutenant Colonel Plympton. 

Their force, greatly superior in number and supported by a heavy 
fire of artillery from the work at Contreras, was repeatedly repuls- 
ed, and eventually driven from its own ground with a severe loss 
in officers and men. Apprehending no further trouble from this 
quarter, the brigade was established in a ravine covered from the 
fire of the enemy's artillery, and held in that position for some 
time, in the expectation of an attack upon the enemy's intrench- 
ments at Contreras. 

Finding that no attack would be made, and that my right flank 
and rear were threatened by an overwhelming force, I determined 
to move into the village and open a communication with our troops 
in the rear. This movement, commenced on the right of the bri- 
gade, was ably and gallantly covered by a battalion of the 7th in- 
fantry, commanded by Captain Hanson. On reaching the village, 
I found and reported to Brigadier General Smith, who, with his 
command, had reached it a few minutes before me. 

In approaching the village of Churubusco on the 20th, and soon 
after the attack upon that place commenced, I received the order 
of the brigadier general commanding to make an attack with my 
"brigade (2d and 7th infantry) — the 4th artillery had previously been 
detached — upon the right flank of the enemy's position. The po- 
sition to be occupied by my command was verbally designated by 
an engineer oflicer and pointed out by yourself. 

I accordingly moved with my brigade to the point indicated, and 
advanced in a line parallel to the front I was ordered to attack. At 
the point from which this advance was commenced, a staff officer 
was left to communicate to the commander of the 7th infantry my 
instructions to form his regiment in rear, as a support for the 2d. 

The position and force of the enemy was completely masked by 
a dense growth of corn, upon emerging from which my command 
became exposed to a destructive fire from the enemy's battery from 
the walls of the convent, and from his infantry in front and to the 
right (our left) of his position, and also to the fire of a portion of 
the 1st brigade engaged in front of the work, and on a line perpen- 
dicular to my own. 

My command was immediately ordered to put itself under cover 
and to gain a position further to our left, from which, with less ex- 
posure, the enemy's fire could be turned with greater effect. A 
staff officer was at the same moment sent to order the 7th infantry 
from its position in reserve to the support of the 2d. The 7th "was 



[1] 



86 



not found in the position I supposed it to occupy. The orders of 
the brigadier general commanding, halting it on the road, had not 
reached me, and although when found brought up by its commander 
with the utmost promptness and gallantry, a considerable length of 
time elapsed before it could reach the position originally assigned 
it. At this point it was halted by Captain Canby, until he could 
communicate with me and receive my orders for its disposition. 
Orders were immediately afterwards sent to move to the left and 
join the 2d infantry, but did not reach the regiment until the com- 
bat was terminated. 

In the interval, a small part of the 2d infantry, misapprehending 
the order to move to the left, had retired and v>'as for a short time 
out of action. Being speedily advised by the active exertions of 
my staff officers of this misapprehension, they promptly regained 
their positions in the line. The commander of one of those compa- 
nies, (Captain J. W. Anderson,) gallant and chivalrous in every 
feeling, fell at the head of his company, nobly leading it a second 
time into action. 

From the closeness of the corn, which entirely concealed objects 
but a few paces distant, and the early fall of several officers, my 
command unavoidably became much separated; but, notwithstand- 
ing this disadvantage, continued the fight with the most obstinate 
gallantry. The head of one company, with its young and gallant 
commander, were swept away by a single discharge. The com- 
mander of another (Captain J. K. Smith) v,^as twice severely wounded, 
and with a single exception, all the men immediately around him 
were shot down. A desperate sally made at this point was momen- 
tarily successful, but was speedily repulsed by the fire from other 
points of the line. On the extreme left, Captain Casey, with his 
own and the color company, (Captain Wessel's,) gained a position 
from which he poured a destructive fire upon the enemy's infantry 
in rear of the main work. 

Desperate sallies from the convent were repeatedly repulsed by 
inferior numbers^ and the enemy, yielding his ground with the ut- 
most obstinacy, was eventually driven from this position, and the 
colors of the 2d infantry planted in the road in rear of the work, at 
the same moment that the cheering from the front announced its 

fall. 

Our joy in these successes is clouded by deep grief for the losses 
we have sustained, independent of the regiments of my brigade, the 
most serious of which have been referred to in another report. The 
regiment I have for years had the honor to command has suffered 
severely. 'First among these, is the death of Captain Anderson — 
distinguished by his gallantry, and slightly wounded in the con- 
flict at San Geronimo; still more distinguished in the assault upon 
Contreras, he fell mortally wounded while gallantly leading his 
company in the attack upon Churubusco. For several years my 
adjutant, I was closely connected with him by the associations of 
duty and the more intimate ties of friendship. Tt is, with the pro- 
foundest grief that I speak to you of his death. Lieutenant Easby, 
a young ©•fficer of great promise and the most daring gallantry, also 



87 [ 1 ] 

fell in this attack at the head of his company. In the death of 
these accomplished officers the 2d infantry has sustained a loss that 
will be felt for years, and the service and our country one of the 
deepest character. Captain J. K. Smith was twice severally wound- 
ed. Lieutenant Lovell, wounded slightly at San Geronimo, was 
again wounded at Cherubusco, and for a short time disabled. Lieu- 
tenant Gardner was once slightly, and once severely wounded. 

The lossin the brigade in the operations of the 19th at San Ge- 
ronimo, was one wounded in the 4th artillery, twelve in killed and 
wounded in the 2d infantry ; among the latter, Captains Anderson, 
and Lovell slightly, and one wounded (Lieutenant Humber) in the 
7th infantry. 

The conduct of my command in the operations of both days was 
characterized by great coolness and steadiness when exposed to the 
heavy fire of the enemy, and by the utmost gallantry when closely 
engaged. Officers and men were active and zealous in the perform- 
ance of their appropriate dutfes, and, in bestowing upon them the 
highest praise in my power, I feel that they receive much less than 
is merited. 

Lieutenant Colonel Plympton, 7th infantry. Major Gardner and 
Brevet Major Brown, 4th artillery, and Major Bainbridge, 7th in- 
-f an try, for active gallantry and efficient service on the afternoon of 
•the 19th and morning of the 20th ; Captains Morris and Kingsbury, 
the commander and acting major of the 2d infantry, for active and 
important services at Contreras and Churubusco ; Captains Smith, 
Casey, and Wessels, 2d infantry, for being actively and gallantly 
engaged in three successive conflicts with the'eftemy, and Captain 
Drum and Lieutenant Benjamin, 4th artillery, for important and 
gallant services on the afternoon of the 19th and morning of the 
^Oth, merit the especial notice of the commanding general and of 
the government. Lieutenant Brooks, acting assistant adjutant gen- 
eral of the division, accompanied my command on the afternoon of 
the 19th and rendered important services. Lieutenant Tower, of. 
the engineers, a volunteer aid in the operations of that day, wa^ 
extremely useful and active in making reconnoissances and in com- 
municating orders. His highly gallant and valuable services on the 
morning of the 20th are mentioned in another report, and will, I 
trust, be adequately rewarded. 

Captain Canby, assistant adjutant general, at all times active and 
zealous in the performance of his duties, was actively and con- 
stantly engaged in all the operations of the 19th and 20th, in mak- 
ing reconnoissances, in conducting detachments, or in the communi- 
cation of orders. His services were of the most important and 
gallant character, and, in again recommending him to the favorable 
notice of the government,! do it with the strong hope that his ser- 
vices will not p!5ss unrewarded. Lieutenant Hay den, aid-de-camp, 
was present in all the operations of the 19th and 20th, and deserves 
my special commendation for the zeal and gallantry displayed la 
the execution of his duties. In naming these officers, I have se-^ 
lected those only who were isolated by position or by peculiar cir- 
cumstances. For the many other instances — and there we^e many — 



11] 



88 



of gallant and important services relidered bj the officers of ray 
command, I respectfully refer to the recommendation made by 
subordinate commanders, whose reports are herewith submitted^ 
and hope that the general commanding will receive them as my 
own. 

A sketch exhibiting the operations of my brigade is now in pre- 
paration, and will be submitted as soon as completed. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient ser- 
vant, 

B. PvILEY, 
Brevet Colonel j commanding 2d Regiment. 
Lieutenant W. T. H. Brooks, 

A. A. A. General^ head-quarters^ 2d division. 



Head-quarters, 2d Brigade, 2d Division of Regulars, 

San Angela August 24, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to submit for the information of the bri- 
gadier general, commanding at San Geronimo, on the 19th and 20th 
instants, the following reports of the operations of my brigade, 
in the assault upon the enemy's intrenched position at Contreras, 
on the morning of the 20th. 

In the course of the evening of the 19th, I received his instruc- 
tions to prepare the 2d brigade, supported by the 1st, to surprise 
and storm the enemy's position on the heights above, before day- 
break on the following morning. In accordance with these in- 
structions, at 2 o'clock on the morning of the 20th, my instructions 
"were personally communicated to battalion commanders. The bri- 
gade was immediately afterwards formed, and the march commenced 
a little before 3 o'clock. 

The head of my command was guided by Lieutenant Tower, en- 
gineers, v,7ho had previously been ordered to report to me, accom- 
panied by Captain Canby, A. A. G. 

The intricacy of the path that we traversed, and the difficulties to 
be overcome, much increased by the darkness of the night, and the 
incessant rain, were so great that the rear of my command did not 
debouch from the village until after daylight. Favored by a light 
fog, which concealed our movements from the enemy, the brigade 
■was conducted by Lieutenant Tower up the ravine, until it gained 
a position entirely in rear of the enemy's work. 

Finding but a small force of lancers upon the plain, and believ- 
ing that the ravines, which, from observations made on the preceding 
day, were known to exist, could be more easily crossed in extended 
than in close order, my dispositions were made for advancing in line 
of battle. A moment before this movement was to have been com- 
menced, I received, through Lieutenant Tower, the instructions of 
the brigadier general commanding, to form two columns of attack. 
This change was made with as much rapidity as possible. The co- 
lumn (of division) on the right, commanded by Major Gardner, was 



89 [ 1 ] 

•omposed of the 4th artillery and three divisions of the 2d infantry; 
that on the left, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Plympton, of 
tvfo divisions of the 2d, and the whole of the 7th infantry. These 
-were immediately put in motion, and after crossing the first ravine, 
the head of each was halted until the divisions, much broken by 
the difficulty of crossing, could be reformed. The second ravine 
was avoided, by making a detour to the right, and the brigade ad- 
vanced rapidly and directly upon the enemy's rear, preceded by 
Captain Canby and Lieutenant Tower, for the purpose of making a 
close reconnoissance of the enemy's position and movements. When 
a few hundred yards from the work, they returned and reported 
that the movement had been discovered, and that a considerable 
force of infantry was moving out to oppose our progress. The 
columns were immediately halted, and the leading divisions of each 
deployed, to cover the ridge by which the enemy's work was ap- 
proached. The rear divisions were held in reserve, and a division 
of the 2d infantry, commanded by Captain Casey, was thrown for- 
ward, ;;ad deployed as skirmishers, to cover the front of the bri- 
gade. As soon as these dispositions were completed, the advance 
was ordered, and the whole line moved forward with the utmost 
intrepidity and enthusiasm, Tlie skirmishers immediately, and soon 
afterwards my whole command, became engaged with the enemy's 
infantry. The fire from this force was returned with rapidity and 
effect, and it was quickly driven into the intrench'ments, rapidly 
followed, under a heavy fire of grape and musketry, by our own 
troops. 

From their position, the advanced division of the 2d infantry, 
commanded by Captain Casey, and that of the 4th artillery, com- 
manded by Captain Drum, were the first to reach and drive the 
enemy from his guns. Two on the left were captured by the for- 
mer, and an equal number on the right by the latter. It was the 
glorious fortune of the 4th artillery to find, that the guns it had 
thus captured were those that months before were lost by that regi- 
ment upon the bloody field of Angostura. Mingling with these, and 
emulating them in a noble gallantry, came the advance of the 7th. 
The colors of three regiments, borne in the thickest of the fight, 
reached the work from different points, and entered it at the same 
moment. 

The conflict in the intrenchments was short, but close and severe; 
the enemy, overpowered at all points, abandoned his guns, his mu- 
nitions of war, his property, and fled in confusion, closely followed 
by the troops of this division and those of General Cadwalader's 
brigade. 

The loss in my brigade in this assault, in killed and wounded, 
was 83. Among the former, it is my painful duty to mention Cap- 
tain Hanson, of the 7th infantry, who fell whilst nobly leading his 
company into action. Gallant, accomplished, his death will be felt 
as a severe loss, not only in his own regiment, but to the service, 
and to his country. Captain Ross, of the 7th, was severely. Cap- 
tain Wessels, of the 2d, slightly, Lieutenant Collins, of the 4th 



[1] 



90 



artillery, severely, and Lientenant Tilden, of the 2d infantry, 
slightly wounded. 

The gallant color-sergeants of the 4th artillery and 2d infantry, 
Goodwin and Daily, conspicuous from their positions and gallant 
bearing, were both killed in the thickest of the batle. The colors 
of those regiments were subsequently borne in the action by Lieu- 
tenant Benjamin, 4th artillery, and Captain Wessels, 2d infantry. 

Of the general conduct of my command I cannot speak in too 
strong terms. Enduring with cheerfulness the suffering of a dreary 
bivouack ; encountering and overcoming with a steady perseverence 
the many obstacles of a night march, on an intricate path, and as- 
saulting with the most enthusiastic gallantry the enemy's strong 
position and immensely superior numbers, it deserves, and I trust 
will receive, higher commendation than is in my power to bestow. 

It is my pleasing duty to add, to that of their immediate com- 
manders, my own testimony of the gallantry and efficiency of the 
advance of the 1st brigade, which, crossing the ravine at a lower 
point, was actively and closely engaged upon my left during the 
assault, and with the remainder of that brigade joined in the pursuit 
beyond the work. 

To the commanders of regiments and their field officers, and to 
the commanders of the columns of attack, my thanks are especially 
due for their promptness in the execution of orders, and the gal- 
lantry and effect with which their respective commands were 
brought into action. 

The 4th artillery was commanded by Major Gardner, with Brevet 
Major Brown its acting major. The 2d infantry, by Captain T. 
Morris, with Captain Kingsbury its acting major. The 7th infantry, 
by Lieutenant Colonel Plympton, with its major, Bainbridge. 

I respectfully call the attention of the brigadier general command- 
ing to the gallantry and efficiency displayed by Lieutenant Tower 
of the engineers, in conducting my brigade from the village of San 
Geronimo to the enemy's work. Active and* indefatigable in his 
exertions, his services were of the most important character, and 
merit especial notice. 

My staff officers. Captain Canby and Lieutenant Hayden, A. D. 
C, were constantly engaged in the performance of their appropriate 
duties, and rendered important services. 

The recommendations made by subordinate commanders, copies 
of whose reports are herewith submitted, are adopted as my own. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient ser- 
rant, 

B. RILEY, 
Brevet Colonel, CommPg 2d Brigade. 

Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, 

A. D. C, fyc.j Head- quarters \st Brigade. 



91 [1] 

Head-quarters, Fourth Artillery, 

Cuyaron, August 23, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report the services of the 4th artillery, 
under my command, on the 19th and 20th instant. 

Forming the right of the 2d brigade of the 2d division of regu- 
lars, it marched with the division from San Augustin, about noon 
on the 19th, with a view to cover the operations of Major General 
Pillow's division. On arriving at the position occupied by the 
latter, on the hill, name unknown to me, but in view of the town, 
it was found that a large force of the .enemy were strongly en- 
trenched on a height to our left. The 2d brigade (the 4th artillery 
at its head) was then detached, and moved over the hill to gain a 
position on the enemy's left, in order both to cut his communica- 
tion with the city of Mexico, and to co-operate with the main force 
in his front, when an impression should be made by it upon his 
strong position. During this movement of a full mile, made over 
volcanic rock, exceedingly rugged and sharp, interspersed with 
deep chasms, and impassable except on foot, we were exposed to a 
severe fire of the enemy's cannon. Y^e passed a deep and difficult 
barrancas-, and then the leading company of the regiment, (G,) 
under Captain Drum, assisted by the gallant Lieut. F. J. Porter, 
were sent forward as skirmishers.^ Having reached the main road 
between the enemy and the city, it encountered a detachment of 
lancers, conducting a mule train, which it quickly dispersed, killing 
four or five of them, and capturing the train. Crossing the road, 
we advanced to the rear of the small village of San Geronimo, and 
came upon a second barrancas, forming the extreme edge or skirt 
of the town, and terminating our march in that direction. Across 
this, however, the company of skirmishers was throv.'n, and again 
encountered a body of lancers, which it also dispersed. The brig- 
ade was then thrown into a line, to advance through and sweep the 
village, the 4th regiment of course on its right. The intricate form 
of the village, embosomed as it is in trees, shrubbery, and corn-fields 
in full growth, and cut up into narrow lanes, bordered throughout 
with the largest growth of aloes, rendered it impossible to preserve 
the lineal formation, and flank movements were for the most part 
substituted. It was, however, thoroughly searched through its 
whole extent, under a heavy fire of the enemy's balls and grape 
shot from his intrenchment now near at hand. 

The regiment, from the causes just stated, had got separated from 
its two companions, the 2d and 7th infantry, but, attracted by their 
fire, it soon rejoined them at the upper extremity of the village, 
nearest the enemy, and continued with them through the remainder 
of the day. General Smith having, just before dark, arrived with 
the 1st brigade and General Cadwalader's force, assumed command, 
and ordered an attack en a large body of the enemy's troops, (artil- 
lery, infantry, and caxalry,) on the hill to the right of the barrancas 
last named, on the skirts of the town, aud opposite to the enemy's 
intrenchments. 

The regiment was formed in readiness for this service, but night, 



[1] ^ 92 

rain, and darkness, having caused the general to abandon this pur- 
pose, we bivouacked in the narrow lanes of the village, without fire 
or shelter, the rain meanwhile pouring throughout the night in tor- 
rents. Thus ended the painful and apparently fruitless operations- 
of the 19th; giving to the enemy the comfortable, though, as it 
proved to him, the delusive hope of having cornered up a division 
of the American forces, ready for his next morning's capture. 

An attack, however, of the most daring character upon the ene- 
my's intrenchments, in the opposite direction, had Ix-en resolved 
upon, and the 2d brigade (Colonel Riley's) had been ordered to make 
it, supported by the residue of the command. At 3 o'clock, next 
morning, it was to be put silently in march for that object;, to enter, 
surprise, and carry them with the bayonet alone. At the appointed 
moment it did march, the 4th artillery leading; but the darkness of 
the night, the flooding rain, the clayey and precipitous nature of 
the ground, and the intricacies of the way, baffled the best inten- 
tions, and daylight appeared before these obstacles could be sur- 
mounted by the rearmost of the brigade. The silent attack having 
failed, the open sunlight assault was substituted; and notwithstand- 
ing the great disparity of force, and the audaciiy of the attempt^ 
was most successfully and gloriously accomplished. Of this exploit^ 
so far as the regiment is concerned, this is the brief account. 

The brigade, under cover of the ravine in which it was now col- 
lected, moved to within some three-quarters of a mile of the rear 
of the intrenchments, and was then formed into column of attack, ■ 
the 4th artillery in front, in double column. In this order it ad- *■ 
vanced until within about 800 paces, crossing one deep barrancas, 
and avoiding another by turning it to the right, when the regiment 
was deployed in line of battle, still holding its position in the lead. 
The order was then given to advance; and, when some fifty yards 
from the place of deployment, was met by the heavy fire of the 
enemy's infantry, threwn forward from the intrenchments. This 
fire was immediately returned by the battalion, which, quickly ad- 
vancing on their line, broke and drove it from its position. Con- 
tinuing steadily to advance, at about 4 or 500 paces from the ene- 
my's works, he opened upon the regiment a severe fire of grape 
from two six-pounders, wliich, however, failed to check its progress. 
It continued to move forward steadily and orderly, keeping up a 
spirited and effective fire on the enemy; and, at the word to charge, 
precipitated itself most gallantly upon his batteries and entrench- 
ments, driving him from them in the utmost confusion. We con- 
tinued the pursuit, with the residue of the troops, through all his 
works, and down the height on -the opposite side, and across the 
bridge, pouring upon him the most destructive fire, until the vic- 
tory was completed by his dispersion, and our possession of all his 
works, artillery, ammunition, &c., and some 1,500 prisoners. 

By the last discharge of grape shot, our brave color-bearer (Ser- 
geant Henry M. Goodwin,) was shot dead; and his flag, which had 
previously been not marred, but honored, by having its dart head 
and tassels successively shot away by the cannon balls of the enemyj 
and a rent made in it by his grape shot, was seized by Lieuten- 



93 [ 1 ] 

ant Benjamin, and by him gallantly borne the first into the enemy's 
works. But. the circumstance which, at this moment gave a thrill 
of joy and pride to the regiment, and has excited the strongest 
feeling of exultation throughout this artny, and no doubt will gra- 
tify the nation no less, is, that the two pieces of canncn which our 
regiment thus encountered and captured, were the identical guns 
which, in the language of the general-in-chief, "were lost by it on 
the field of Buena Vista without dishonor, and were recovered with 
glory." 

To Captain Drum, already mentioned, and his company, is due 
the credit of being the first to enter the woiks, ind place hand on 
these guns. I must be excused for adding, tor the sake of ^he regi- 
ment, heretofore not enough noticed, that the general-in-chief, im- 
mediately after the battle, and on the spot, in a public expression 
of his approbation of, and thanks to, the regiment, promised that 
these guns, with an appropriate inscription to its honor, should be 
given to the regiment in perpetual token of its achievement. 

The loss of the regiment, in killed and wounded, is tkirty-six ; 
and its happy smallness, under circumstances of the greatest appa- 
rent exposure, is attributable to the too high fire of the enemy and 
our nearness to him. 

I now close my report, by the most diflTicult yet most grateful 
duty of calling your attention to the other gallant men who on 
these (lays so nobly sustained th^ character of American soldiers. 
The services of Brevet Major Brown, my acting field officer, always 
efficient, were on this occasion v/orthy of special note. In com- 
mand of the right wing, he skilfully guided it through obstacles 
presented by the broken ground, maintained it in good order, under 
the flank and near fire of the enemy's cavalry below the hill ; in- 
fused into the men the best spirit, and gallantly advanced upon the 
enemy's cannon and works. I take pleasure in commending him 
to your special notice. 

Captain Ridgely, commanding company C, assisted by Lieuten- 
ant Collins, until the latter was wounded; Lieutenant Phelps, com- 
manding company H, supported by Lieutenant DeRussey; Lieuten- 
ant Hill, aided by Lieutenant McJilton, in command of the color 
company, E, which, from that circumstance, probably attracted the 
heaviest fire of the enemy, and suffered by far the greatest loss; 
Lieutenant Benjamin, commanding company D, assisted by Lieu- 
tenant Governeur, and Lieutenant Getty, commanding company 
F, without an assistant ; one and all evinced the most determined 
courage, and exhibited in their respective spheres, the best mili- 
tary talent. 

Lieutenant A. P. Howe, the adjutant, ably and bravely seconded 
by Sergeant Major R. W. Howard, was ever prompt, skilful, and 
energetic, and showed the most exemplary courage and conduct 
during the whole time. To Doctor Cuyler, surgeon of the regiment, 
I offer my thanks for his able services, always marked by his kind- 
ness and humanity. 

The necessary duties of Lieutenant J. P.* McCown, quartermaster 
of the regiment, constrained me to deny his wish to lie in the action, 



[1] 94 m 

and he remained at San Augustin, in the zealous discharge of his 
functions. And, finally, I hare to testify, with pride and pleasure, 
to the indomitable valor of all the non-commissioned officers and 
privates, without an exception. 

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant. 

JOHN L. GARDNER, 
Major 4:th Artillery, commanding. 
Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

Ji. A. General, 2d brigade, 2d division, army near Mexico. 



Head-quarters, 2d Regiment U. S. Infantry, 

Cuyaron, Mexico, August 23, 1847. 

Sir : I have to report the operations of the second regiment of 
infantry, which I had the honor to command, in the recent conflicts 
with the enemy on the 19th and 20ta instant. 

On the 19th instant, about noon, the second division of regulars 5 
marched from San Augustin for the purpose of covering the opera- 
tions t)f the division of Major General Pillow. Upon coming up 
with this division, we found it occupying a height in front of a lield- 
work of the enemy, situated on a hill, known as Contreras. The 
second brigade of the second dij^ision (Riley's) was immediately 
detached and directed to turn the enemy's works to their left, and 
cut ojEF his communication with the city of Mexico. In moving to 
its position, and in passing through the village of San Geronimo, 
which was done by the heads of regiments, the regiment was con- 
stantly fired upon with solid shot and shells from the batteries of 
the enemy; fortunately, however, the trees bordering the lanes af- 
forded us a concealment from their direct view, and we were thus 
enabled to gain a position nearly in open sight of his works, with- 
out loss. Captain Wessels was ordered to accompany Capt. Can- 
hy, assistant adjutant general, on a reconnoissance, and while so 
employed, became engaged with the lancers of the enemy, who 
were immediately driven from their position. 

Captain Casey's company, detached as skirmishers to cover the 
advance of the regiment, was also attacked by lancers. The attack 
commenced by a discharge from escopettes, wounding several of 
our men, and ended in a charge which was firmly withstood and 
gallantly repulsed — a well directed fire from his company levelling 
horses with their riders. Lieut. Steele, for his coolness and gal- 
lantry in this affair, merited and reseived the thanks of his com- 
manding oliicer. The regiment was immediately ordered forward 
to the position occupied by Capt. Casey's company, when, perceiv- 
ing large bodies of the enemy's cavalry approaching towards our 
right and left from the front, and a third body of the same arm ap- 
proaching our rear from the direction of the fort, by order of the 
colonel commanding biigade,a square was formed, supported by an 
interior reserve, commjvnded by Lieut. Lyon. A large body of in- 
fantry and cavalry was about this time discovered approaching 
from the direction of the city of Mexico; yet, netwithstanding this. 



95 [IJ 

the regiment still held its position, coolly awaiting the expected 
charge from the cavalry, now in its immediate ricinity, and ex- 
posed the whole time to a direct fire of shot and shell from the 
batteries at Contreras. 

After awaiting their attack for some time, and the enemy's col- 
umns of infantry still continuing to opproach, the colonel com- 
manding brigade directed the square to be reduced, and the regi- 
ment moved to a stronger position. This position was occupied for 
a short time, when, the enemy not offering to follow up his demon- 
strations of attack, the regiment was ordered to fall back about 
sunset upon the village of San Geronimo for the night. Our loss 
in this affair was one killed and eleven wounded. Among the lat- 
ter, Captain J,. W. Anderson and 1st Lieutenant Lovell, both 
slightly. • 

The regiment laid upon its arms that night, in the lanes of the 
village, exposed to continual rain. About 3 o'clock, on the mor- 
ning of the 20th, our pickets were called in, and we moved with 
the other regiments of our brigade to the assault of the enemy's 
position at Contreras; the brigade being conducted by Captain 
Canby, assistant ailjutant general, and Lieutenant Tower, engineers. 
About daylight we were halted in a ravine, in rear of the position 
to be attacked. The brigade was here formed into two columns of 
attack; the'one on the right composed of the 4th artillery, under 
Major Gardner, in front, with the three first divisions of the 2d in- 
fantry in rear; and the column on the left, composed of the two 
rear divisions of the 2d infantry, in front of the 7th infantry 
commanded by Colonel Plympton. Both columns, under the com- 
mand of the colonel commanding the brigade, advanced steadily 
to the attack — crossing a deep ravine and avoiding another by 
turning it to the rijrht — until within about five hundred yards of 
the enemy's intrenchments, when we were met by a battalion of 
the enemy, throv>^n forward to oppose us. The columns deployed 
promptly, under a heavy fire from the enemy's advance, and a dis- 
charge of grape from his batteries. The command to advance 
was now given, which was promptly and intrepidly obeyed- the 
brigade driving before it the enemy's advance, and, following 
closely after, attacked his main body and drove it from their 
works. The advance of the 2d infantry, with the colors, en- 
tered the enemy's works simultaneously with that of the other 
regiments of the brigade, and participated equally with them in 
capturing the 22 guns, 4 howitzers, sniall arms, and mach ammuni- 
tion, &c., with many horses and mules taken at this place. Captain 
Casey, among the first to enter the works, captured two pieces of 
the enemy's artillery, driving him from them, and them pushed for- 
ward with a detachment of the regiment, accompanied by Captain 
Wesselsand 1st Lieutenant Lyons, and pressed hotly upon the rear 
of the enemy, who soon raised a number of white flags, and their 
surrender was immediately accepted, when about 200 prisoners, 
together with two pieces of artillery, were taken. 

The' color-sergeant, Dennis Daily, manfully bearing himself 
among the foremost, iras shot dead; and Captain Wessels, though 



[1] 



96 



■VTOunded at the same time, gallantly raised the colors and pressed 
on. Captain J. R. Smith, commanding the fifth division of the 
regiment, was with his command among the foremost at the storm- 
ing of the position; aud I would also add, as deserving good men- 
tion on this occasion. Captain Penrose, commanding company I; 
Captain Anderson, commanding company H; 1st Lieutenant Lovell, 
commanding company E; 1st Lieutenant Davidson, commanding 
company F; 2d Lieutenant Easley, commanding company Ii, and 
2d Lieutenant Shureraan, commanding company A. They all par- 
ticipated with much zeal and energy. I would also add, upon the 
authority of Captain Casey, that 2d Lieutenant W. M. Gardner gal- 
lantly pressed forward and was the first at one of the guns, and, to- 
gether with Lieutenants Lyon, Jarvis, and Jones, turned several of 
the pieces upon the retreating enemy, but which, for want of pro- 
per materials, could not be discharged. Lieutenants Tilden, Jones, 
and Davis, respectively in command of separate detachments, se- 
cured each a number of prisoners; Lieutenant Jones, with five or 
six men, taking tw^o Mexican captains and abowt thirty men. 
Captain Kingsbury, the acting major of the regiment, by his ener- 
gy, coolness,. and good judgment, contributed much to the success 
of the regiment on this occasion. Lieutenant Jone^:, the adjutant 
of the regiment, deserves my thanks for his promptness in commu- 
nicating my orders, and for his coolness in action well merits my 
praise. In this conflict, three v/ei^ killed and twenty-three woun- 
ded; among the latter, Captain Wessels and Lieutenant Tilden, 
both slightly. 

After the route of the enemy from the field-work at Contreras, 
the 2d infantry passed on, with other regiments of the second divi- 
sion, in pursuit of the enemy, until halted in the village of Cuya- 
ron. Soon after halting, rapid firing was heard in our front, and 
our division was ordered up to support the first, then engaged in 
an attack upon the tete du pont^ in rear of the convent of Churu- 
buSco. The second xlivision moved forward on the road leading to 
the convent, which was defended im front by a mud fort. In ap- 
proaching this work, the second infantry turned off to the left, and 
passed through a dense corn-field fronting the work, in line of bat- 
tle perpendicular to the road. Shortly, the regiment became warm- 
ly engaged with the enemy; but, owing to the close growth of the 
corn, the m€n in advancing became much separated. Notwithstand- 
ing this disadvantage, and although exposed to the most galling and 
destructive fire of grape and musketry from the work and convent, 
the regiment stood well its ground, and returned with spirit the en- 
my's fire. A portion of the regiment, undc;r Captains Casey and 
Wessels, succeeded in gaining a position within about 150 yards 
in front of the convent, partially protected by a cluster of trees 
and the bank of a stream. A column of several hundred infantry 
was here seen passing out of the front gate of the aonvent, and ad- 
vancing under cover of the corn towards the left flank of the regi- 
ment. This portion of the regiment opened upon them a jdelibe- 
rate fire, and, after a sharp contest, succeeded in driving them back 
into the convent. In a short time, the enemy again made his ap- 



97 [1] 

pearance — rushing out from the convent in columns of infantry, 
and again endeavoring to obtain a position on our flank, but he wag 
again repulsed and driven in. Frequent sallies were also made 
upon other portions of the regiment, in front of the line of works, 
but they were as frequently repulsed. Commanders of companies — ■ 
Captains Smith, Penrose and Anderson, Lieutenants Lovell, David- 
son, Lyon, Schureman and Easley occupied positions to the right of 
Captains Casey and Wessels and their commands — were subjected 
to heavy and destructive fires from the enemy, suffering many and 
severe casualties. Captain J. R. Smith, gallantly contending 
against superior numbers near the works, was twice severely wound- 
ed, but stiil retained his position with but seven men, till all were 
shot around him, save one, who assisted him from the field. Cap- 
tain Andersbn who, throughout the day, had sustained a gallant and 
conspicuous part, was mortally wounded and has since died. Lieu- 
tenant Easley was gallantly charging the enemy's works, with but a 
few men, when this young and promising officer was shot dead. 
Lieutenant Gardner, while in close action near the works, was shot 
in the body, but happily not mortally wounded. Captain Wes- 
sels and Lieutenants Lovell and Tilden, though wounded in the 
previous actions, bore an active part in this, and Lieutenant Lovell 
was again slightly wounded. Captain Kingsbury was als# present 
in this action and rendered efficient service by the cool exercise of 
his judgment. Captain Casey, v/ho had been hotly engaged for 
three-fourths of an hour, perceiving symptoms of a retreat of a 
part of the enemy, immediately pushed forward with the colors of 
the regiment, which was one of the first in the work, followed soon 
after by Captain Wessels, who rendered him every assistance that 
energy, coolness and good judgment could furnish. I here take the 
opportunity of recommending these two officers, together with Cap- 
tain J. R. Smith and First Lieutenant Lyon, to the special jiotice 
of the colonel commjiriding the brigade; and, with respect to the 
other officers of the regiment, I commend them one and all to the 
favorable consi^leration of the brigade commander, for their distin- 
guished services in their several capacities and situation's. 

Surgeon Cu}der, though not attached to my regiment, attracted 
my attention, by his energy and perseverance, in following the bri- 
gade throughout the actions of San Geronimo and Contreras, and 
for his humanity and attention to the wounded of the regiment, re- 
ceives my warmest thanks. ♦ 

To Surgeon T-ripler and Assistant Surgeon Hammond, (the latter 
attached to the 2d infantry,) for their prompt and able attention 'to 
the wounded, and also to Surgeon William J. Barry, of the lith in- 
fantry, who very kindly and seasonably aided in attending to the 
wounded of the battle of the afternoon, are tendered my most sin- 
cere thanks. 

I must not omit to mention that Lieutenant Westcott, the regi- 
mental quartermaster, when it was ascertained that he could accom- 
pany his regiment into action, tendered the resignation of his staff 
appointment, in order that he might join his company; but as his 
services were actually required with the baggage train of the 
7 



[1] 



98 



legiment, I could not accept it. For the promptness with which 
he brought up the supplies, he merits and receives the thanks of 
myself and the regiment. 

A report of the killed and wounded of the regiment was handed 
you yesterday, by which you will perceive that more than one-fifth 
of those engaged in the actions were either killed or wounded. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. MORRIS, 
Captain 2d Infantry^ com'g regiment. 
Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

A. A. Ge7i., 2d brigade^ 2d division, army near Mexico. 



Head-quarters, 7th Infantry, 
August 22, 1847. 

Sir: I hare the honor to report, in compliance with the orders of 
€!o-lonel Riley, commanding 2d brigade, 2d division of regulars, 
that, taking up our line of march from San Augustin on the 19th 
instant, after leaving our baggage, my regiment formed the left of 
the brigjjde. In passing over the ridge, the enemy were discovered 
in our front, and the 2d brigade was ordered to turn the left flank 
of the enemy, who appeared in strong force, with a heavy battery 
of cannon, covered by breast-work on all sides, in addition to ra- 
vines impassable for artillery, and their weaker points guarded by 
columns of cavalry and by infantry well positioned. After cross- 
ing over a very rough volcanic ridge of about a mile in extent, and 
two deep ravines through which rapid streams of water pass, "we 
came upon some of the videttes of the enemy. At this time, th^ 
enemy appeared in strong force about two miles on our rigjit, upon 
Tvhich I received orders to file my regiment by the right flank 
through the village of Santa Magdalen on my left, preparatory to 
forming a line to execute the original plan of attack. In moving 
up a lane by the right flank, we were fired upon by the enemy's 
batteries on our left, and the enemy's cavalry appeared in some force 
in front, about 250 yards on high ground, and opentd an escopette 
fire upon the line, wounding a number of men in the 2d infantry 
just in my front, upon which I immediately filed my regiment to 
the ^ght, out of the lane, and, having formed line, ordered it to 
charge. Having to pass through a deep ravine, tjie companies of 
the left wing became separated. I continued the charge with the 
right wing, as the enemy kept up the attack, until he fled from 
his position with considerable l«ss of ©fficers and men. Finding 
that this body of cavalry were on a rapid retreat to join the main 
body, and the enemy increasing his fire upon me with grape, 
shells and round-shot from the fort, I ordered Adjutant Gardner to 
form the companies in a ravine near by them, descending the hill 
with quickness, united with the left wing, which had been 
formed by Major Bainbridge, to repel a threatened attack oi the 
enemy's cavalry from his right. I immediately formed my regi- 




99 [1] 

inent in a line under a bank fronting the enemy's fort and on the 
left of the 4th artillery, and there met and reported to the colonel 
commanding brigade. 

Lieutenant Humber was wounded in the face by a piece of 
shell, while the left wing was formed in this position, and Lieu- 
tenant Van Bokkelen succeeded to the command of his company. . A 
few minut. s after, I received orders from the colonel commanding^ 
through his assistant adjutant general, Captain Canby, to move my 
regiment by the right flank, and follow the 4th artillery, which 
movement brought us into the streets of the village. My regiment 
being on the left, I detached three companies. Captain Hanson's, 
Captain Henshaw's, and Lieutenant Maxey's, to cover this move- 
ment from a threatened attack of two columns of cavalry. Captain 
Hanson was in command of these three companies and manoeuvred 
them handsomely, gradually withdrawing as the regiment moved 
on, and encouraging the men by his own coolness and firmness. 
The steady firmness maintained by the companies of Captain Hen- 
shaw and Lieutenant Maxey,was highly creditable to those officers, 
both companies being entirely recruits. Halted and bivouacked 
under a heavy fall of rain, which continued all night. About one 
o'clock of the night, I was sent for by the brigade commander, and 
■directed to get my regiment ready to move to a position and charge. 
the enemy's works that morning. Tkis movement commenced be- 
tween two and three o'clock, a. m., and under all the disadvantges 
which can result from a dark rainy night — a rough narrow lane 
closed in on both sides with dense fruit trees, with clay, mud, and 
rocks. From the extreme bad marching, we did not reach our 
position for storming the enemy's works till nearly sunrise. At 
this halt, I was ordered to form my regiment into column, doubled 
at half distance, and received four companies^ of the 2d infantry, 
commanded by Captains Casey and Smith, and Lieutenants Davis 
and Schureman, to equalize my column, which was on the left, with 
that of the right. I moved in this order, being informed that the 
right column would be that of direction, until ascending a height. 
When we were found to be close upon the enemy, my column was 
deployed, and 'the order " charge" repeated with animation, and 
executed with alaprity and with great regularity, under a tremen- 
dous fire of 20 pieces and upwards of artillery, with all kinds of 
shot, and at least 4,000 muskets, contesting every rod with great 
obstinacy. His works were carried, and after pursuing him a mile 
on the road, I received Colonel Riley's orders to collect my regi- 
ment and form it upon the hill, at or near the fort. Lieutenant 
Tyler, being detached from his company when the regiment started 
from its position, gallantly brought it into action with the 3d in- 
fantry, and joined his regiment after the enemy's works were 
carried. 

The colors of the regiment, bravely bo^-ne by -Sergeant Brady,* 
Avere placed on the enemy's breastworks, simultaneously with- the 
colors of the 2d. infantry and 4th artillery, the whole command 
rushing together over the parapdt,, capturing his cannon and ammu- 



t;l ] 100 

nition, and pursuing him into the road, delivering a terrible and 
destructive fire in his rear. The companies commanded by Cap- 
tain Paul, Lieutenant E. K. Smith, and Lieutenant Gantt, pursuing 
the enemy with the main body, captured . a number of prisoners, 
including several officers. • 

I have the honor to forward, herewith, a istandard of the 2d regi- 
ment of the enemy's infantry, captured by private Barnett of 
£ company. The steadiness and bravery of all the men and the 
exiample and coolness shown by their officers are deserving of the 
highest praise. The enemy, vastly superior in numbers, and with 
a large supply of cannon and ammunition, was driven frqm the 
strong position he had selected, greatly strengthened by a fortifica- 
tion, with immense loss. The task of discriminating particular 
gallantry among officers, where each has rendered signal and im- 
portant services, gallantly leading the men and encouraging them 
by examples of bravery, is extremely difficult ; and it is with feel- 
ings of the highest satisfaction that I am able to speak of the uni- 
versal good conduct of the officers and men throughout the whole 
action. As glorious as was the result of the operations on the af- 
ternoon of the lETlh and morning of the 20th, yet the exultation is 
checked by the sincere regret felt at the loss of many gallant mem- 
bers of the 7th infantry. Captain Ross fell severely wounded, ani 
Captain Hanson mortally wounded, while gallantly leading thei: 
companies in the charge, within 100 yards of the enemy's batte 
ries. The death of Captain Hanson, who expired shortly after hi 
fall, has deprived this regiment and the army of a gallant and ac 
complished officer, whose loss will be deplored by all who havi 
ever known him. Lieutenant Henry succeeded to the command o 
Captain Ross's company after his fall, and gallantly led it on t 
the charges. The command of Captain Hanson's company devolve 
upon his sergeant. The regiment moved from its positions on th 
hill with the 2d infantry about 11 o'clock, and, after marching abou 
three miles, was halted in the church yard in the village of Sa 
Angel. Alter a short time, rapid firing of musketry and artiller^, 
was heard in our front, and we were ordered to move on. i^fter 
marching about half a mile, we were halted in the, road, and held 
in reserve a short , distance from the works of the enemy, which 
were then being attacked by other portions of the 2d division, and 
a rapid and incessant firing was heard. After a halt here for a 
short time, my regiment was ordered forward through a corn-field, 
and moved by a flank until it was again halted in a position near 
the enemy's works. A few minutes after, my regin^ent was again 
ordered. to advance, and, moving rapidly by the right flank, arrived 
in the fort of the enemy just as he was surrendering. 

Particular praise is due to Surgeon B. Randall for his zeal in 
following the regiment and attending to the wounded and sick. 
My thanks are also due to Adjutant Gardner for his promtness in 
'executing my orders and' forming the regiment in its diff"erent posi- 
tions. _ . _ 

I have the honor to enclose, herewith, a return of the regiment. 



101 [ 1 J 

showing its strength upon going into action on the 20th instant. 
The return ot killed and wounded has already been sent in. 
I am sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. PLYMPTON, 
Lieutenant Colonel 1th Infantry^ Commanding, 

Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

AssH Adjutant General 2d Brigade^ 

2d Division J army near Mexico. 



MiXCOAC, NEAR THE CiTY OF MeXICO, 

August 23, 1847. 

Sir : In obedience to the orders of the major general, directing^ 
me to report the operations of the battery of light artillery under 
my command on the 19th instant, I have the honor to state that it 
accompanied your division in its flank movement from San Augus- 
tine towards San Angel on the morning of the 19th, and after being^ 
carried by hand up the steep acclivity between the two places, was 
ordered by the major general to the head of the advancing column 
then just 'coming under the fire of the enemy's heavy guns. Hav- 
ing rapidly taken this position, I reported to General Twiggs, and 
was ordered by him to advance towards the enemy's battery. The 
road which it was necessary to follow, in order to place my battery 
sufficiently near to produce effect, was raked for near a mile by the 
enemy, and intersected by natural and artificial obstacles of a se- 
rious nature — the latter being stone walls thrown across it to pre- 
vent our advance. These, however, were soon overcome, and about 
2 o'clock, p. m., the battery was placed in position, in front of the 
enemy's intrenchments, at the distance of about nine hundred 
yards. No cover being found for the pieces, my fire was opened 
from the road, (commanded and raked by the enemy,) and continued 
with great rapidity for about an hour, when First Lieutenant J. P. 
Johnstone, commanding the 1st section, fell mortally wounded by 
an eighteen pound ball. In a few moments. Lieutenant Jackson^ 
commanding the 2d section of the battery, who had opened a fire 
Upon the enemy's works from a position on the right, hearing our 
own fire still farther in front, advanced in handsome style, and be- 
ing assigned by me to the post so gallantly filled by Lieutenant 
Johnstone, kept up the fire with great briskness and effect. Shortly 
after. Lieutenant A. Haskin, 1st artillery, arrived with a reinforce- 
ment of cannoniers, and served with alacrity and skill that portion 
of the battery assigned to him. 

Finding, however, that the battery was exposed to showers of 
grape and cannister from the enemy's large guns, and round shot 
from his 6-pounders, that my men and horses were being rapidly 
wounded, and the battery itself somewhat injured, I listened so far 
•to the solicitations of two gallant officers of engineers to retire, as 
to order the fire to cease, the men to cover themselves, and the caie- 



[ 1 ] 



102 



sons to be removed farther to the rear to diminish the chances of 
explosion. 

In the meantime, Captain Craig,, of the 3d infantry, had reported 
to me with three companies as a support, and was placed entirely 
under cover on my left, but the force under his command was alto- 
gether inadequate to hold the position if the enemy attacked i*t. 

Colonel Riley's brigade had made a flank movement to my right 
in order to turn the enemy's left, and I did not feel myself justified 
in leaving a position by which the enemy could turn Riley's left, 
and thus cut him off from all communication from our army. 

At this juncture, General Smith came up and informed" me that 
he intended to make a movement to the right in the direction of 
Riley's brigade, ordering me at the same time to keep up a rapid 
fire as his column was passing, and to withdraw the battery as his 
last files cleared the road. His order was obeyed, and the fire kept 
up some time after the rear of his brigade had passed. General 
Pierce, who had been thrown from his horse, now came on the 
ground, and I was informed by him that Riley's brigade was in a 
most critical situation, the enemy having appeared in his rear, and 
in force, from towards the city of Mexico. I could not, therefore, 
think of retreating, fearing that a portion of the large force in thai 
fort would come out by the road which I held and engage Smith'sj 
brigade, whilst Riley's was being crushed by the remainder andj 
the reinforcements from the city. I, therefore, ordered my menj 
again under cover and explained my situation to General Pierce,^ 
who, in the kindest manner, offered to reinforce my position with 
one of his regiments, and despatched an order accordingly. Soon 
after, I received an order from Major General Pillow, commanding, 
-through his aid-de-camp, Lieutenant Ripley, directing me to retire 
if I thought 1 was not doing the enemy much damage, but express- 
ing a preference that I should hold my position until night. This 
discretionary order coincided with my own views in every respect, » 
particularly as I was reinforced at that moment by Captain Sander- 
son with 150 rifles, and I felt secure against any force that might 
attempt to dislodge me. At 10 o'clock at night. Colonel Ransom's 
and Colonel Bonham's regiments of Pierce's brigade, which he re- 
called from the right to occupy the position, arrived, and I con- 
sidered myself then at liberty to avail myself of the general's or- 
der. The battery was accordingly withdrawn in a somewhat crip- 
pled state, by the assistance of Captains Craig and Sanderson's 
commands, and placed in a safe position for repairs, which were 
forthwith commenced. 

From 2 o'clock, p. m., until 11 at night, this battery of 6-pound- 
ers held a position within grape-shot range of the enemy's intrench- 
ments, which were furnished with 29 pieces of artillery, among 
them several 18-pounders, and three 8-inch howitzers; and I can 
attribute my comparatively small loss in men and horses only to 
the extraordinary precautions taken by the oflicers to afford them 
cover, for which the ground was favorable, though it was other-« 
wise for the battery. I have felt it my duty to go thus far into 



103 |t] 

detail to show my reasons for not withdrawing the battery at an 
earlier period. 

In the death of Lieutenant Johnstone, the service has .lost a most 
gallant and valuable officer. From the moment he came under the 
enemy's fire, which was at the distance of a mile from the position, 
indicated for our battery, *liis zeal, skill, and perseverance were 
most conspicuous. Overcoming all obstacles, he rapidly placed 
his section in battery, within grape-shot range of the enemy's guns, 
and fell in the gallant discharge of his duty. I should not fulfil 
an obligation to his memory if I failed to cite his conduct as a fine 
example of devotion to his country's service, and a noble illustra- 
tion of the duty of a soldier. 

Lieutenant Jackson's conduct was equally conspicuous through- 
out the whole day, and I cannot too highly commend him to the 
major general's favorable consideration. The wounds of my mea 
were of such a nature as to require the immediate presence of the 
surgeon, Doctor J. M. Steiner. His hospital was, therefore, estab- 
lished near the battery, and he was necessararily much exposed. 
His well known skill was, however, equalled by his coolness and 
devotion. The general's aid, Lieutenant Ripley, being necessarily 
separated from his person, had the kindness to tender me his ser- 
vices during the hottest part of the affair, for which I beg leave to 
offer him my warmest thanks. 

The loss sustained by this battery is as follows: one officer killed, 
one sergeant, and three privates, of company, I, 1st artillery, 
wounded, (two very severely,) one private missing, supposed to 
be wounded, and ten horses killed and wounded, one piece dis- 
mounted — an eighteen-pound ball having carried away the axle- 
tree — another disabled, and one mountain howitzer rendered unfit 
for immediate use, besides many minor injuries to the battery un- 
necessary to mention. The detachment of the 1st artillery, under 
Lieutenant Haskins, having been ordered back to its regiment, I 
cannot, at this moment, ascertain its loss. This officer performed 
his duty in the most efficient and gallant manner, and I recommend 
him also to your favorable notice. 

The company, as well as the detachment of old artillerists, be- 
haved with their usual coolness and energy, in which they were 
closely imitated by the younger -soldiers, whom the general had 
the kindness to furnish me with from his division. 

I deem it my duty here to mention that towards night, on the 19th, 
about 250 of the enemy made a sally from the fort, and attacked a 
party of some 50 of our army who occupied the ruins of a house 
near their intrenchments, and in the neighborhood of my battery. 
Having been informed by Lieutenant Fitzgerald, aid-de-camp to 
General Pierce, that our men were severely pressed, I requested 
Captain Craig, then the only support of my battery, to leave me, 
and, with two companies, to attack the enemy in flank, which, 
guided to the place by Lieutenant Fitzgerald, ne did in the most 
gallant manner, killing and wounding several, and driving the re- 
mainder into the fort, with the loss on our side of one man. 
wounded. 



[1] 



104 



During the whole of the night of the 19thj my command was ^t 
■workj and after the capture of the fort the next morning, I sup- 
plied the place of the broken carriage by one of the captured 
6-pounder carriages, and bringing off the disabled pieces and cais- 
sons, arrived, in fighting condition, at the head-quarters of General 
Twiggs, at 8 o'clock, p. m., on the 20th, after forty hours of unin- 
terrupted labor. 

I hare the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, 

J. BANKHEAD MAGRUDER, 
Captain Commanding Light Artillery^ \st regiment. 
To. Capt. J. Hooker, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



Killed. — 1st Lieutenant J. P. Johastone, 1st artillery. 

Wounded. — Sergeant Samuel F. Simpson, company I, 1st artil- 
lery; privates — Washington O. Benthall, company I, 1st artillery; 
Marcus Flenlewitz, company I, 1st artillery; Lawrence Magrath, 
company I, 1st artillery. 

Horses killed and wounded, 10; killed, 6; wounded, 4. 

P. S. — I have to report, upon the information of the chief of 
ordance. Captain Huger, that one of the enemy's pieces in the fort 
was dismounted by my battery. I avail myself of this occasion, 
also, to return thanks to Lieutenants Foster and McClelland, for 
services rendered to me during the action. Not being aware that 
Lieutenant Jackson had opened a fire on the enemy irom the right, 
which he did at the request of Lieutenant McClelland, United 
States engineer corps, I supposed, from his absence, that he must 
have been kill(,d or wounded. I therefore requested the services 
of an officer — there being many present in my battery not belong- 
ing to it — to supply his place; three pieces being then in positiouj 
several horses killed and wounded, and the caissons much exposed 
to explosions from the enemy's shells. Lieutenant Foster, ynited 
( States engineers, promptly offered his services, and during the 
\ short time which intervened before the arrival of Lieuten^t Jack- 
son, served a piece of Lieutenant Jackson's section with gallantry 
and effect. I also acknowledge with pleasure and thanks the ser- 
Tices of Captains Sanderson, Porter, and Bakenstoss, of the rifles, 
who afforded me valuable assistance in removing my crippled bat- 
terf to a place where it could be repaired. 
Tery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. E. MAGRUDER, 

Captain U. S. Army. 



105 [ 1 ] 

Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, 3d Divisiour, 

Mexsoque, August 23, 1847. 

Captain: I have the honor to report*, for the information of the 
major general commandihg the division, the operations of my brig- 
ade during the several engagements of the 19th and 20th instant. 

Agreeably to instructions, the 9th and 12th regiments of infantry, 
commanded by Colonel Ransom and Lieutenant Colonel Bonham, 
were directed by me to support that portion of General Twiggs's 
division ordered to attack the front of the enemy's work at Con- 
ireras. 

These regiments moved with great alacrity and coolness for 
three-fourths of a mile under a heavy fire of round shot and shells, 
to a position a little to the right, and in advance of the battery 
commanded by Captain Magruder, 1st artillery, whose conduct I 
had an opportunity to observe with admiration; which position they 
maintained from 2 o'clock until 9 o'clock, p. m. At that hour, find- 
ing myself, as I believed, the senior officer in that part of the field, 
and learning from Captain Magruder (whose battery had already 
suffered greatly from the enemy's vastly superior weight of metal) 
that he was authorized by the orders of the general commanding 
the division, in case of an inability to make an impression on the 
opposite works, to withdraw his guns, I directed him as well as the 
force which supported his battery, consisting of the 9th and 12th 
regiments of infantry, four companies of the 3d infantry and rifles, 
to retire to the base of the heights, about a' mile and a half in front 
of the enemy's works, and there to await further orders. At 1 
o'clock on the following morning, (the 20th,) General Twiggs, with 
Captain Lee of the engineer corps, verbose distinguished services oii 
both days will not, I am sure, be overlooked, came to my bivouack 
with order* from the general in chief to assemble all the forces in 
my immediate neighborhood and occupy a position in order to 
create a diversion in favor of Brigadier General Smith, who was to 
storm the enemy's works at dawn of day. Being myself unable to 
keep my saddle, or to walk, in consequence of a severe injury from 
the fall of my horse the day before, the command of this force de- 
volved upon Colonel Ransom, of the 9th infantry. The night was 
extremely dark, and the rain poured in torrents, but this gallant 
and efficient officer succeeded in organizing his force, and in gain- 
ing the position assigned him without difficulty. His presence at- 
tracted the fire of the enemy until the storming parties under the 
direction of General Smith had crowned the hill immediately in 
rear of their works; and, when this brilliant achievement of storm- 
ing the enemy's batteries was perfected, Ransom's command poured 
a devouring fire into the ranks of the fugitives. After the rout of 
the enemy at this point, my command, in common with other troops, 
followed the retiring enemy into the town of San Angel. 

The 15th infantry, which had been previously detached, and under 
the immediate orders of the general commanding the division, joined 
the brigade in the pursuit. For the operations of this regiment thus 
far, I refer you to Lieutenant Colonel Howard's report, herewith 



[ 1 ] 106 

enclosed. At San Angel, dispositions having been made to attack 
in reverse the intrenchments on the San Augustin road, my brig- 
ade, in concert with that of 1 General Shields, was ordered to cross 
the open country, between Santa Caterina and the above named 
road, in order to cut off the enenry's retreat. Having arrived at a 
hacienda near the road, the enemy's infantry was found posted on 
the latter as far as the eye could reach in either direction, besides 
cavalry hovering (in the corn-fields) on our flank and rear. 

In this position, our troops received a most galling fire, which for 
a time threw them into some confusion, but they soon rallied and 
made a desperate effort to restore the fortune of the day. 

The intrepid General Shields, supported by Colonel Ransom, 
succeeded in bringing portions of the command into order, and, with 
the buildings as a pivot, threw forward their left wing and dashed 
on the thickest of the enemy. General Shields moved directly on 
the wood where a large body of the Mexican infantry w^ere con- 
cealed in a ditch which skirted it, and from which they had hith- 
erto kept up a destructive fire with comparative safety to them- 
selves. Colonel Ransom moved more obliquely towards the road, 
and directed his course to an old village, from the tops and behind 
the houses of which the enemy were in gjreat force. The rout of 
the enemy in this part of the field immediately became complete. 
Thus in fifteen or twenty minute? from the time w^hen the fortune 
of the day on this flank seemed doubtful, victory perched upon our 
standard. 

The loss sustained by my brigade in the two days' engagements 
amounted, in killedj wounded, and missing, to about 160 men of 
all grades. 

That of the 15th regiment, from its exposed position in front of 
the hacienda, in the last day's affair, was by far the greatest. 

Its gallant Colonel Morgan was wounded early in the action. 

I regret to state that Lieutenant Colonel Bonham, commanding 
the 12th infantry, was severely wounded in the hand by the acci- 
dental discharge of his pistol on the morning of the 20th, in conse- 
quence of which I was deprived of one of my most brave and effi- 
cient oflficers during the ensuing engagements. It was my misfor- 
tune, as I before stated, to receive a serious injury from the fall of 
my horse on the afternoon of the 19th. This accident rendered me 
unable to struggle with the difficulties of the ground over which 
"we w^ere obliged to pass on the evening of the last day, and in the 
effort to do so I fell, (faint from exhaustion and pain,) a few yards 
from the severest fire of the enemy's line; and, although in a posi- 
tion to observe the general gallant conduct of my brigade, I cannot 
speak of the individual bearing of my officers and men so much 
from personal observation as from the reports of my staff, and, from 
these, the commanders of regiments. These show it to have been 
all that could be desired; indeed, for new troops, their deportment 
was admirable. 

I have already spoken of Colonels Ransom and Morgan, and 
Lieutenant Colonel BonRam, in terms sufficiently indicative of my 
hearty approbation of their conduct. Lieutenant Colonel Howard, 



107 [ 1 ] 

■who succeeded Colonel Morgan in the command of the 15th regi- 
ment, and Captain Wood, who took the place of Lieutenant Colo- 
nel Bonham, at the head of the 12th, are not less entitled to my 
commendation. 

Among the brave officers of my brigade who fell mortally woun- 
ded upon the field, I lament to mention Captain Augustus Quarles, 
of company F; Lieutenant Goodloe, company B; and Lieutenant 
Goodman, company F — all of the 15th regiment infantry. 

Major F. D. Mills, after behaving in the most gallant manner 
throughout the action, near its close followed in pursuit of the 
flying foe; since which time he has not been heard from, and great 
fears are entertained for his safety. 

Commanders of regiments speak in terms of high commendation 
of the following officers: Major Seymour; Captains Bodfish, Thomp- 
son, and Kimball; 1st Lieutenants C. I. Sprague, (adjutant,) G. 
Bowers, Jackson, and Slocum; 2d Lieutenants Newman, Palmer, 
and Pierce, the two former severely wounded; and Sergeant Major 
McNabb, acting 2d lieutenant of company F — all of the 9th in- 
fantry. 

Captain Holden, Lieutenant Simpkins, and Lieutenant Steen, of 
the 12th infantry, the two former wounded in the engagement of 
the 20th. 

Captains Jones, Joll, Hoagland, and Chase; Lieutenants Bowie, 
company K, and Lieutenants Beach, Becket, and Wiley — all of the 
.15th regiment. 

Lieutenant T. F. Brodhead, adjutant 15th infantry, merits the 
highest commendation for his coolness and conduct. 

I should do violence to my sense of justice were I to omit to 
notice the admirable bearing of Lieutenant Reno, of the ordnance, 
who, although not under my orders, was frequently associated with 
my commaifd, in charge of the mountain howitzer battery, with 
which he rendered signal service, especially on the afternoon of 
the 20th. 

I have great satisfaction in referring to the intrepid conduct and ' 
valuable services of my adjutant general, Captain Winsh^p, of the 
2d dragoons, and Lieutenant Fitzgerald, of 6th infantry, my aid- 
de-camp, upon each of whom devolved the severest service. From 
the morning of the 19th to the night of the 20th, they were both 
in the most exposed positions, engaged in an intelligent and gallant 
discharge of their respective duties. 

I fear that in consequence of engagements not connected with 
my immediate command since my arrival at this place, and the 
■urgent call for this report since my return from Tacubaya, I may 
have occasion to regret the failure to do justice to the distinguished 
conduct of the officers and men of my brigade. 

Accompanying this report is a return of the killed, wounded, and 
missing. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

FRANK. PIERCE, 
Brigadier 'General U. S. Army. 



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108 



Return of ^^ killed, wounded, and missing,''^ in the actions of the 
19th and 20th August, 1847, near the city of Mexico, of 1st brig- 
ade, Zd division, commanded by Brigadier General Frjxnklin 
Pierce. 

Jfinth regiment of infantry, commanded hy Colonel T. B. Ransom^ 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Wounded. . .1. Captain L. Johnson, slightly. 

Do 2. Lieutenant W. H. Newman/severely. 

Do 3. Lieutenant A. T. Palmer, severely. 

Do 4. Lieutenant D. H. Cram, severely. 

KON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Killed 1. Sergeant Lewis B. West, company C. 

Wounded. ,.1. Corporal N. W. Grout, company D, slightly.. 

Do 2. Corporal W. E. Hoss, company G, severely. 

Do 3. Corporal W. W. Page, company H, slightly. 

Do 4. Sergeant J. C. Stowell, company H, slightly. 

PRIVATES. 

Killed 1. W. Thompson, company F. 

Do 2. B. McCluskey, company H. 
Wounded. . .1. A. W. Brown, company A, slightly. 

Do 2. James Henderson, company A, slightly. 

Do 3. P. Melville, company A, slightly. 

Do 4, D. K. Richmond, company A, slightlj^. 

Do 5. S. S. Sweet, company A, severely. 

Do 6. J. B. Hall, company B, severely. 

Do 7. D. Hogan, company B, slightly. 

Do 8. T. A. Pratt, company B, slightly. 

Do • 9. W. P. Haskins, company C, slightly. 

Do 10. James Webber, company C, slightly. 

Do 11. George G. Goodman, company C, slightly. 

Do 12. T. Beedle, company D, slightly. 

Do 13. C. Gettins, company D, slightly. 

Do 14. J. Moore, company D, slightly. • 

Do 15. S. P. Hall, company D, slightly. 

Do 16. W. Soule, company D, slightly. 

Do 17. M. Weight, company D. slightly. 

Do 18. C. F. Blood, company E, slightly. 

Do 19. N. Trant, company F, slightly. 

Do 20. H. Dixon, company F, slightly. 

Do 21. J. W. Boudle, company H, slightly. 

Do 22. B. Bean, company H, slightly. 

Do 23. J. Flinn, company H, slightly. 

i^-Do 24. W, Gould, company H, slightly. 

Do 25. A. T. Pike, company H, slightly. » 



109 [ 1 ] 



Wounded.. 26. G. W. Woods, company H, slightly. 

Do 27. G. Barnes, company H, slightly. 

Do 28. T. F. Davis, company H, slightly. 

Do 29. $. D. Canfield, company I, slightly. 

Do 30, J. Hosse, company I slightly. 

Do 31. D. Brown, company K, slightly. 

Do 32. J. F. Chaterton, company K, slightly. 

Do 33. W. Rhodes, company K, slightly. 

Do 34, J, Scales, company K, slightly. 

Do 35, J, R. Higgins, company K, slightly. 

Do 36. J, Linsey, company Iv, slightly. 

Do 37. J. F. Fly, company K, slightly. 



Twelfth infantry, commanded hy Lieutenant Colonel J^onham. 

COMMISSIONED OFEICEIIS. 

Wounded...!. Captain W. B. Holden, slightly. 

Do 2. 2d Lieiftenant John C, Simpkins, slightly. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. ^ 

Killed 1. Sergeant William C, Oliver, company B. 

Do 2. Sergeant Peyton Randolph, Company H. 
Wounded..!. Corporal John L. Tubbs, company C, severely. 

Do 2, Sergeant Thos, Smithus, company K, slightly. 

Do 3. Musician Samuel Church, company C, slightly. 

PRIVATES, 

Wotmded. ..!. William I, Enos, company B, severely. 

Do 2. Chauncey Howard, company B, severely. 

Do 3, John A, G. Warneche, company B, slightly. 

Do 4, William M. Davis, company B, slightly. • 

Do 5. Francis M. Bradley, company B, slightly. 

Do 6. Beverly Vaughn, company C, slightly. 

Do 7. Warren D. Blauton, company D, slightly. 

Do 8, James Colvin, company H, slightly, ' 

Do 9, Isaac Baker, company C, slightly. 

Do 10. John T, Bowers, company H, slightly. 

Do 11. Martin Earis, company C, severely. 

Do 12. Pinckney Anderson, company C, severely^ 

Do 13. Levitt Severs, company C, severely. 

Do 14. Adam Peyton, company C, slightly. 

Do 15. George Tatum, company C, slightly. 

Do 16. William Morgan, company C, slightly. 

Do 17. Elijah Bowlin, company-H, slightly. 

Do 18, Joseph Smith, company H, slightly. 

Do 19. Henry L. Demitt, company K, mortally, since dead. 



[1] 



110 



Jlftmng',..l.\ Leander Crutcher, company K. 
Do 2. L. Sherman, company K. 



Fifteem,th infantry^ commanded by Colonel G. W. Morgan, 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Killed 1. Lieutenant John D. Goodman. 

Wounded..!. Colonel George W. Morgan, severely. 

Dp 2. Captain Augustus Quarles, mortally, since dead. 

Do 3. Lieutenant Wm. H. H. Goodloe, mortally. 

Do 4. Lieutenant Charles Petunell, slightly. 

Do 5. Lieutenant J. R. Bennett, slightly. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 



Serg. John Cunningham, company E, severely .- 
Serg. J. M. Camm, company H, severely. 
Serg. William Mabee, company B, severely. 
Serg. Daniel Rodes, company F, severely. 
Serg. Frabian Bydolh, company K, slightly. 
Serg. Major Thomas McKeen, slightly. 
Serg. Thomas French, company I, slightly. 
Serg. Fdk. W. Schooner, company F, slightly. 
Corp. Isaac W. Griffith, company K, severely. 
Corp. Wm. B. Hopkinson, company A, severely. 
Corp. James Healy, company A, severely. 
Corp. Horace Hancock, company B, slightly. 
Musician Chester G. Andrews, comp. B, slightly. 
Musician Joseph Clark, company B, severely. 

PRIVATES. 

William Roberts, company K. 
Samuel Carney, company A. 
John Steath, Company B. 
Peter Fill, company I. 
Michael Spelcer, company C. 
John Glaze, company C, mortally. 
George Gouph, company C, mortally. 
Daniel P. Hauks, company E, mortally. 
Fitch Cornall, company E, mortally. 
George White, company I, mortally. 
John H. Cook, company E, severely. 
William Reed, company K, severely. 
Henry Widner, company A, severely. 
Alexander Davis, company A, severely. - 
Dow K: Fuller, company A, severely. 
Hiram Brown, company A, severely. 



Woimded. 


...1 


Do 


2 


Do 


3 


Do 


4 


Do 


5 


Do 


6 


Do 


7 


Do 


8 


Do 


9 


Do 


10 


Do 


11 


Do 


12 


Killed .. 


..1 


Wounded 


..1. 



Killed ... 


!.l. 


Do 


2. 


Do 


3. 


Do 


2. 


Do 


5. 


Wounded. 


...1. 


Do 


2. 


Do 


3. 


Do 


4. 


Do 


5. 


Do 


6. 


Do - 


7. 


Do 


8. 


. Do 


9. 


Do 


10. 


Do 


11. 






Ill [1] 

Wounded,. 12. William Rogers, company B, severely. 

Do 13. William G. Adams, company I, severely. 

Do 14. Francis Tahrm, company C, severely. 

Bo 15. Joseph Francis, company C, severely. 

Do 16. Jacob J. Barteim, company F, severely. 

Do 17. William Barnett, company F, severely. 

Do 18. Lewis Voight, company F, severely. 

Do 19. Rupert Whitney, company F, severely. 

Do 20. Clark Munson, company E, severely. 

Do 21. Napoleon B. Perkins, company E, severely. 

Do * 22. William H. Miller, company H, severely. 

Do 23. Thomas Shortal, company A, severely. 

Do 24. Peterson Lowry, company B, severely. 

Do 25. Robert Linsey, company B, severely. 

Do 26. John H. Early, company F, severely. 

Do 27. Michael Fratenger, company F, severely. 

Do 28. Bedwell Cilley, company F, severely. 

Do 29. Westley Gordam, company E, slightly. 

Do 30. James G. Corbus, company E, slightly. 

D6» 31. George Cooper, company E, slightly. 

Do 32. Isaac A. Smith, company E, slightly. 

Do ' 33. James Soule, company H, slightly. a 

Do 34. Alva Taylor, company A, slightly. 

Do 35. John McCamm, company A, slightly. 

Do 36. Wallace W, Wood, company A, slightly. 

Do 37. Jeremiah Griffith, company B, slightly. 

Do 38. James Hill, company I, slightly. 

Do 39. Mathew H. Chance, Company C, slightly. 

Do 40. Samuel Trask, company C, slightly. 

Do 41. Edward B. Colklin, company F, slightly. 

Do 42. Martin Klein, company F, slightly. 

Do ' 43. John Metson, company F, slightly. 

Do 44. George Steinman, company F, slightly. 

Do 45. Jacob Salinger, company F, slightly. 

Do 46. Jacob Hocer, company F, slightly. 

,Do 47. Cornelius Westfield, company A, slightly. 

Do 48. Richard Northrup, company F, slightly. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICER. 

Missing....!. Major Frederick D. Mills. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Missing .. ..1. Serg. Frederick Laubeinheimer, company C. 

Do 2. Serg. John Smith, company F. 
Privates. .. .1. Private J-'hn Hochstetler, company B. 

Do 2. Private "William Schirmyer, company B. 

Do 3. Private Joel Shively, compaity B. 

Do 4. Private Jasper Matley, company C. • 

Do 5. Private John Stall, company C. 

Do 6. Private Balthaser Happle, company F. 



[1] 



112 

RECAPIT.ULATION. 

August 19th and 20th, 1847. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

' 9th Regiment. — Wounded 4 

12th Regiment. — Wounded . . . . , 2 

15^/i Regiment. — Killed X 

Do Wouhded 5 

Do Missing . .^ . 1 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, MUSICIANS, AND PRIVATES. 

9th Regiinent. — Killed 3 

Do Wounded 41 

12th Regiment. — Killed '2 

Do Wounded 22 

Do Missing 2 

Ibth Regiment. — Killed . 6 

Do Wounded • 61 

Do Missing 8 

I 

Total 158 



FRANK. PIERCE, 
Brig. Gen. U. S. A. 
O. F. WiNsiiip, A. A. G. 



Head-quartees, 9th InfAntry, 
Battle field, near Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

I have the honor to report that, in compliance with your orders, 
I advanced with my regiment and a battalion of the 12th infantry, 
xmder the'command of Lieutenant Colonel Bonham, to support the 
batteries of Captain Magruder and Lieutenant Callender, acting 
against the enemy's position at Contreras. 

We found their gunS admirably served — s^^ells, grape, and round 
shot, were actually showered upon my advancing column. We con- 
tinued, however, rapidly to move onward, and take pur position a 
little to the right and in front of our own batteries, passing to the 
opposite side of the deep ravine, some 200 yards in front of the 
enemy's guns, where I remained until I received your orders, about 
10 o'clock at night, to return to the base of the hill about a mile 
in the rear. 

We had just returned and bivouacked in a heavy rain, when 1 re- 
ceived orders from the commander-in-chief, through Brigadier Gen- 
eral Twiggs, to lead my command, the battalion of the 12th infan- 
try, under command of Captain Wood, and two companies of the 



113 [1] 

3d infantry, under the command of Captain Craig, to advance and 
occupy the attention of the enemy's principal battery at the former 
place, until a combined attack should be made by the main army 
upon his flank and rear, in accordance with the original plan of the 
major general commanding. 

I arrived at the position mentioned about daybreak,,and the ene- 
my again opened a heavy fire upon us, which was continued and 
returned, until, by the attack of the main army, he was entirely 
routed, and we joined in pursuit, taking several prisoners. 

Having pursued the enemy with other troops to the main road 
which leads from the village of San Angel to the city of Mexico, I 
received your orders to remain with my regiment and the howitzer 
battery, under the command of Lieutenant Reno, and hold the po- 
sition until further orders. Your order was soon received to ad- 
vance and join the brigade. We pressed forward and overtook the 
whole command under Brigadier General Shields, just coming into 
position to cut otf the communication with the ports of San Anto- 
nio and the city. My command was formed on the right, and we 
were hardly formed before a large body of lancers were seen moving 
across our left flank. They opened a severe fire upon us, which, 
with that from the road in our front, caused some temporary dis- 
order. This was spe^lily restored by the activity of Brigadier Gen- 
eral Shields. 

The South Carolina regiment and my own, together with the bat- 
talion of the 12th, under Captain Wood, which had acted so effi- 
ciently with us since the 19th, were speedily in order, the former 
regiment advancing towards the road to the city, and my own, with 
the 12th, advancing against the lancers who had attacked our flank. 
We advanced rapidly upon the enemy, loading and firing in quick 
succession, when he gave way and fled in every direction, and we 
joined in the general pursuit towards the gates of the city. 

I take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the bravery gind 
good conduct both of the officers and men of my command, as well 
as of the battalion of the 12lh infantry, acting with us in this engao-e- 
ment. 

All have done well; but I cannot in justice omit to mention, as 
particularly worthy of commendation, the names of several officers 
to whose activity our success is mainly to be attributed, viz: Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Bonham, of the 12th infantry- who acted with us 
on the 19th, and whose wound deprived us of his invaluable ser- 
vices on the 20th; Major Seymour, second in command of my regi- 
ment, to whose skill and activity I owe much; Captains Bodfish, 
Thompson, Kimball, and Wood, of the 12th regiment; my adju- 
tant. First Lieutenant C. J. Sprague, and First Lieutenants Bow- 
ers, Jackson, Slocum, and Steen, the latter of the 12th Infantry; 
Second Lieutenants Newman, Palmer, and Pierce, the two former 
being severely wounded. 

I would also ask your particular notice of acting Second Lieuten- 
ant J. McNabb, to whose efficiency I am much indebted. Sergeant 
Major Fairbanks also deserves a favorable notice. 
I should do great injustice not to mention the gallant bearing of 
o 



[ 1 ] 114 

Lieutenants Callender'and Reno, and the effective service of the 
howitzer battery, which was frequently placed under my command. 
Among the non-commissioned officers and privates of ray own 
regiment, there were many instances of personal bravery and hero- 
ism, which will not go unrewarded, and to which I shal-1 take great 
pleasure hereafter to call your attention and recommend them for 
promotion. aCir^-ssT- 

The following is the list of the killed, wounded, and missing, of 
my command in the battle of the 19th and 20th. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. 

T. B. RANSOM, 
Colonel^ commanding 9ik Infantry. 
Captain Winship, 

Ji. A. Adjutant General. 

* 

List of the killed and wounded of the 9fh regiment United^Sfates 
infantry J in the battle of the 19th and 20th instant. 

Wounded. ..1. A. W. Brown, company A. 

Do 2. James Henderson, company A. 

Do 3, P. Melvil, company A. 

Do' • 4. D. K. Richmond, compan}#i. 

Do 5. S. S. Sweet, company A, severely. 

Do 6. J. B. Hall, company B, severely. 

Do 7. D. Hogan, company B. 

Do 8. T. A. Pratt, company B. 

Killed 1. Sergeant Lewns B. West, company C. 

Wounded. ..1. Private W. P. Huckins, company C. 

Do 2. Private James Webber, company C. 

Do 3. Private George G. Goodman, companyC. 

Do 4. Corporal A. W. Grout, company D. 

Do 5. Private T. Beedle, company D. 

Do 6. Private C. Gittins, company D. 

Do 7. Private J. Morris, company D. 

Do 8. Private S. P. Hall, company D. 

Do 9. Private W. Saule, company D.. 

Do 10. Private M. Wright, company D. 

Killed 1. W. Thompson, company E. 

Wounded. ,. I. C. F. Blood, company E, 

Do 2. N. Trant, company F. 

Do 3. H. Dixon, jr., company F. 

Do 4. Corporal W. E. Hoss, company G, severely. 

Killed. ,., .1. B. McCluskey, company H. 
Wourded. , ,1. Sergeant J. C. Stbwell, comy:any H. 

Do 2. Corporal M. W. Page, company H. 

Do 3. Private J. W. Boudle, company H. 

Do 4. Private B. Bean, company H. '"^M 

Do 5, J. Flin, company H. 

Do 6, W. Gould, jr., company^H-. 

Do 7. A. L. Pike, company H. 



II 



115 [ 1 ] 

Wounded. .^.S. G. W. Woods, company H. 

Do 9. G. E. Earnes, company H. 

Do 10. T. F. Davis, company H. 

Do 11. Private S. D. Canfield, company I, 

Do 12. Private J. Hosse, company I, 

Do 13. Private D. Brown, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 14. Private J. F. Chaterton, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 15. Private W. Rhodes, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 16, Private J. Scales, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 17. Private J. R. Higgins, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 18. Private J. Linsey, company K, (grenadiers.) 

Do 19. Private J. F. Fly, company K, (grenadiers.) 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Wounded, , .1. Captain Lorenzo Johnson. 

Do 2. Second Lieutenant Wm. A. Newman, severely. 

Do 3. Second Lieutenant A. T. Palmer, severely. 

Do 4. Second Lieutenant Daniel H. Cram, slightly. 

F. L. WHEATON, 

Assistant burgeon. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Killed....' 3 

Wounded 41 

T. B. RANSOM, 

Colojielj commanding 9t/i infantry. 



Head-quarters, 12th Infantry, 

1st Brigade, 3d Division, 
■Mixcoac, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to an order from the general-in-chief, I report 
the participation of the 12th infantry in the engagement of the 19thi 
instant. 

The 12th, in conjunction with the 9th infantry, in obedience to 
orders, advanced in double quick time, under a heavy fire from the 
enemy's batteries at Contreras, until we came within two hundred 
and fifty yards of them, where we remained in position until ordered 
to withdraw. 

Companies B, Captain Holden, C, Captain Wood, H, Captain 
Denver, (Lieutenant Linn commanding,) and K. Lieutenant Taplin 
commanding, were the companies of the 12th infantry present. 

The officers and men under my command behaved well, and {con- 
tinued their advance, under the fire from the enemy's batteries, with 
spirit worthy of older troops. 

About 2 o'clock, a. m., of the 20th, I had the misfortune to be 
wounded in the hand, by the accidental discharge of a pistol, which, 
I regret, prevented my participating in the glorious victory of our 



[1] 



116 



troops on ,that day. For the part the 12th infantry bore, I beg 
leave to refer to the report of Captain Allen Woo^l, company C, 
who commanded the regiment during the day. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedit^nt servant, 

M. L. BONHAM, 
Lieiite?iant Colonel 12th infantry^ comm^g. 

Captain 0. F. Winship, 

Ji. A. A. General^ \st Brigade, ?>d Division. 



MixcoAc, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

Sir: The undersigned has the honor to report, that on the .morn- 
ing of the 20th instant he assumed command of the 12th infantry, in 
consequence of Lieutenant Colonel Bonham being disabled by the 
accidental discharge of his pistol, which took effect in his hand. 

In obedience to orders, the battalion under my command, con- 
sisting of four (4) companies of the 12th infantry, moved forward 
at 1 o'clock, on the morning of the 20th instant, from the camp 
they occupied in the evening, towards the foi±ifications of Contre- 
ras, for the purpose of creating a diversion in favor of the assaulting 
column which was to appear in rear of the enemy's works. The 
order to advance was promptly obeyed by the troops; and, after 
much difficulty, the troops succeeded in getting a position under a 
ledge of rocks, about one hundred and fifty yards from the enemy's 
batteries. Immediately after daylight, we commenced a fire of 
musketry on the enemy, which was returned by their batteries and 
small arms. About the same time, or shortly after the fire was 
opened from my command, the assaulting column in rear of the 
enemy entered and carried the fortifications in most gallant style. 
I immediately gave orders to advance and follow the retreating 
enemy, which were obeyed by the troops with alacrity, and their 
fire told with deadly effect. 

From that point we followed the enemy, in the direction of the 
city of Mexico, about three or four miles, until we arrived near their 
fortifications at Churubusco. Here I received orders to move around 
with my command, and by making a circuit to attack the enemy in 
reaf. While in llie performance of these orders, on arriving near 
the main road leading to the city of Mexico, we found the enemy 
in great force, drawn up in order of battle, awaiting out approach. 
A wall, surrounded by a stone wail, appearing to be the only place 
of safety for my small force from the overwhelming numbers of the 
enemy, I directed my advance that way; and when in the act of 
t'aking possession of the enclosure, we received a most deadly fire 
from the enemy, who outnumbered us ten to one. In a few minutes 
the 9th and 15th regiments, under their gallant commanders, Colo- 
nels Ransom and Morgan, came up to our support, followed by two 
regiments of volunteers. The action now became general and 
exceedingly warm. The contest was fierce and obstinate in the ex- 



117 ' [1 ] 

treme, until, the enemy's forts being carried 'in front, and being 
hard pressed in the rear, a general flight ensued. 

I cannot close this report without mentioning, in the highest terms 
of commendation, the conduct of the officers and soldiers under my 
command. Captain Holden, Lieutenants Taplin, Giles, Simpkins, 
Almstedt, Steen, and Adjutant Bronaugh, all performed their du- 
ties promptly, and were always to be seen wherever their presence 
was most needed. To Captain Holden, who led on his men in the 
morning through the most deadly fire of the enemy, and to Lieuts. 
Simpkins and Steen, who acted throughout the whole battle, but 
more particularly in the afternoon, with the coolness, discretion, 
and valor of veterans, until Lieutenant Simpkins, being severely 
wounded, was carried off the field, particular credit is due. Lieu- 
tenant Steen was seen every where, in the thickest of the fight, 
leading on and encouraging his men. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, 

ALLEN WOOD, . 
Ca-pt. Comp. C, and comd^g 12th Infantry. 

To Captain O. F. Winship, 

A, A. A. GenH^ Ist Brigade^ 3(^ Division. 



Head-quarters, 15th Infantry, 

San Borgia, August 22, 1847. 

Sir : In compliance with the order of General Pillow of this date, 
communicated thrcyagh your office, I have the honor to report that, 
on the 19th instant, the 15th infantry, on the march ffom San Augus- 
tin, was in rear of General Pillow's division. When the enemy's 
batteries opened upon us, and the division moved forward on it, the 
15th regiment was held in reserve, where it remained until directed 
by General Pillow to move to the support of Gen. Cadwalader's 
brigade, which had passed to the right of the battery about three 
quarters of a mile. The regiment very rapidly marched for its po- 
sition, and soon gained the rear of General Cadwalader's brigade, 
which was at a halt, with the battery playing upon its rear, and an 
immense force of infantry and dragoons drawn up in its front. In 
crossing a deep ravine which interposed between General Cadwal- 
ader's position and the regiment, the enemy threatened an attack 
upon our front while separated from the rear, but Colonel Morgan 
promptly placed the front of his regiment in position to defend it- 
self, and cover that portion of it yet to cross the ravine. The enemy, 
upon discovering this, abandoned the attempt and fell back upon 
the main force. The enemy brought two pieces of artillery, late in 
the day, to the support of the army in our rear, which opened upon 
us at a short distance, but only got a few shots before night set in, 
when it ceased without doing any damage. The regiment occupied 
an orchard close upon our position for a part of the night, and re- 
ceived an order to move with the brigade to which it was attached, 
before daylight in the morning, to the attack upon the battery. Its 



[1] 118 

position, however, eijabled it to get there only towards the close of 
the action, and was but partially engaged, with no loss and but 
little injury. 

'After the capture of the enemy's battery and position, the army 
moved on — the 15th regiment in front of Gen. Pierce's brigade — 
and soon again came upon the enemy strongly posted in the great 
road. The regiment moved by a flank through a corn-field from the 
village of Nativitas, endeavoring, as I supposed, to take a position 
to cut off the retreat of the enemy^, being conducted by Capt. Lee, 
of the military engineers, under the immediate direction of Briga- 
dier General Pierce. On the approach of the regiment to Froje de 
Portaies, the enemy was drawn up in force, and a terrible and de- 
structive fire was opened upon us. Colonel Morgan ordered the 
regiment to form in a line parallel to the road, and on the right of 
the Froje, (or barn,) but before this order could be put in execution, 
he fell with a severe wound in the leg; and, an my assuming the com- 
mand, I ordered the men to occupy a large threshing floor, which 
being surrounded by a stone wall about three feet high, would afl'ord 
partial protection from the fire of the enemy. This, however, gave 
cover only to the central companies of the regiment. The flanks 
were without shelter, but maintained their position in admirable 
order. This place was occupied until we, with the assistance of the 
howitzer battery, compelled the enemy to retire; and we then kept 
up a severe fire on their retreating column, being prevented from 
'gaining the road in front by a deep ditch with five or six feet of water 
in it. I re-formed the regiment and moved on in pursuit of the 
enemy, when I met Colonel Ransom with the 9th regiment, who in- 
formed me that^he had been ordered to' return.* I returned with 
him, thinking there was nothing to be gained by a farther pursuit. 
Lieut. Freelon was left on detached service as quartermaster; and, 
immediately after the capture of the battery in the morning, by an 
order from General Pillow, Major Woods, with one company com- 
manded by Capt. King, was detached from the*regiment as a guard 
for the prisoners. This, with other detaiJs from it, left the regiment 
upon going into action but two hundred, and* eighty-two strong. 

I herewith enclose the list of killed, wounded and missing. 

I have the honor, &c., 

JOSHUA HOWARD, 
Lieutenant Colonel^ Commanding 15th infantry. 

To Captain H. Winship, ^.. ^. G., 

Head-quarters^ Brigadier General Pierce. 



I 



Head-quarteks, 2d Brigade, 3d Divison, 

Mixcoac, Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

Sir : In obedience to orders from division head-quarters, I have 
the honor to report that, on the morning of the 18th instant, the 
llth regiment of infantry, under the command of Lieutenant Colo- 
nel Graham, attached to my brigade, was detached with two com- 



119 [ 1 ] 

panics oT dragoons, under the command of Captain Kearny, for the 
purpose of covering a reconnoissance, to be made near San Augus- 
tin, by Captain Lee, of the engineer corps. After proceeding about 
three miles, a heavy discharge of musketry was suddenly opened 
upon the column, by a party of the enemy from 'the front and flank. 
A charge from the dragoons and infantry effectually routed and 
dispersed the enemy, with some loss in killed and wounded, and 
the capture of five prisoners. After the engineer officer had com- 
pleted his observations, the column returned to the head-quarters 
of the brigade at San Augustin. 

On the 19th, my brigade, consisting of the voltigeur regiment, 
under the command of Colonel T. P. Andrews, to which is attached 
the rocket and howitzer battery, under the command of Lieutenant 
F. D. Callender, of the ordnance; the 11th regiment of infantry, 
under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wm. M. Graham; and 
the 14th infantry, under the command of Colonel William Trous- 
dale, took up the line of march from the village of San Augustin, 
being the advanced brigade of the 3d division, which had been or- 
dered towards the position of the enemy at Contreras. Having re- 
ceived orders to that effect, I threw forward the 11th regiment, un- 
der Lieutenant Colonel Graham, to occupy the road w^hen within 
sight of the advanced position of the enemy, at the same time ex- 
tending the voltigeurs, under Colonel Andrews, and the 14tli, under 
Colonel Trouscyile, up the side of the hill which was on our right, 
the howitzer and rocket battery being placed near the summit to 
command the road. 

In this position, the brigade remained until the arrival of Twiggs's 
division, which moved forward and attacked the position of the 
enemy in front, when, by the orders of Major General Pillow, I 
followed in support of Riley's brigade, M^hich was on its way to- 
wards the left of the entrenched camp of the enemy. After a diffi- 
cult march over a bed of lava rock, and passing two deep ravines 
and creeks, we came upon the road leading from Contreras to the 
city of Mexico. As my advance arrived at this point, a very large 
force of the enenl|^ — cavalry, artillery, and infantry — was observed 
coming up the road from the city, and approaching along the brow 
of the hills in our front — to repel which I made immediate disposi- 
tions of my command, by taking advantage of favorable ground for 
forimng my line of battle, hastening up the remaining regiments 
iior mat purpose — the enemy nutnbering at least six times the force 
of my command. 

A volley from three companies of the 11th regiment drove back 
a body of cavalry supporting a reconnoitring party ; and the enemy 
perceiving our preparation, halted, and subsequently joined a very 
considerable force which was observed advancing on the right of 
the road. 

Colonel Riley's Brigade having turned to the left at the village 
of Contreras or Encelda, I deemed it proper to take a stronger po- 
sition, and accordingly moved my command to the crest of the hill 
upon which the village is situated. Not long after this, I was joined 
by the 15th regiment, under Colonel Morgan — which regiment had 



[ 1 ] 120 

been temporarily detached from the 1st brigade and placeci under 
my orders — and, subsequently, Brigadier General P. F. Smith ar- 
'rived with his command. The movement of my brigade, in con- 
junction with that of Colonel Riley, caused the enemy to halt in 
our front, (towards the city.) Their intention, evidently, was to 
reinforce the command in the works near Contreras. Although ex- 
posed to the fire of the enemy's artillery, both in front and from 
their fortified position in our rear, we effectually resisted any such 
attempt. 

The brigade remained in this place, exposed to a heavy rain with- 
out shelter, until about three o'clock on the morning of the 20th, 
when it was ordered forward with the other troops sent for that 
purpose, under the command of Brigadier General P. F. Smith, to 
assault the works and camp of the enemy. After leaving the vil- 
lage and gaining sufficient ground to the left and rear of the ene- 
my's camp, a general assault took place, which resulted in the cap- 
ture of their w^orks, containing twenty-three pieces of artillery 
of various calibre and a large quantity of ammunition. Here we 
had the pleasure of finding the two six-pounder guns captured by 
the enemy at Buena Vista, now recaptured by the 4th artillery, .who 
had lost them in that action. The enemy fled in every direction, 
closely pursued by our troops, leaving a great number dead and 
wounded upon the field, the ground strewed with their arms, lances, 
and flags, and in our hands upwards of a thousand pijsoners, and a 
very large train of pack mules. 

In this brilliant exploit, the voltigeurs and 11th regiment bore a 

conspicuous part. The 14th and 15th regiments, from their posi- 

' tion in rear, were unable, with every exertion on their parts, to join 

in the immediate attack, but by their support materially assisted 

in the success of our arms on this occasion. 

The capture of this fort, commanding the road, opened our com- 
munication with the main body of the army and our field artillery. 
After leaving a sufl[icient force to secure the captured camp and 
property, we took up the line of march in the direction of the city 
of Mexico, now in full view. After proceeding about two miles, 
I received an order to turn to the right, on the road from San An- 
gel to San Antonio, to assist in the attack upon that place, to be 
made by General Worth's division from the other side of the road. 
I had not proceeded far, when I found that General Worth's cji^'i- 
sion h,ad driven the enemy from San Antonio. The division unaer* 
General Twiggs, having encountered the main force of the enemy 
at Churubusco, in a strongly fortified position, upon which General 
Worth's division was also advancing, I was ordered to cross over 
to the other road, about half a mile distant, to unite in the attack 
upon the main work. Under the direction of Major General Pil- 
low, I crossed my command over two deep and^wide ditches, un- 
der fire of the enemy's artillery; I myself, as well as the other 
mounted officers, having been compelled to dismount from our 
horses to wade through the ditches. After a long and severe ac- 
tion, the works were carried, and with it all the artillery and am- 



121 [1] 

munition of the enemy, and the command joined in -the general 
pursuit and rout. 

I refer you to the separate reports herewith enclosed of the com- 
manding officers of regiments, for particulars connected with their 
immediate commands. 

Lieutenant Colonel J. E. Johnston, of the regiment of voltigeurs, 
brought the regiment well into action at the attack on the works 
at Contreras J and the regiment is spoken of in high terms by Colo- 
nel Andrews. The officers generally of this regiment are entitled 
to be n. med with consideration. Lieutenant F. D. Callender, com- 
manding the rocket and howitzer battery, was wounded in three 
places while gallantly engaged with the enemy, and the command 
subsequently devolved upon Lieutenant J. L; Reno, who rendered 
valuable service himself on various occasions after the command 
devolved upon him, and who spoke highly of the conduct of Ser- 
geants Peate, Depew, and McGuire. 

Lieutenant Colonel Wm. M. Graham, in command of the 11th 
regiment, never lost a moment in pressing gallantly forward 
wherever service was to be performed, which his command al- 
ways responded to with alacrity. In his report, he notices with 
commendation the services of Major J. F. Hunter, Captains Irwin, 
Waddell, and Guthrie, and of Lieutenants Daniel S. Lee, (adju- 
tant,) Montz, McCoy, Evans, Harley, McClellan, Tippin, Scott, and 
Johnstone. # 

The 14th regiment, under the command of Colonel W. Trousdale, 
rendered efficient service, and is highly spoken of in the report of 
its commanding officer, to \^ich I beg leave to refer. 

I lament to say that my aid-de-camp. First Lieutenant J. F Irons, 
of the 1st art'llery, was dangerously, probably mortally wounded, 
by a grape shot' through the neck, when gallantly approaching the 
battery upon the road at Churubusco. This off.cer, distinguished 
on other fields, rendered me and my command valuable assistance. 
His services and gallant conduct will never be forgotten by me, or 
by t: Qse with whom he served, and to whom he is known. 

Captain George Deas, assistant adjutant general, on duty upon my 
personal staff, is entitled to be particularly noticed for gallantry, 
energy, and soldier-like bearing, in the discharge of his duties. 

I take much pleasure in expressing my general satisfaction at the 
good conduct of the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, 
under my command, who, on many occasions, performed gallant 
service, which it is impossible for me to notice here. 

Enclosed is a list of the killed, wounded, and missing, of my 
brigade. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. CADWALDER, 
Brigadier General United States Army^ commanding. 

To Captain J. Hooker, 
* Assistant Adjutant General^ Head-quarters .^ 2>d Division. 



[ 1 ] 122 

MixcoACj Mexico, September 1, 1847. 

Sir : As the service of the regiment in the action on the latter 
part of the day of the 20th ultimo took place, as stated in my re- 
port to you of the 22d ult , "under your own immediate directions 
and those of General Pillow," I did not suppose any report in de- 
tail would be deemed desirable from me on the subject ; but, as your 
directions and those of the general-in-chief require it, I now do my- 
self the honor to supply the omission. 

As stated in my report of the 22d, the enemy being driven from 
all his intrenchments and positions (at Contreras) and in full rout, 
t.'ie voltigeur regiment proceeded by your orders with the column 
in pursuit of the enemy, on the main road to the city of Mexico. 
At the village of Culiacan, you directed the regiment, with your 
brigade, to diverge to the right to meet and attack the enemy by 
crossing over to the main road from San Antonio to the city of 
Mexico, on which the enemy was supposed to be at that time, in 
retreat before the division of General Worth. On arriving at that 
road, it was discovered the enemy had already passed on by the 
main fortifications at Ghurubusco. The laborious detour of your 
brigade just referred to, rendered exceedingly difficult by the 
marshy nature of the ground and the obstructions caused by dikes 
and trenches, brought it up to the intrenchments at Ghurubusco, .in 
the sear of the other troops who had taken the dii^t route to that 
place; and the ground being very confined, you could not bring 
up the regiment to the attack without exposing our own troops, 
already in our front, to a cross-fire from the regiment. You there- 
fore placed the regiment in reserve untn Golonel Duncan's battery 
was ordered forward against the enemy on the main road, when 
our regiment was ordered, and went forward promptly to sustain it. 
The enemy was again soon driven from his second line of intrench- 
ments, was pursued by the mounted troops, and we were ordered 
back to take quarters for the night at the hacienda near San An- 
tonio. In this latter part of the day's service we lost but one man 
wounded, being sheltered by the dense mass of wagons and'dead 
mules of the enemy, which, with Duncan's battery, literally blocked 
up the causeway or road in the immediate front of the enemy's bat- 
teries. 

As yourself and the army bore witness, our exemption from 
heavy loss of life was not owing to being free from exposure, as 
we encountered, during the action of that evening, heavy fires from 
the enemy at different periods. 

I have the honor to remain, with highest respect, your obedient 
servant, 

T. P. ANDREWS, 
Colonel Voltigeur s U S. Army. 

To Brigadier General George Cadwalder, U. S. Army. 

Respectfully submitted. ' 

GEORGE CADWALDER, 

Brigadier General^ commanding. 



123 [ 1 ] 



/ 



MixcoAC, August 24, 1847. 

Sir: Inobedience to your orders just received, I have the honor 
to report that, on the morning of the 20th instant, the regiment of 
voltigeurs, after *you turned over the command to me, followed 
Colonel Riley's brigade to support its attack on the enemy's in- 
trenched position in our front. After crossing the ravine between 
us and that position, the regiment was so directed as to come up on 
the right of Riley's brigade, to join in the attack and prevent the 
enemy's escape on thaj; side. In moving to this position, we were 
exposed to the fire of the guns turned by the enemy to the side at- 
tacked. Like the other regiments engaged, however, ours suffered 
little, and moved with as much accuracy as it has ever done on 
drill. By the time we had fairly taken our position, the eneriay had 
abandoned his works and was in full retreat towards Mexico, and 
the affair terminated. 

Most respectfully, I am, sir, your obedient servant, 

J. E. JOHNSTONE, 
% Lieutenant Cotonel Voltigeurs. 

Colonel T. P. Andrews, • 

Commanding regiment Voltigeurs^ 



[JYo date.] 

Sir: In compliance with your orders, I herewith transmit a re- 
port of the operations of the howitzer and rocket battery during 
the actions of the 19th and 20th instants. On the afternoon of the 
19th, the battery, then under the command of Lieutenant Callender, 
was ordered by General Pillow to report to General Twiggs; hav- 
ing done so, the battery, conducted by Lieutenants McClellan and 
Foster, of the engineers, was ordered forward to xlrive in the ene- 
my's skirmishers. We advanced as rapidly as possible, accompa- 
nied by one piece of Captain Magruder's battery, under the com- 
mand of Lieutenant Johnstone. Whilst advancing, a brisk fire of 
cannister was kept up upon the retreating skirmishers. Having 
reached a crest about eight hundred yards in front of the enemy's 
main fort, Lieutenant Callender placed three pieces in battery on 
the crest and opened a brisk fire. Perceiving that there was not 
room for any more pieces, I took the rocketeers a few rods to the 
left and commenced firing.. After some time, I noticed that our 
pieces had partially ceased firing, and looking around to see the 
cause, perceived that two of them had been disabled. I then went 
to them and learned that Lieutenant Callender had been severely 
wounded and carried to the rear. Sergeants Peate and Depew had 
very gallantly continued the firing up to that time. As we were 
firing at a great disadvantage against a very strong battery, I or- 
dered the pieces to be withdrawn and placed under cover; then re- 
tur:^d to the rocketeers and continued throwing rockets until all 
that we had (100 in all) with us were expended. It was nearly 



[1] 



124 



dark by this time, and as our ammunition wagons had been unable 
to come up with us, I sent back Sergeant McGuire to bring lorward 
more; but, before he returned, we were ordered to fall back. Lieu- 
tentant Callender lost one private killed, and five Nt-oumled. Of the 
men with me, two privates were killed, one corporfel and one pri- 
vate wounded. All the men behaved well, particularly Sergeants 
Peate, Depew and McGuire. 

On the morning of the 20th, after the enemy's works had been 
stormed and the troops routed, we, were ordered to follow up the 
retreating Mexicans. After pursuing them a few miles, the battery 
was detached, with the 9th infantry, to guard the main road to the 
city. It was not long before we were again ordered forward, and 
sent with General Pierce's brigade to the left, to cut off the ene- 
my's retreat. In a short time, we came up with General Shields's 
brigade, which was hotly engaged with the enemy, posted along the 
road. Two pieces were immediately put in position, and a brisk 
fire of cannister and case-shot kept up upon them. After a few dis- 
charges, they commenced retreating, V^ followed them up, firing 
as rapidly as we could, until ilamy nearly reached the city. We 
were then halted by General Shields. As on the previous day, all 
the men behaved extremely well. Sergeants Depew and Peate 
were particularly conspicuous. Our loss was one killed and tlu^e 
wounded. ^ 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. L. RENO, 
Lieutenant Ordnance^ com'' g H. R. battery. 

To Colonel T. P. Andrews, 

Com\g Voltigeur regiment. 

Respectfully referred to General Cadwala 'er. 

T. P. ANDREWS, 
Colonel Voltigeur s^ U. S. A. 



Head-quarters, 11th Infantry, 
JVear Mexico, August 22, 1847. 

Sir:" For the information of the general commanding 2d brigade, 
3d division regulars, I have the honor to report that, on the morn- 
ing of the 18th instant, when the brigade arrived at San Augustin, 
my regiment was immediately detached with two companies of dra- 
goons, under command of Captain Kearney, for the purpose of co- 
vering a reconnoissance to be made near that place by Captain Lee, 
of the engineer corps. After proceeding some three miles, a small 
party of the enemy were seen reconnoitring our columns, when I 
ordered a halt and sent out videttes, who making no further disco- 
veries, the column moved on, and had proceeded but a short dis- 
tance when a heavy musketry fire was opened upon it from the ]gft, 
front and right. A charge of the dragoons was then made to disperse 
the enemy on the left, while a rapid fire, succeeded by a charge from 
the infantry, effectually routed and dispersed him from the front and 



% 125 [1] 

right. Captain Irwin's company D, by request of Major Hunter, 
was detached and placed under his command, who pushed it for- 
ward most gallantly to attack the extreme right, which attack was 
led by Captain Irwin with great gallantry, and produced the most 
beneficial effect. In this affair, the enemy's loss was about twenty 
killed and wounded, w'hile, at the same time, the rapidity of our 
pursuit enabled us to secure five prisoner's. I would here remark — 
and I do so with great satisfaction — that the gallantry and general 
good conduct of the ofl&cers and men engaged merited my highest 
approbation. So soon as tie engineer oflficer had completed his 
observations, the column counter-marched and returned to quarters 
in San Augustin. 

On the morning of the 19th, the regiment took its position in the 
brigade and had marched some two miles, when the whole column 
was halted, and I was ordered to take the advance. My command 
then proceeded, and I detached company H, Captain Guthrie's, to 
advance as skirmishers near to the scene of the previous day's 
action. No enemy being seen the regiment w'as halted, in order that 
the rear of the division m,ight join us. Soon after this General 
Twiggs arrived, and was placed by General Pillow, with his divis- 
ion, in the advance. At this moment, the enemy's artillery opened 
upon us from the left, but ineffectually. Resuming the march, we 
advanced obliquely to the right of the enemy's position, and over 
rugged stone and other almost insurmountable barriers, for about 
tw'b miles, when we arrived at a small village near to, and on the 
left of, the enemy's works. So soon as the head of our column 
arrived on the plain, the enemy were seen advancing toward us in 
great force from the direction of the city, whose evident design was 
either to attack us in the rear, or else to reinforce their numbers in 
the fortifications. Fortunately, however. General Cadwalader's 
brigade (my regiment leading) arrived on the opposite eminence to 
that occupied by the enemy, who w^ere in force from 6 to 7,000 men, 
and took position in a corn-field, in order to secure our men as far 
as possible from the enemy's view. This unexpected movement 
upon our part entirely frustrated their designs. The enemy now 
sent out a body of cavalry, in number from 150 to 200 men, for the 
purpose of reconnoitring our position, who w^ere driven back by a 
well directed volley from three companies of my command; after 
which, we move(f our position, with our right resting upon the road 
leading to a church near by, which I considered would be a strong 
place in case of an emergency, and which was afterwards occupied 
by one company of my regiment, under command of Captain Irwin. 
Remaining in this position, in front of the enemy, during the greater 
portion of the night, at 3 o'clock it was determined to attack and 
force the enemy's fortifications on the left, which had been harrass- 
ing our^columns during the previous day. The regiment moved to 
its new position whilst yet dark; bqt Brigadier General Smith di- 
rected me to reconnoitre the enemy's works. With the assistance of 
Lieutenant D. S. Lee, adjutant, and Lieutenant Harley of my regi- 
ment, and also by the advice of Lieutenants. Tower and Beaure- 
gard, of the engineer corps, I reported it practicable to attack upon 



[1] 



126 



the left of Colonel Riley's brigade, (which was the attacking col- 
umn.) This advice was not acted upon by the commanding officer, 
and I was directed to follow and support Colonel Riley's brigade 
during the attack upon the battery. Two companies under the 
command of Major Hunter were detached to disperse a body of 
lancers and infantry, numbering 3 to 400, who were pouring a gall- 
ing fire upon the right flank of the storming column. Tliis small 
force of 80 men — companies D and H, 11th infantry — under command 
of Captains Irwin, Guthrie, and Lieutenants McCoy, McAllen, and 
Scott, gallantly {)erformed this duty, killing a number of both lan- 
cers and infantry. 

During the charge on the enemy's battery, Adjutant D. S. Lee 
received a flesh wound in the left leg, but gallantly maintained his 
position upon the field; and it aff'ords me great satisfaction in re- 
porting that I am very much indebted to this gallant young gentle- 
man for his aid and assistance during the previous day and night, 
in communicating orders and assisting in pressing the men forward. 
There never could be more gallantry displayed than was by him 
during the actions of the l8th, 19th, and 20th of August — particu- 
larly during the two actions of the ,0th — and I would most warmly 
recommend him to public notice. 

So soon as the enemy was completely defeated and driven from 
his works, the column was re-formed and joined with other corps 

in the pursuit. Arrived at , (small town,) a halt was ordered, 

the arms stacked, and the men permitted to rest. In a few moments, 
however, the advance was again commenced and the column pro- 
ceeded to , (another town,) where another halt was ,prdered. 

We had remained here some fifteen minutes when a warm musketry 
fire was heard in advance, and the brigade moved on— the 11th 
regiment leading as before — -General Pillow placing himself at our 
head, and led us rapidly 'forward to attack the main work in front. 
In passing through the field fronting this work, the general was 
obliged to dismount and plunge through several deep and wide 
ditches filled with weeds and water. 

My command pressed gallantly forward. At the main road we 
met with General Worth's forces. We moved upon this battery in 
conjunction with General Worth's command and carried the work, 
and then joined in the general pursuit of the enemy, under General 
Pillow's direction, until we were ordered to halt, almost within 
reach of the enemy's fire from the city. 

In closing this report, it affords me the highest gratification to be 
enabled to attest to the gallantry and determined courage of Major 
J, F. Hunter, Captains Irwin, Waddell, and Guthrie, and of Lieu- 
tenants Daniel S. Lee, (adjutant,) Motz, McCoy, Evans, Harley, 
McAllen, Tippin, Scott, and Johnston. I am very much indebted 
to Lieutenant B. F. Harley for his aid in communicating orders after 
Adjutant Lee was wounded, and for his gallantry in pushing the 
regiment forward to attack tj;ie enemy's works. On the 20th, Lieu- 
tenant M. Steever, regimental quartermaster, after performing his 
duties in securing the regimental train, finding it impossible tojoin 
his own regiment, voluntarily joined the 8th infantry, and performed 



127 [ 1 ] 

gallant and efficient service. I also take pleasure in adding that 
Sergeant Major Eakin, although separated from his regiment, be- 
haved gallantly and performed good service. 

7^e following is a list of the killed and wounded in my regiment: 

Killed. — Private John L. Koontz, company F. 
Wounded. — Private S. J. Thompson, company F, supposed mor- 
tally. 
Do Private Joseph Lord, company F, slightly. 

Do Private M. Hoffman, company F, slightly. 

Do Private J. Little, company H, severely in the foot. 

Do Private J. O'Hara, company H, in six different places. 

Do Private Lyons, company H, slightly in shoulder. 

Do Private A. Harvey, company H, slightly in the groin. 

Do Lieut. D. S. Lee, (adj't) a flesh wound in the left leg. 

I am, with respect, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM MONTROSE GRAHAM, 
Lieutenant Colonel llth Infantry ^ commanding Regiment. 
Captain George Deas, 

^. Ji. General^ General Cadwalader^s Brigade. 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, Volunteer Division, 

San Jiugustin^ September 7, 1847, 

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the reports of Colonel 
W. B. Burnett, of the New York regiment of volunteers, and 
Lieutenant Colonel J. P. Dickinson, South Carolina regiment, of 
the operations of their regiments on the 19th and 20th of August, 
1847. 

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JAMES SHIELDS, 
Brigadier General^ commanding 1st Brig. Volunteers, 

Captain H. L. Scott, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General. , 



FOR BRIGADIER GENERAL SHIELDS. 

Official report of the part performed ly the 1st regiment U. S. 
volunteers of Kew York, in the investment and capture of the 
city of Mexico. 

The volunteer brigade commanded by Brigadier General Shields, 
to which the regiment under my command belongs, left the city of 
Puebla on the 8th, and encamped at Buena Vista on the llth, in 
full view of the country surrounding the city of Mexico, and ar- 
rived at San Augustin in position for the investment, on the 19th 



[1] 



128 



»i 



II 



day of August, 1847. Generals Pillow and Twiggs, with the 3d 
and 2d divisions of regulars, left San Augustin on the morning of 
the 19th, and at 3, p. m., the New York and South Carolina regi- 
ments were ordered to their support under Brigadier General 
Shields. The regiment marched immediately, leaving Major Burn- 
ham with a force of about one hundred men, consisting of company 
C, under the command of Captain Barclay, Lieutenants Sherwood 
and Boyle, a detachment of thirty-five men from the different com- 
panies, and twelve sick. The regiment pursued its way across the 
Pena, a series of ledges of rocks and chasms, with great difficulty, 
^nd at the deep ravine, through which a torrent falls some eight or 
ten feet, lost their way, and returned to San Augustin. At mid- 
night we reached the village of San Geronimo, in a drenching rain; . 
every hut was occupied, and orir troops, wet and weary, wer§ 
obliged to stand under arms in the road until daylight, when the 
enemy's works in the immediate vicinity of the village were to hejk 
stormed by the 2d division of regulars. We then repaired to 
the church and other shelters in its neighborhood, by order of 
General Shields, to prepare our arms for action. As the sun rose, 
the cheers of the storming party were heard, and our men assem- 
bled to meet the legions of the enemy, who were retreating upon 
their fortifications nearer to the city of Mexico. We captured 
three hundred and thirty-six prisoners; and amongst them was one 
general, two colonels, and many subaltern officers, with at least 
two hundred stand of arms, lances, horses, &c., &c. 

The regiment was then ordered to return to its former position 
at the church, from which small commands were sent to overtake 
the straggling parties of the enemy, in which they were particularly 
successful, under the direction of Captain J. P. Taylor and his first 
lieutenant, A. W. Taylor. ' 

At about 9, a. m., we received orders to join the advance upon 
the city of Mexico, leaving company D, and about 50 men of other 
companies, that had not yet returned from scouting, in charge of 
the prisoners. We marched from the village of Geronimo with 
about 300 officers and men. After passing through San Angel, and 
halting for a short time, the 2d division of regulars engaged the 
enemy at Churubusco ; we were soon ordered to countermarch, 
and directed, wath other troops, to turn the enemy's right and i each 
the rear of that formidable position. The New York regiment 
was now upon the right of the brigade. We followed the roadway ^ 
for about one mile, crossed a ditch into low wet grounds, pursued our ; 
way for about one mile and a half more, through corn-fields and r 
marshes, and reached the enemy's right and rear at Los Portales. ^ 
The whole line, in consequence of the character of the ground over i 
which it had passed, was very much extended, so that a few min- 
utes were lost in forming the regiment to the front. ^ . 
During this time, it was discovered that the enemy's works were" ] 
flanked by an embankment, with a deep ditch extending parallel to ^ 
a roadway, for more than a mile to the rear and to the hacienda of , 
the Los Portales. This formidable breastwork and hacienda were ; 
occupied by at least 3,000 infantry, besides large bodies of cavalry. 



I 



129 [ 1 ] 

It was not until our line was formed to charge this worir, that the 
enemy was discovered with large parties of other troops, endeavor- 
ing to turn our left; but we had now reached a point where we 
were receiving a random fire from the enemy's line at 'a distance of 
about 350 yards; the order to charge was received with cheers, and 
the regiment advanced to within 100 yards of the enemy's line, under 
a most terrific fire; in which, I was wounded in the left leg b}^ an 
escopette ball, compelling me to turn over the command to Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Chas. Baxter. The reginacnt being as yet entireh'- 
unsupported, it was thought advisable to retire until the South 
Carolina regiment, in our rear, could come up and form on our left, 
which that gallant regiment did in most handsome style. Gen. Shields 
then ordered the two regiments, or parts of regiments, to charge on 
the enemy's line, which they did most bravely up to the bavonets 
of the enemy, crossing the ditch, breaking their line, and reachino- 
the roadway, where We planted the standards of our States and 
nation; but this advantage was gained at a great loss — out of less 
than 300 officers and men, who entered the fight, 103 were killed 
and wounded. A fevv' v/ere now sent back to see to the dead and 
wounded. The remnant of the two regiments was again ordered 
to advance upon the city of Mexico. In advancing, the e\Temy 
retired in pretty good order, until w^e were joined by a piece of 
artillery, captured from the enemy and commanded by Captain 

Ayres, regiment United States artillery, maniied principally 

by volunteers. This piece was discharged, several tir.aes at the 
coluians of the" cavalry; which caused the enemy to retreat in dis- 
order. We were then halted, and ordered back to Los Portales. 

In this desperate engagement, v-v'hcre almost all were heroes, it 
is difficult to name those who most distinguished themselves. AH 
who were there, may ever remember with pride that they partici- 
pated in one of the most daring charges ever made by Americans 
against an enemy. 

There were those in the command, who were foremost and stea- 
diest in every movement, from whom I take this occasion to name 
Lieutenant Colonel Charles Baxter, who had two horses shot under 
him during the engagement; Captains Garret Dyckman, Daniel E. 
Hungerford, particularly distinguished themselves, Morton Fair- 
child, and Abraham Van O'Linda; Lieutenants Wayne Reid, (com- 
manding company B,) who particularly distinguished himself* Jacob 
Griffin, company H; Charles F. Brov/er, commanding company 
F; J. B. Miller, commanding company A; Charles H. Jones, com- 
pany G; James S. McCabe, company K; J. W. Henney, of com- 




■ >». » J. U. ii 1, ! V 

vancing in front of tne colors; Color Sergeant Romaine, v/ith the 
national color, who, after receiving a wound in his right arm, 
carried the color in his left, and it was not until he received the 
third and mortal wound that the colors, fell In falling, Corporal 
Lake, of the colors, seized it, and was immediatel-y shot down. 
Orderly Sergeant Doremus, of company A, again saved it from the 



[1] 



130 



ground, and carried it throughout the engagement. The State 
color Tras gallantly carried by Sergeant Rogers, of company I, 
during the battle. Sergeant Barber, company I; Orderly Sergeamt 
Fitzgerald, of company E; and Orderly Sergeant Wilson, of com- 
pany G, vrho, after being wounded, so that he could not use hi» 
musket, assisted Captain Ayres in directing the piece of artillery. 
Adjutant R. A. Carter behared gallantly throughout the engage- 
ment; he vras sent at one time for medical assistance, and during 
his absence, as well as throughout the day, Captain James F. Hut- 
ton, United States commissary, and Lieutenant George B. Hall, 
A. A. Q., assisted the commanding officer, and rendered most 
efficient seryice. It is with the highest pleasure that I recommend 
to your notice Assistant Surgeon Mina B. Halsted, acting surgeon 
of the regiment; his skill and activity can be alluded to by you 
■with higher encomiums than my own; he was with the wounded 
prisoners in the morning, and with our wounded in the evening, 
and night and day, ever since, in our hospital, attending the 
wounded of other corps. He speaks in the highest terms of Dr. 
John G. McKibbin, acting assistant surgeon, who rendered him 
efficient aid in the performance of his duties. To Dr. Swift, U. S. 
A., I would here return my most hearty thanks, for his care and 
attention. With the deepest regret I must here mention the un- 
timely death of Lieutenant Edgar Chandler, who fell mortally 
wounded early in the action, whilst fearlessly standing by his 
colors. 

X In conclusion, I am proud to say, for my gallant regiment, that 
this was the third occasion in which we served under the same 
commander, with equal success. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, Sec, 

WARD B. BURNETT, 

Colo?iel. 



Quarters, San Augfstiit, South Carolina Regiment, 

August 23, 1847. 

General: Early on the morning of the 20th instant. Colonel 
Butler, in pursuance of your orders, marched his command to the [i. 
road running to the south of his quarters, by which it was reported 
many Mexicans were retreating from the field of Contreras to the 
city of Mexico. Owing to thick patches of maguay and a rugged 
lavine. he could not reach his position until several hundred of the 
enemy' had passed. As we emerged from the ravine into a field 
extending to the road, (which field was flanked on our right by a 
stone wall, extending also to the road, and enclosing an orchard,) 
we discovered large masses of the enemy in the road before us; and 
although they perceived us at the same time, they were unable to 
escape beyond our reach until every gun in the battalion had been 
brought to bear upon them. Most, however, had broken into an 
open field opposite, which only more exposed them to our fire, j 
Throuo-h this field, in full musket range of our position, mingled 

ft 



131 [1] 

gro«ps of their caralry and infantry continued to paw. Shortly, 
howerer, vre perceired large rangseg forming in line of battle, under 
corer of the stone -vrall already mentioned, and that a large body 
was advancing from the orchard, or right flank, and rear. Colonel 
Butler immediately changed front to the right, by a flank more- 
ment, and brought the enemy, in both their positions, as they ad- 
vanced from corer, under his fire. This they returned for a short 
time, and then retired. Colonel Butler, perceiring that others of the 
enemy were passing through the field in our front, left a few files 
to guard our rear, formed again on the road, and maintained a steady 
fire upon the enemy, who continued to pass for about twenty miri- 
"utes. Large bodies of Mexicans then came forward and surrendered 
themselves to Colonel Butler, who, seeing other bodies still coming, 
remained upon the road with three companies, while the rest of the 
regiment, in pursuance of an order from^thc general, retired beyond 
the ravine, to oppose a very large body of cavalry appearing in our 
rear. Of the enemy, 127 were killed and wounded, and 217 taken 
prisoners. Among the latter, were the following officers of rank: 
One general officer, two staff officers, two colonels, three lieuten- 
ant colonels, four commandants, three captains, and four lieuten- 
ants. 

Our own loss, from the random fire of the enemy, was but one 
sergeant severely wounded, and one private slightly. 

Captain Marshall, with his company, (E,) was left as a guard over 
the prisoners, who were placed in a church, and the regiment soon 
after took up its line of march on the road to Mexico. About noon 
the regiment was ordered to make a detour to the left, and strike 
upon the same road a short distance from the village of Churubusco 
to eut off the retreat of the enemy from their works on the right, as 
it was reported that the works had been carried by our troops. On 
arriving at the scene of the subsequent action, we found that the 
New York regiment, in consequence of the numbers of horsemen 
and the small corps of the howitzer battery having intruded them- . 
selves betwixt us and thera, were gome three hundred yards in ad- 
vance of us, and the 9th infantry, attached for some time to our 
brigade, nearly the same distance in our rear. At the proper point 
we proceeded to form line of battle, and as soon as the two right 
flank companies were in line we were ordered to advance — despatch 
in reaching the road to cut off the retreat being considered of minor 
importance than a regular advance. Before, however, one-half of 
the companies were in line, we found the New York regiment retir- 
ing under cover of the hacienda to our right; and as soon as our 
line was unmasked by this regiment, we found ourseh^s exposed to 
a heavy fire from the road, which appeared to be densely filled with 
Mexican troops, as also the hacienda, to the left of the field we 
occupied, and immediately on the road. 

As we had attempted, for the reasons stated, not in perfect order 
in our line of battle, and as that appeared now indispensable, we ' 
were ordered to march by the right flank. As we reached the left 
flank of the New York regiment, to obtain cover previous to new 
aaoTements of attack, as the hacienda did not possess sufficient 



1] 



132 



breadth to protect the flanks in forming line of battle in its rear, i 
the battalion was ordered to form by companies, and to march ia j 
column to the line in advance of the hacienda, and a little to its j 
left, upon which the general in person had placed himself; then | 
they were ordered to deploy upon the color company. The com- j 
panics upon the left wing formed in regular order, but some com- 
panies on the right were, thrown into confused masses, by the-ob- i 
struction, of miscellaneous troops belonging to different arms of the t 
service; this was mostly remedied when the advance was ordered. 
The line continued to advance, under a heavy fire, some twenty 
paces in rear of the general, to about one hundred tmd fifty yards^ 
when they were hailed. The general had cautioned the men not to 
open their fire until he gave the order; but, directly they halted, the i 
general took his position in line of battle, and at this time, the 
squad of mixed troops upon our extreme right, already mentioned, ^ 
commenced firing, and the battalion, supposing the order given, 
opened their fire. 

It was understood by the field officers, to have been the general's 
intention to have made our battalion the base of formation of the 
others attached to his brigade, and that as soon as the whole were 
in line, they w^ere to advance v/ithin easy musket range of the road, ^ 
where they w^re to open their fire, or to charge, as he should deem i 
best. As the firing had already commenced, and ditf not interfere 
with the formation of the other battalion, it was permitted to con- 
tinue. As soon, however, as one or tv/o companies of the New York 
regilhent appeared, marching up to our right, the order was given 
to charge, and thtj battalion was gallantly led forward by Major 
Gladden, then in cgmmand of the regiment. The colonel had been 
killed directly after our fire had been opened, and the lieutenant 
colonel severely wounded a few minutes before the' charge. Our 
line of battle numbered, at the commencement, 3 field officers, 1 
s.taff officer, "X. captains. 24 lieutenants, 22 sergeants, 273 rank and 
file. After the battle, the number who were- unwounded and for 
'dutj'^jWas 1 field officer, (major,) 5 captains, 18 lieutenants, 12 ser- 
geants, 169 rank and file. The total, from loss in the engagement i 
in killed and wounded, was 137. M 

The major reports to me, that upon reaching the position of the 
enemy he found that they had abandoned it, and were in full retreat 
/"or the city. Several companies were ordered in pursuit, the others 
formed as a reserve upon the road. The whole were shortly ordered 
to advance by the general, but in consequence of the large number 
of killed and wounded reported to him, the battalion was soon after 
ordered back to the hacienda, now converted into an hospital. The 
three companfts sent in pursuit were overtaken by a piece of artil- 
lery, which they supported nearly to the suburbs of the city, and 
until they were recalled. 

Captain Marshall, who rejoined the regiment with his command 
.at this place, reports to me, that soon after the battalion had left 
the church, where the prisoners were placed under his charge, find- 
ing himself destitute of provisions, he sent a detachment of his com- 
pany to forage for fruit and green corn. This detachment surprised 



133 - [1] 

-a party of Mexican soldiers engaged in the same pursuit ; they killed 
one and captured forty-three, whom they brought back and de- 
livered to their captain. This makes the total number taken at 
this place 260, which, with 127 killed and wounded, makes a total 
of 387. 

I should be unjust to the officers of the regiment and to my own 
feelings, were I to close this report without acknov/ledging the gal- 
lant manner in which all grades of the officers performed their du- 
ties, and sustained the honor of their flag. Until the engagement 
of the evening, our regiment had been in no very dangerous position, 
and the troops, in that regard, were raw and' inexperienced. Upon 
that occasion, each officer had to lead his command, and the number 
in killed and wounded shows how faithfully they met the necessity. 
Our noble and unfortunate commander had his horse shot under 
him, at the head of the command, in the first engagement. A short 
time after, he received a wound in the leg, in the bend of the knee, 
and was compelled to yield the command J;o his next in rank; but, 
a moment after, finding that the leg was not broken, he continued 
with the regiment, and marched with it in advance, under a heavy 
fire, to the position where they were halted, and where they opened 
their fire. Here he had scarcely taken his position near the colors, 
when he received a ball in the left side of his head, which instanta- 
neously terminated his life. As you witnessed yourself^ his gallant 
bearing, I will only add, that he was not only a brave officer, but a 
guardian and father to his regiment, 

I have already stated that the occasion required of every officer a 
fearless example to his command, and that it was fully met by all. 
A few instances of gallantry, falling accidently under my imme- 
diate notice, I will mention as characteristic of the whole corps 
of officers. Major Gladden attracted my attention by his usual re- 
gard for regularity : disorder, however partial, seemed alone to give 
him concern. He was always at his post and his duty. Captains 
Sumter and Dunovants, of the flank companies, exhibited that prompt- 
ness and order so necessary on the flanks. Never once "did I see 
either corps in broken order, or behind its time upon the line or in 
the advance. The first lost its flower in the fight, and ended the 
engagement Avithout enough to bury its dead and bear[its wounded 
to the hospital. In the deployment upon the color company, (Cap- 
tain Walker's,) and Captain Dessaussure's, which formed the first 
upon its left, were nearly annihilated. I was on the right of Cap- 
tain Dessaussure, and saw his clothing literally riddled with bul- 
lets. He stood on the right and front during all the firing, exhibiting 
such cool courage, that not one of his men wavered, though the 
foot of each was bathed in the blood of his next comrade. Captain 
William Blanding, of company F, and Lieutenant Moragne, com- 
manding company D, bore their -company flags on the right flank of 
their companies during the heaviest of the fire. The latter received 
his from the dying hands of his gallant subaltern. Lieutenant 
Adams, who fell with it in his hands; and the former, from his 
color sergeant. Hicks, who had fallen with it, severely wounded. 
Captain Moffatt, of company C, received a severe wound in the leg, 



[1] 



134 



but remained on duty till a rapid adrance of the line left him be- 
hind. Lieutenant Clark, comifaanding company G, -vras attracting 
my attention, by giring some orders in his usual quick and temper- 
ate manner, when he receired what I fear will prove a mortal 
wound. Captain J. D. Blanding being unmounted, and the com- 
mand small, attached himself as a supernumerary to the company, 
to which he originally belonged, and. was wounded whilst sharing 
its fortmes in the honor and danger of the fight. Adjutant James 
Canty was most painfully wounded, while actively engaged in ex- 
tending his orders, by a wound in the mouth, striking out several of 
his teeth and bruising his throat and jaw. Lieutenants Abney and 
Sumter were each severely wounded during the first of the engage- 
ment, but remained on duty with their companies till the close. 
Lieutenants Cousarte and Se«rest, who were on furlough, and whose 
companies had been reduced at the last muster, very bravely and 
patriotically attached themselves to the companies to w^hich had 
been transferred the men of their companies, and did effective duty 
in the ranks with muskets in their hands. 

The district of Lancaster, though unrepresented by a company, is 
duly entitled to a proportionate share in the bloody honors of the 
day, there being as many of her sons killed and weunded in the bat- 
tle, in proportion to numbers, as there was in any corps of the 
regiment. Sergeant Perrin, of company E, and private Earle, of 
company G, attached to the quartermaster's department, joined the 
ranks of their companies Vith muskets in their hands.. Lieutenant 
Shubriek, of the brigade staff, having lost his horse, attached himself 
to company F, from his native city, where he did c^uty throughout 
the engagement. Having no mounted field officers or adjutant. Cap- 
tain Hammond, of the brigade staff, at my request, communicated 
the orders of the general directly to the captains of companies, 
whenever the noise of the engagement prevented their being heard. 
I beg leave to acknowledge my obligations to him, and to express 
my admiration of his very gallant bearing during the engagement. 
Very respectfully submitted. 

J. P. DICKINSON, 

Lieut. Colonel Commanding. 

To Brigadier General Shields, 

Com^manding \st Brigade^ Volunteers. 



Tacubata, Mexico, September 10, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report, in relation 
to the general disposition of the artillery serving with the 1st divi- 
sion in the battle of Molino del E-ey, on the 8th September, 1847 : 

A close reconnoissance was made of the enemy's lines on the 
morning of 7th September, by Captain Mason, of the engineers. 
The enemy was found to be dr^wn up at the foot of the ridge that 
slopes gradually to the plain below; his left resting upon and occu- 
pying a range of strong stone buildings, called Molino del Rey, 



135 [1] 

(supposed to be a foundry,) immediatel j under the guns of Chapul- 
tepec; his right resting on and occupying another stone building, 
©ailed Casa de Mata, Four pieces of field artillery were posted 
midway between these buildings, and either interval between the 
battery and the flanks was occupied by infantry. 

The Molino del Rey appeared, and proved to be ,the strong point 
of the position; and the centre of the line, his weak point. 

A second reconnoissance was, by direction of the general, made 
in the afternoon by Captain Mason. Accompanied by myself, with 
a view to the selection of positions for our artillery, the recon- 
noissance of the morning was in the main confirmed, and the i"ol- 
lowing disposition of the artillery was approved and ordered by 
the general: 

One 8-j)ounder of Captain Drum's battery was placed to strengthen 
the picket posted on the main road leading to the city; two other 
pieces of the same battery were attached to Colonel Garland's 
brigade; which, constituting our right, looked to the enemy's left 
as well as Chapultepec. 

Two 24-pounders, under Captain Huger, were posted on the ridge 
from 5 to 600 yards from the Molino del Rey, for the purpose of 
battering this building. The field battery under my immediate 
command was, with Colonel Mcintosh's brigade, posted higher up 
the ridge, to give strength to our left flank; and as the entire ridge 
was practicable for artillery, this battery would be available for 
any part of the field where the events of the day might render it 
necessary. 

Agreeably to instructions, the movement commenced at 3 o'clock 
in the morning, and some time before daylight the guns and troops 
were all in position. The attack commenced at early dawn, by the 
opening of the battering guns under Captain Huger upon Molino 
del Rey. The events of the day brought the active services of all 
the batteries in requisition; and I beg leave to refer the general to 
the accompanying reports, of their respective commanders, for the 
details of the operations of each; the battery under my immediate 
command being the only one whose services came under my personal 
observation. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JAMES DUNCAN, 
Brevet Lieuteiiant Colonel^ U. S. A, 

Captain W. W. Mackall. 

A. A. General, U. S. A. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, Sept. 10, 1847. 

Sir: For the information of the general commanding 1st division, 
I have the honor to submit the following report, in relation to the 
operations of the field battery under my command, in the combat 
of Molino del Rey, fought on 8th September, ,1847. 

Under cover of the darkness, having gained the position pre- 



[1] 



136 



Tiously determined upon, the battery, supported by the 2d brigade 
under Colonel Mcintosh, halted in column, till in the early dawn 
we were enabled to see the enemy's lines, when the battery and 
brigade were deployed in front of his right wing; about this time 
• our heavy guns opened on the Molino del Rey, and our line ad- 
vanced; when, within about 600 yards, the enemy opened his field 
battery, and soon after his whole infantry line, on the left of Casa 
de Mata, a strong stone building near the right of his position. 
Our battery was at once opened on the right of that part of the 
enemy's lines that was engaged; his fire soon slackened in thi» 
point, and shortly after ceased — his troops taking shelter either 
behind their breast'works or in Casa de Mata. 

The 2d brigade was now ordered forward, to assault the right of 
the enemy's position; its point of direction soon caused it to mask 
the left section of our battery, the right, under , Lieutenant Hunt, 
continuing i!s fire. As soon as it was light enough to distinguish 
objects in the distance, a very large cavalry and infantry force was 
seen mofing down upon our left flank, to reinforce the enemy's 
right. In order to check this movement, the left section of the 
battery under Lieutenant Hays was rapidly moved to the extreme 
left of our line, where it was soon joined by the right section 
under Lieutenant Hunt, its fire in the first position having become 
masked by our troops moving to the assault. In the meantime, 
squadron after squadron of -the enemy's cavalry came rushing on; 
when the head of their column reached within easy range, the bat- 
tery opened upon them, and soon checked their onward career; 
their masses stood the effects of a few discharges, when they broke 
and fled in disorder, the battery continuing to fire upon them till 
out of reach; the enemy's infantry on our left, Seeing his cavalry 
driven back in confusion, halted under cover beyond fire. 

Our infantry troops, being checked by the murderous fire poured 
in them from Casa de Mata and the breast . heights in front of this 
building, fell back in reac of the battery, all the guns of which 
(having disposed of the cavalry) were now available for Casa de 
Mata audits entrenchments, at which they were accordingly point- 
ed; and, after a few minutes' brisk and uncommonly well directed 
fire, the enemy abandoned this strong position. His line of retreat 
brought his flying columns agaiui^under the close 'fire of our bat- 
tery, which continued to play upon them till out of reach. 

Our troops on the right, and. gallant assaulting party, haring 
forced the enemy's centre and left, the field was now won at every 
point. 

Soon after the 2d brigade moved forward to the assault, our bat- 
tery was joined by the voltigeurs, under Colonel Johnson, who 
posted them in a deep ravine immediately on the left of the bat- 
tery, where they aff'orded us secure support. 

The firing at the cavalry, as well as at the retreating forces from 
Casa de Mata, was, a great part of it, over the heads of our own. 
troops, tlie position of the ground enabling us to fire over without 
risk of injuring them. 

It is my pleasing duty again to call uttenticn to the services of 



A* 



137 [1] 

the officers associated with me. Lieutenants H. J. Hunt, W. Hays, 
and H. F. Clarke, were under the hottest fire, and discharged their 
respective duties with a calmness and intelligence that merit the 
warmest commendation; they were all struck by the enemy's shot, 
but, fortunately, not disabled in the execution of their duties. 
These officers have seen much service with the battery, both before 
and since the war began; and to their cordial co-operation, zeal, 
and intelligence, the efficiency of the battery under my command 
is mainly attributable. In relation to the conduct of my non-com- 
missioned officers and men, I can only repeat on this, what I have 
stated on former occasions, that it merits the highest praise I can 
bestow upon it. Sergeants McKenzie, Piatt, Slamler, and Benson, 
were equally meritorious in the discharge of their duties as chiefs 
of pieces. 

Great praise is due to Sergeant Benson, for his energy and firm- 
ness in rallying and driving back to their ranks some fugitives who 
had deserted their colors and comrades in the hour of danger. 

Herewith I enclose a list of the names of non-commissioned offi- 
cers and men wounded, and a statemant of other casualties of the 
battery, from which it appears that sixteen non-commissioned offi- 
cers and men were wounded; six horses killed and thirteen wounded. 

I beg leave to tender my'thanks to G. W. Kendall, Esq., of 
Louisiana, v/ho volunteered and executed an important and exceed- 
ingly hazardous reconnoissance, which enabled me, in the imperfect 
light of the morning, to distinguish our own troops from those of 
the enemy; and for his gallantry in transmitting to and from the 
general such instructions and intelligence, during the heat of the 
engagement, as circumstances rendered necessary. 

Tery respectfully, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, 

J4MES DUKCAN, 
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. A. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Assistant Adjutant General, U. S. A. 



Hbad-quarters, 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 
Tacuhaya, September 10th, 1847. 

Captain: In accordance with instructions from division head- 
quarters, I have the honor to submit the following report of the 
operations of my brigade against the enemy on the 8th instant at 
El Molino del Key: 

The brigade, with a section of two guns, (sixes,) under Captain 
Drum, 4th artillery, was under arms at 3 o'clock, a. m., on the 8th, 
and reached the position assigned to it by division order No. 95. 

Perceiving the strong force opposed to the assaulting column, 
my brigade was ordered to advance upon the enemy, and support 
this column. The charge was quickly and gallantly made. Immedi- 
ately in front of the defences, were two guns of the enemy which 
opened upon my advancing columns. The artillery, under Captain 



[1] 



138 



Drum, assisted by the infantry, drore them from their pieces and 
captured them. The artillery was then put in battery at this point, 
and with the firing of the infantry, assisted in driying the enemy 
from the strong buildings of the Molino. A portion of this brigade 
broke into the buildings, and simultaneously with a part of the 2d 
brigade succeeded, after a serere conflict, in causing the enemy to 
retire from their strongholds, capturing at the same time a large 
number of prisoners — officers and soldiers. The artillery then 
moved to the road leading to Chapultepec, and fired with great ef- 
fect upon the enemy, who were advancing from that direction, and 
with a part of the 4th infantry and other regiments, caused them to 
retrace their steps. A piece of artillery of large calibre came up 
in time to assist in this repulse of the enemy. A part of the 4th in- 
fantry, with some troops of the 2d brigade, pursued them a few 
hundred yards towards Chapultepec, drove them from one of their 
breastworks, and occupied it until the object being accomplished, 
they were withdrawn. 

A portion of the brigade moved towards a strong work to the 
left, occupied by the enemy, drove them from it, and closely pur- 
sued them across the fields. Lieutenant Peck, light battalion, being 
opportunely at hand, took charge of the captured guns and rendered 
good service at several points. Several attempts were made by the 
enemy's infantry to retake the strong position from whi«h they had 
been driven, but they were quickly repulsed. 

The wounded of the command, together with all the captured 
guns, except one rendered unserviceable, and the ammunition, not 
destroyed on the field, having been sent into Tacubaya, in obedi- 
ence to your order, and everything being in readiness for the com- 
mand to return to their former quarters. Lieutenant Colonel Belton, 
3d artillery, was ordered to conduct them in — other troops having 
arrived to replace them. 

It is due to Lieutenant Colonel jBelton to state that he was not 
informed by me of the contemplated attack upon the enemy, he 
having been placed on special duty by the commanding general of 
the army, and n*ot subsequently reported on duty with his regiment, 
which marched out under the command of Captain Burke. It is 
proper further to remark that, almost at the moment of carrying the 
enemy's works, I found Colonel Belton near the head of the col- 
umn, and conducting matters in that part of the field with energy 
and eff"ect. 

To the commanders of battalions. Captain Mackenzie, 2d artillery. 
Captain Bur.ke, 3d artillery, and Major Lee, 4th infantry, my thanks 
are due for the prompt and spirited manner in which they led their 
regiments up to the enemy's works, carrying them as they did in 
conjunction with Captain Drum's battery, which was conducted 
with boldness and skill. Too much praise cannot be given to this 
unassuming but efficient officer. Interesting particulars will be 
found in his report; which, together with those of other commanders, 
will be found herewith, marked A, B, C, D, and E, and filled with 
interesting details. 

Brexet Major Buchanan, 4th infantry, Captain Anderson, 3d ar- 



139 [ 1 ] 

tillery, and Lieutena»t Sedgewick, 2d artillery, appear to hare been 
particularly distinguished for their gallant defence of the captured 
"fforks. 

The report of Captain Drum, in addition to what fell under my 
own observation, forces upon me the agreeable task of calling at- 
tention to the distinguished serrices of brevet Captain Nichols, A. 
A. A. G. of the brigade, and Lieutenant H. Thom, my acting 
aid-de-camp. More than ordinary duty was required of them, in 
consequence of ray feeble health. To say that they justified my 
highest expectation, would not be giving to them one moiety of the 
praise due to them. The latter, although wounded, in advancing 
one of the field pieces, continued to press ahead and was, with 
Captain Anderson and some few others, the very first to enter the 
Btrong position of El Molino. 

A list of casualities will be found appended to the reports of 
regimental»commanders. 

Most respectfully, I am, captain, your obedient servant, 

* JNO. GARLAND. 

Brevet Colonel, U. S. A. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Assistant Adjutant General, \st Divisisn. 



Head-quarters Battalion, 2d Regiment Artillery, 

Tacubaya, Mexico, September 9, 1847. 

Sir: In pursuance of instructions, I have the honor to report the 
operations of the battalion of the 2d regiment of artillery in the 
Ijattle of yesterday. 

I yesterday furnished, for division bead-quarters, a list of the 
killed and wounded, and I accompany this report with a duplicate 
of that list. 

Two lieutenants, and 64 non-commissioned officers and privates, 
having been detached to form the storming party, this battaliqn 
inarched to the field — 6 oflFiCers, and 146 non-comn*ssioned officers 
and privates, strong. 

The attack commenced by the columns on our left, and the order 
having been received for the brigade to advance, the battalion 
moved rapidly into the fight through the fire of the enemy's battery 
and a body of infantry, availing itself however in this, by the par- 
tial protection of a wall on its right, inclined from the enemy's 
battA-y. Gaining npw a passage through the walL the enemy's 
battery, already abandoned, was. passed, and the battalion passing 
into an exterior court of the Molino, engaged the enemy from its 
roofs, and also a force now discovered to the rear of the position. 
Th':: entrance into the body of the place was now forced, and, the 
defence below abandoned by the enemy, he was engaged upon the 
terrace, which was long, and with a display of obstinacy main- 
tained by him.. The Molino entirely conquered, the battalion 
moved again to the left, where it was again sharply engaged, espe- 
cially in a subsequent charge boldly made by .the enemy in force 
and gave efficient aid in repelling him. 



[1] 



140 



The colors of the battalion had been joined, during the attack or 
the Molino, by the detachments it had furnished for the storming 
force — the two Lieutenants, Shackelford and Daniels, who led this 
detachment having fallen wounded. It stood diminished again in 
the subsequent fight, by a detachment left by me on my more to the 
left, as a part of the guard over the prisoners in the Molino, and 
for the defence of that position. 

Officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, evinced a high 
character for bravery throughout the battle, and a constancy and 
enthusiasm on occasions, when the former was called for. I wit- 
nessed this particularly among a few of the men engaged in un- 
equal conflict on the terrace. 

Among the 'commissioned officers I notice my adjutant, Lieut. 
Anderson, for his prominency, where all were active and brave. 
Quartermaster Sergeant, James M. Robinson, displayed much gal- 
lantry under a shower of cannister from the enemy, andin bringing 
a field piece to bear on the fight in the early part of the engagement j 
and, I am informed, he saved the life of Lieutenant Thom,an officer 
of the brigade staff, on one occasion, by the timely use of his sword. 

I subjoin the names of the officers engaged with the battalion., 
viz: Captain Brooks, Lieutenants Sedgewick and Allen, lieutenant 
"VVoodbridge, A. A. Q., and Lieutenant Anderson, acting ad- 
jutant. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

L. MACKENZIE, 
C(ij)tai7i 2d Artillery^ commanding. 

Captain W. A. Nichols, 

Acting Ast. Adj. Gen., 1st Brigade, 1st Division. 



Head-quarters, 3d Regiment Artillery, 

Tacubaya, September 9, 1847. 

Sir: I hare the honor to submit the following report of the bpe- 
Tations of the mh instant: This may be considered the sequel of 
the report of Captain Burke, 3d artillery, commanding the regi- 
ment up to a certain point in the action, when he was relieved by 
me. The order for the movement of the regiment, early in the 
morning, was not communicated to me, as I had arranged and ex- 
pected; and the movement had commenced when I succeeded in 
placing myself with it. When the white flag of surrende|l was 
hoisted by the enemy on the works of the hacienda, mill, and foun- 
dry, a small part of the 3d artillery, detached from several compa- 
nies within the walls, under Lieutenants Andrews, Shields, and 
Lendrum, was, with detachments of the first brigade, disposed by 
me, as senior officer present, to resist the attacks threatened on the 
left of that position by the road in the rear of Chapultepec, and 
also by the road intersecting at right angles with it at the hacienda. 
The enemy was then in considerable force on the i*oad, with an 18- 
pounder, rallied with the determination to regain their position. 
Captaia Drum, 4th artillery, witk two 6-pounders, was ordered by 



141 [1] 

me to this pointj and, after a decisive and sharp fire, assisted hj 
Lieutenant Peck, 2d artillery, with a 6-pounder of the enemy, 
turned on them as soon as possible, cleared th» road, and left the 
l8-pounder in our hands. This I found spiked, but imperfectly; 
and, as it was impossible to bringit off without a limber, the demo- 
lition of the carriage and secure spiking commenced. The dnemy 
appeared again in force and detached a part to the left of the road 
to gain the intersecting road, and join what appeared to be a foTce 
preparing for a charge in the other direction. The fire became 
vivid from artillery and small arms, and the attack was entirely re- 
pulsed. Companies of the 4th, 6th, and 8th infantry, then pushed 
down the road, some' six to eight hundred yards, driving the enemy 
under Chapultepec. To aid this last ope'ration, I had begged that 
a gun from«the siege battery should be put in position above the , 
road, which was done with good effect. After v/hich, Captain Drum 
and his section were withdrawn for the want of ammunition. An 
order then received, to render the captured iS-pounder useless^ 
and to withdraw all other captured property of value, vand to de- 
stroy the ammunition in the hacienda and mill, was attended to. 
An ammunition wagon of the enemy was taken to the rear, with 
their mule^ the 6-pounder got round by hanl:!, there being no lim- 
ber; a large quantity of fixed ammunition, of useless calibres, de- 
stroyed; and the large amount of prisoners, from tire hacienda and 
works, sent to the rear, escorted by the available force of the 3d ar- 
tillery. Captain Burke, 3d artillery, and company K, 3d artillery, 
Lieutenant Johnston, and a. company of the 2d artillery, under 
Lieutenant Sedgwick, posted \vitnin the works,' were , now vrith- 
drawn, after destroying the ammunition found there, and ineffectual 
attempts to burn the cpm^ustible parts of the buildings. 

These arrangements having been completed,, and the wounded 
collected and disposed of in the ambulances and wagons, the first 
division was put by me in march for Tacubaya, the command hav- 
ing been relinquished by Colonel Garland.' The body of the gal- 
lant Captain Ayres was brought in on the shouldets of his regi- 
ment; as also the 9-pounder captured, an-d the remainder of the 
prisoners, able to march. • 

I beg to notice with commendation the activit} and gallantry of 
acting Adjutant Shields, Lieutenant Andrews, regimental quarter- 
master, and Lieutenant Lendrtim, 3d artillery, and the vigor, skill, 
and gallantry of Captain Drum and Lieutenant Porter, 4th artil- 
lery, with the section of 6-pounders, and of Lieutenant Peck, 2d 
artillery, with the 6-pounder captured froiji the enemy. 

I enclose herewith a return of the killed, wounded, 'and missing. 
I remain, with respect, your obedient servant, 

F. S. BELTON, 
Licutenaiit Colonel^ commanding 3d artillery. 

To Captain Nichols, • 

A. Ji. Generalj 1st brigade, 1st division. 



[1] 



142 



HsAD-QUJiaTBiis, 8d Artillery, 

Tacubayaj September 9, 1847. 

Sir: On the mornia^ of tte 8th September, the 3d artillery ira«^ 
Tinder my command. I was ordered to be in readiness to march at 
3 o'clock, a. m., and to join the remainder of the 1st brigade at that 
hour. This order "vras executed, and a few minutes before daylight 
the brigade mored on the road from this place to the Chapultepeo 
foundry. After halting about half an hour within 400 yards of this 
building, my regiment was ordered forward to support the storming 
party, and obeyed the order with promptness, notwithstanding a 
Strong fire of cannon and musketry swept the road and its vicinity. 
On nearing the foundry, I found the building well filled on the in- 
side and top with Mexican infantry. A portion of my command 
' was ordered to move on through the building, penetrating their way 
through gates, doors or windows, which presented themselves, and 
assisting in driving the enemy before them from room to room,, 
while the remainder climbed the roof, and aided handsomely in 
clearing the top of the building. The Mexicans disputed foot by 
foot our advance, and it was not until many were killed and more 
made prisoners that possession of the house was obtained. After 
one or two hours' hard fighting, the enemy were repulsed entirely; 
but a body of their troops soon after re-formed, and, moving down 
in the direction of the foundry, threatened the side next the fort. 
The 3d artillery were then ordered to the position near this side, 
and hold it; this was done. At this period of the day's operations, 
I was relieved from command of the regiment by Lieut. Colonel 
JBelton, and the remainder of the day carried out his orders in 
guarding ammunition, artillery, and prisoners. 

Of the wounded of the oflicers and men of my command, I am 
proud indeed; all did their duty. I take great pleasure, however,, 
in calling the attention of the brigade commander to the conduct 
of some of my officers. ^ ^ 

Captain Robert Anderson, (acting field oflScer) behaved with great 
heroism on this occasion. Even after receiving a severe and pain- 
ful wound, he continued' at thejiead of the column, regardless of 
pain and self-preservation, and setting a handsome example to his 
men of coolness, energy, and courage. 

Lieutenant Johnston, commanding company, was also in the ad- 
Tance, and deserves praise, as. well as his subaltern^ Lieutenant 
fjendrum. • 

Lieutensnt Andrews, (regimental quartermaster,) although ex- 
empted from line duty, from his staff appointment, volunteered his 
Services, and gallantly led his company into the warmest of the ac- 
tion. With the bearing of my acting adjutant, Lieutenant Shields, 
I am particularly well pleased. In addition to giving me all the 
assistance in his staff capacity, he was conspicuous in cheering 
and rallying the troops when they faltered, and among the foremost 
to lead. His conduct merits especial praise and notice. 

It is deeply painful to me to announce the death of Brevet Cap- 
tain G< W. Ayes. He was an ornament to his coiantry, his profes- 



143 [1] 

sion, and his regiment. A more chiralric amd dariag soldier never 
livedj none erer died a nobler death. He ^ai killed while charg- 
ing bravely at the head of his company. 
I am, sir, "yvith much respect, 

MARTIN BURKE, 
Commanding 3d regiment of Artillery. 
W. A. Nichols, 

A. A. Adj. General 1st Brigade. 



Head-qu'Arters, 4th Infantry, 
Tacubayttj Mexico, September 9, 1847. 

Sir : Agreeably to instructions, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the movements of the 4th infantry, yesterday, at 
the battle of El Molino del Rey. 

The battalion, except a detail of 100 men for the storming under 
Lieutenants Haller and Maloney, was formed on the left of the 
brigade, on the road leading to the mill, alid at a very short dis- 
tance from it. As soon as the order to advance and support the 
storming party was given, the movement was commenced with the 
greatest alacrity and animation, and in a few moments the mill was 
reached, in the face of a most destructive raking fire from the ene- 
my of musketry and grape shot. Here it became necessary to force 
a gate which opened into the yard of the building which was strongly 
barricaded with large beams, stones, and earth. Meanwhile, the 
enemy was keeping up a sievere fire from the house tfips, from the 
woods near the fort, and frota barricades in front of tke mill. That 
portion of the Mexicans nearest to us having been driven from the 
top of the house, I left Major Buchanan, who with great exertions 
had nearly succeeded in breaking open the gate, in command of a 
portion of the battalion, and proceeded down the road, in front of 
the mill, towards the battery on the road, driving the enemy from 
the top of the building. Arrived at t^e further extremity of the 
mill, I crossed diagonally from its corner to a hacienda with apor- * 
tion of my force, and with portions of other regiments, and suc- 
ceeded, after great exertions, in driving the enemy who occupied 
it in force, from this strong position, following up their retreat, 
and doing much execution. On entering the hacienda, I found 36 
prisoners, among them several officers, in charge of several men of 
different regiments without an officer, and, having secured them, I 
proceeded to re-form my battalion at the entrance, right of the 
mill. Colonel Garland now ordered me to support battalions of "^ 
the 6th and 8th infantry, advanced on a road north of Fort Chapul- 
tepec, and leading by it. This order was executed promptly and 
with spirit, when we were ordered to return, the enemy having 
retired, to our last position. 

The orders of the day h%ving, by this time, been successfully and 
gallantly executed by the command, having driven the enemy from 
all their positions, the troops were ordered to return to Tacubaya. 



[1] 144 

It nov/ only remains for me to designate those who gallantly dis- 
tinf^uished themselves, and were most active during the day. To 
distinguish, where all were active and gallant, where all performed 
their duty to ray entire satisfaction, is a'delicate and difficult task. 
I will, however, name Brevet Major Buchanan for gallantly de- 
fending the important position he was left in command of; 1st 
Lieutenant and Adjutant Prince, severely wounded while actively 
engaged in encouraging and animating the men by his example; 1st 
Lieutenants Gore and Haller, especially mentioned to me by Major 
Buchanan; 1st Lieutenant Smith, slightly wounded; 2d Lieutenants 
Judah, Lincoln, (severely wounded,) McConnel, and Jones; the two 
latter specially reported to me by Captain Anderson, 3d artillery. 

The names of the officers of the regiment present in the action 
are as follows: 

Brevet Major R. C. Buchanan, acting major of regiment. 

1st Lieutenant H. Prince, adjutant. 

2d do U. S. Grant, regimental quartermaster. 

1st do J. H. Gore, commanding company. 

1st ' do Sidney Smith, commanding company. 

1st do G. O. Haller, storming party. . 

1st do J. Beaman, commanding company. 

2d do H. M. Judah, commanding company. 

2d do A. B. Lincoln, commanding company. 

2d do F. J. Montgomery, commanding company. 

2d do T. R. McConnell. 

2d do A. P. Rogers, comananding company. 

2d^ do r>. F. Jones. 

2d do M. Maloney, storming party^. 

It wi^l be proper to state that 1st Lieutenant Haller and 2d Lieu- 
tenant Maloney joined the battalion immediately after the charge 
of the storming party, and remained with it during the. day. As- 
sistant Surgeon James Simons, of the medical staff, was slightly 
•wounded while zealously and actively engaged in the "discharge of 
his professional duties. il^ 

I have the honor to enclose, herewith, a list of non-commissioned 
officers and soldiers who distinguished themselves ; also, a list of 
casualties, from which it v^^ill be seen that our loss was 8 non-com- 
missioned officers and privates killed, and 4 officers and 55 non- 
commissioned officers and pri\^ites wound-ed. 

Aggregate, 68 killed and wounded ; 1 sergeant missing. 
• I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant) 

FRANCIS LEE, . 
Major 4:th infantry^ Commanding Reghnent. 
Captain W. A. Nichols, 

A. Ji\ A. Gen.y \st Brigade. 



mm 

1 



145 [1] 



Tacubaya, Mexico, September 10, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your orders, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the operations of the 2d brigade, 1st division, 
under my command on the 8th of September, 1847: 

The brigade was ordered under arms at 3 o'clock in the morning, 
and^rrned near the bishop's palace. I then received orders to fol- 
lowTlolonel Duncan's light battery; take position on the left of 
the storming party; support it if necessary, if not to advance; 
strike the enemy's line near the centre of the right wing and cut 
him in two. 

After proceeding about two miles, the brigade was formed in line 
of battle on the left of Duncan's battery, and, after advancing some 
distance with it, was halted to allow the battery to play upon the 
enemy. In a few moments, the battery was ordered to cease firing, 
and my brigade to advance, which was promptly done. When 
within one hundred yards of the enemy's first position, a very heavy 
and destructive fire was opened upon us, but we charged after de- 
livering our first fire, and the enemy fell back upon his second and 
ij more strongly fortified position. We were now within thirty yardfj 
|: of the principal work of the enemy in our front. He was strongly 
I: fortified in a large stone house with thick walls, from which hisnre 
1 was delivered with murderous effect upon our lines: still, in this 
' partial shelter, the men, with the most praiseworthy coolness, load- 
jj ed and picked off their men, until a great portion of the muskets 
' were rendered unserviceable, having become foul, and the com- 

inand having expended its ammunition. 
)j Before this, I had received two severe w^ounds, and consequently 
I disabled from command; but Lieutenant Colonel Scott, <;ommand- 
i ing the 5th infantry, was killed within twenty yards of the enemy 
I while engaged in urging his mtu lo cross tbe ditch autt drive the 
]| enemy from their works; Major Waite, commanding 8th infantry, 
f was also severely wounded. So many having been killed and 
wounded of the senior officers, and it being impossible to carry the 
I enemy's line without a concerted action, the command slowly fell 
I back and formed on the left of Duncan's battery, but not until one- 
\ third of the brigade was either killed or wounded, including one- 
half oi Xhe officers. I cannot speak too highly of the conduct and 
gallantry of the several regimental commanders, to whom are due 
my warmest thanks. 

To Lieutenant R. W. Kirkhara, acting assistant adjutant general, 
I am indebted for the able assistance he rendered me in urging on 
the command under the severest fire of the enemy. Lieutenant 
W. T. Burwell, 5th infantry, my aid-de-camp, fell within a few 
yards of the enemy's line; he breathed his last, fighting gloriously, 
upon the battle field, but his memory will long live with those who 
knew him. 

I cannot indiridualize where all did so bravely, but must refer 
you for particulars to regimental reports; but I must tender my 
gratitude to Lieutenant E. Johnson, 6th infantry, who, with two of 

10 



[1] 146 ■ 

his sergeants, Dresser and Healy, bore me from the field under a 
most galling fire. • 

Respectfully submitted. 

J. S. McINTOSH, 
Colonel by brevet, U. S. Army. 
Captain W. W. Mackall, 

A* A. Gen., 1st division, U. S. Army. ' lb 



Head-quarters, 5th Iwfantrt, 
Tacubaya, Mexico, September 10, 1847. 

Sir; In obedience to your orders^ I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the operations of the 5th infantry during the 
8th instant; 

At about 3, a. m., on the morning of the 8th instant, the regi- 
ment was formed under arms, and marched to the ricinity of the 
bishop's palace, where it took position on the right of the 2d , i 
brigade. After a short delay, we were ordered to follow the 
light battery of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Duncan, and ad- 
vanced in that position about two miles, when we were formed in 
line of battle on the left of the battery, approached the enemy's 
lines at the powder magazine, and, when within about 100 yards, a 
most galling fire was opened upon us. The regiment paused for a 
moment to deliver its fire, and then advanced in very good order 
until within twenty yards of the magazine, when the terrible and 
destructive fire of the enemy caused it to halt behind a ditch ex- 
tending in front of the work. 

More than one-third of the regiment was either killed or wound- 
ed. The commanders of the brigade and regiment, the attending 
surgeon, and several other officers disabled. The enemy were 
in a most admirable position for defence, and in overwhelming 
numbers; but their works might still have been carried (with a 
very heavy loss, however) if a simultaneous movement could have 
been madej but, after remaining in this close proximity to the en- 
emy for some time, the very improper a»d illegal order was given 
to the remnant of the regiment to fall back on Duncan's battery, 
and all the efforts of the officers were ineffectual in preventing the 
men from obeying it. 

The regiment remained on the field of battle during the remain- 
der of the forenoon; and, after collecting th^ dead and wounded, 
was ordered back to this position. 

Death has been busy in our ranks, and struck at the gallant and 
brave. 

Brevet Colonel Mcintosh, temporarily in command of the brig- 
ade, was thrice wounded while gallantly engaged in urging on the 
command. He is happily still preserved to us. Brevet Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Scott, commanding the regiment, was very active, as 
he always was, in leading and urging on the regiment to the 
charge. When within about 20 yards of the enemy, he received 
a mortal wound, and almost immediately expired. He left no^et- 



^ 147 [1] 

ter or more gallant soldier to lament his fall, and met his fate, 
-with his face to the enemy, at the head of his command. The 
eonscientious, gallant, and nohle Merrill, was detached with the 
storming party, and fell early in the action, while waving his 
sword above his head, and urging on his men to the charge. He 
fell too soon for his country, but covered with glory acquired in 
.-many battle fields. Assistant Surgeon Wm. Roberts was again 
Tc)und as at San Antonio, in the most exposed position, attending 
to the' wounded, and encouraging the living to the contest. But 
he was not permitted to escape unhurt, and was eut down, most 
severely wounded, in the midst of hi» usefulness. Lieutenant C. S. 
Hmilton, commanding company I, was severely wounded early in 
the action, while urging on his company; but he raised lamselt up, 
with assistance, and continued cheering and encouraging his men 
until they were beyond the reach of his voice. 

Lieuteiipnt Strong passed on as far as the regiment advanced, 
nftdwas conspicuous for his noble conduct. As he was actively 
^nd untiringly engaged in urging tis men to halt and make 
another charge, he received a ball in the heart, which killed him 

'""LieuUnrnt'Burwell, A. D. C. to the brigade commander, came 
under your own immediate notice, but I can bear testimony to his 
distinguished zeal and bravery. He has been cut off in the morn- 
ing of a glorious career. lAJ-.*-DT 1,1 
To the eallant survivors— Lieutenant and Adjutant P. Lugenbeel, 
Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster S. H. Fowler, Captains 
D Rue-les, and d! H. McPhail, 1st Lieutenant N. B Rossell, and 
2d Lieutenant J. P. Smith-I tender my warmest thanks for the 
able assistance afforded me at a trying hour; and from personal ob- 
servation, and the reports of others, I know they d.d all that men 
could, by their example, to encourage, rally, and cneer on th^ 

^'''owiTc^'to my position as a company commander on the left of 
the regiment, I could only witness personally the gallantry and 
letr disDlaved by Cantain McPhail and 1st Lieutenant Fowler, 
Ito were nlar me^; but I know they all behaved in the most admi- 
Tab^e manner Fi'rst Lieutenant M Rosecrantz, who has ihstin- 
rau^e ui.iuii^i Koftio r^iinntr tlip war. -was nnfnr- 




With US. My 'aTtenUon has'bren pVticularly called, ^Y their com- 
rande s to the very marked gallantry and good conduct displayed 
by Se-e^^^^^ ^'^ ' Sergeant Henry Farmer siighly 

wound^ed,) and private Jacob E. Davis, of B; Sergeants Alexander 
M;t ollan (mortally wounded,) and George- Daily, and private 
famefLudlowrof O; and Ser^iant John Henderson, of K, compa- 

'"The r'ei-:lTnVwent into action, inclnding Captain Merrill's com- 
1 tl 14. offers and 361 rank and file. Of these, Brevet 



[1] 



148 



Mcintosh, commanding brisrade. Assistant Surgeon Wm. Roberts, 
and 2(1 Lieutenant C. S. Hamilton, and 88 rank and file, were 
-wounded, (3 since deadj) 7 missing, very probably killed. 
Respectfully submitted. 

WM. CHAPMAN, 
Captain bth Infantry^ Commanding Regiment. 

Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, 

A. A. Gen. 2d Brig., \st Div. U. S. Army. 



i 



Head-quarters, Battalion 6th Infantry, 
Tacuhaya^ SepU'Hiber 9, 1847. 

Sir: I hare the honor to make the following report of the ser- 
vices of the 6th infantry in the battle of yesterday: 

The regiment was in its place on the field at dawn of day, when 
the brigade was ordered by you to sidvraice upon the enemy's 
works. This was-done; when vvitliin eighty or one hundred jcirds, 
a well-directed and heavy fire opened upoii us. Still, the regiment 
marched gallantly on. The line siilTcred from the openuig of the 
enemy's fire, for he was in such force that the firing was continu- 
ous, and he derived great advantage from the gentle slope of the 
ground towards him. When within, perhaps, sixty yards, the fire 
became very destructive, but, by the gallaniry of the officers, com- 
missioned and non- commissioned, we succeeded in gaining slielter 
behind u ditch less than fifty yards from the enemy's breastworks. 

Here, under this very partial cover, our men loaded and fired 
■with the utmost coolness and precision, until we fell back, the en- 
emy's fire being actually murderous, a portion of his infantry be- 
ing stationed on the upper "walls of a hacienda to our righi, and 
having a plunging fire upon us; moreover, our ammunition was 
mostly expended, and many of the muskets were so foul as lo be 
useless. The regiment on our right being at this time also severely 
cut up, its position being almost in front of the hacienda, we fell 
back together. 

I cannot express too highly the gallantry displayed by all en- 
gaged on this occasion. Captain Hoffman was particularly active, 
ftnd, with Lieutenant Ernst, my active adjutant, was engaged iu 
front of the line, from right to left, comuiunicating orders, ral- 
lying and encouraging the men. I will here mention the names 
of all the officers engaged — as I cannot designate particular in- 
stances of gallantry when all, both officers and men, behaved in 
the bravest manner — Captain Lovell, and Lieutenants E. Joiinson, 
Armistead, Wetmore, Morrow, Nelson, Howe, Bu^kner, and Han- 
cock. 

After having cleaned their arms and replenished their cartridge 
boxes, I went, in command of the 8ih infantry in addition to my 
own regiment, by the orders of the major general commanding, to 
the support of a battery near the foundry. Whilst here, the 8th 
infantry, under Major Montgomery, became engaged with the en- 



149 [1] 

eray at the cross roads; urged on by their impetuosity, the regi- 
, tuent advanced to the north, until it came under the fire from Cha- 
pultepec. Here I halted it, and informed the general, if the posi- 
tion was thought ykluable, a support must be brought forward. 
The 4th infantry was ordered up, and the position was held until 
the battery was withdrawn. The sixth, whilst here [were] busily 
occupied in destroying the foundry, and burning the platforms of 
the enemy's artillery. The enemy appeared in front of this posi- 
tion several limes, making demonstrations for an attack, and I can- 
not but express my approbation of the cool and determined man- 
ner of the command in making preparations to receive the attack, 
if offerfd. Major Montgomery deserves great credit for his gal- 
lantry and promptness in the execution of my orders, and will 
doubtless do justice to those of his regiment who came under his 
own observation. In concluding this report, I would recur to the 
memory of Colonel Mclntoshj and tha^t Lieutenant E. Johnson, with 
two sergeants of the 6th infantry, bore him, when wounded, from 
the battle field, under the severe fire of the enemy. Lieutenants 
E. Johnson, Wetmore, and Lieutenant Buckner, R. Q. M., were 
volunteers upon this day, the former two having been, from sick- 
ness, unable for vveeks past to do any duty; but, upon this occa- 
sion, were at the heads of their companies, and rendered impor- 
tant services. Sergeant Major Thompson was with me all day, 
and was very useful. Sergeant C. McCann, company H, color- 
bearer; Sergeant Steinuke, company D, and McKown, company F, 
also met my warmest approbation for their brave and gallant con- 
duct. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J3. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 
Major 6ih Infantry, commanding battalion. 

R. W. KlUKHAM, 

^. ^. Ji. Gen. 2d brigade, 1st division. 

The loss of the regiment, during the day, was thr€*e officers wound- 
ed, viz: Captain Cady and Captain Walker, who were detached 
from the regiment, and Lieutenant Ernst, acting adjutant. One 
sergeant and eighteen privates killed; six sergeants, three cor- 
porals, and forty-two privates wounded; one private missing; ag- 
gregate of casualties, seventy-four. Captain Hoffman's report, after 
I took command, is enclosed. 

I am, sir, with respect, your most obedient servant, 

B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 
Major 6th Infantry, commanding battalion. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, September, 9, 1847. 

Major: I have the honor to make the following report of the 
services of the 6th infantry in the battle of yesterday, from the 
time I fell in command of it: 



[1] 



150 



After replenishing the ammunition which had been previously 
exhausted, and having the arms put in firing condition, I, bj order 
of General Worth, moved the regiment dowft to the foundry; and, 
by ordei* of Colonel Garland, who was commanding there, occu- 
pied it, to hold it against any attack that mighit be made. 

While there, I destroyed eight forms for heavy guns, and done 
what injury I could to the furnace and wood works of the building. 
I then joined the division to return to this place. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, > 

W. HOFt^MAN, 
Commanding 6th Infantry. 
Major B. L. E. Bonneville, 

Major 6th Infantry j commanding battalion. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, September 10, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report briefly the operations of that 
part of the 8th regiment of infantry, which went into the action of 
8th instant, under the command of Major Waite, and the command 
of which subsequently devolved upon myself. 

Major Wright, with two officers and 110 men of the regiment, 
were detached in another part of the field, and doubtless will fur- 
nish the requisite report. 

At 3 o'clock, a. m., the regiment was under arms, and at day- 
light formed in line of battle on our extreme left, opposed to the 
enemy's right, which was strongly posted in a hacienda of extensive 
and massive walls, and a strong entrenchment; its right thrown back 
obliquely t<3 his general line of formation, so as to protect his right 
flank and guard against our turning it — the ground in front en- 
tirely free from obstruction, and slightly rising to the positioa 
we occupied. Thus, while the enemy was almost wholly pro- 
tected from our fire, w^ were entirely exposed to his. Just as the 
regiment formed its line in front of the enemy, it received from 
him a most tremendous fire, which fearfully thinned our ranks; yet 
cur front remained unshaken, and our line continued to advunce, 
till it reached the prolongation of that of the enemy, where it re- 
ceived a raking fire from the hacienda on our right, and also a 
most galling one from the enemy's entrenchment, obliquely to our 
front. The regiment now rapidly changed position by a flank 
movement to the left, so as to oppose its front directly to the ene- 
my's entrenched position; and was steadily advancing under a 
most deadly fire, when orders were received to move back to the 
right, and support the left of the 6th infantry. This order it prompt-_ 
ly executed; and, having resumed the indicated position, was again 
advancing upon the enemy, when his fire slackened and finally 
ceased, he having abandoned his works and left tliat part of the 
field to our forces. The reeiment now reduced to one-half of its 
original numbers, reformed its shattered ranks, with its front to the 
retreating foe, and having received orders to that eff"ect, filed into 
the line of the battalion, near Colonel Duncan's battery, which had 



151 [11 

largely and gallantly contributed to dislodge the enemy from his 
strong position. 

Major Waite being -vrounded and disabled^ the command of the 
regiment now devolved u^on myself. 

I now received instructions to collect and remove our killed and 
vroundedj thickly scattered over the field; but, before executing 
those instructions, were directed to support our siege battery, then 
on our extreme right, immediately under the walls of, but secured 
from, that strong fortress, Chapultepec. To that point we moved, 
in double quick time, and had but just reached it, quite exhausted, 
when the enemy was found to have rallied, and advancing in force; 
and subsequently made a gallant, but unsuccessful effort, to recover 
his lost position. There, Captain Bomford, with the remnant of 
Major Wright's command, rejoined the regiment, which immedi- 
ately moved forward, and in conjunction with other commands, met 
and repulsed the enemy, who had gallantly approached within frfty 
paces of our line; but then broke and sought safety in flight, taking 
refuge in distance and under the walls of Chapultepec. 

I now asked and obtained permission to advance the regiment on 
a road, the enemy's principal line of retreat, to a position in rear 
of Chapultepec, where it took a secure position in an entrenchment 
-which the enemy had deserted. There we presented a line to the 
front and left flank, our right being protected by a high wall. 
While thus posted, that part of the enemy who had taken refuge 
under Chapultepec, sounded repeated charges; and those who re- 
treated to our front and left, made several demonstrations of an in- 
tention to charge upon us, but finding us secure and firm in our 
position, they failed to execute their threats. Having sent to the 
rear and brought up a piece of captured artillery and directed it 
upon them, a few fires put a stop to their farther vaporing, and left 
us in quiet and undisturbed possession of our position, which we 
continued to hold until our killed and wounded had been collected, 
-when we were ordered back; and having assisted to place them in 
the proper conveyances, marched to, and resumed our former quar- 
ters. But more than one-third of the gallant spirits who had gone 
out with us in the morning, full of life and ardor, were missing; 
and though we returned victorious, exultation gave place to sorrow 
for our fallen comrades. 

Where the utmost exertions of all were fully called into requisi- 
tion, and where officers and men nobly and gallantly performed 
their duty, it would be invidious, and a task I feel no disposition 
to discharge, to specify any particular officer and man, who more 
than another distinguished himself. All deserve the highest ap- 
plause, and I am most happy to commend them to the most favorable 
notice of the proper authority. Each exhibited daring and gallant 
examples in front of the enemy, whose greatly superior numbers 
and more than usual gallantry, together with their strong and se- 
cure, and our exposed .position, made it one of the severest and 
most costly contests we have yet encountered. Three bearers of 
our colors were killed in quick succession; the fourth wounded; 
the fifth bore them gallantly through the action. The colors of no 



[1] 



153 



other regiment, were further advanced, or nearer the enemy, than 
those of the 8th infantry. The regiment went into action with l 
425 bayonets, and ceme out with 286, having had 7 non-commis- 
sioned officers, 1 musician, a«d 19 privates killed on the field; 2 
field officers, 2 captains, 6 lieutenants, 9 sergeants, 7 corporals, and | 
95 privates, wounded, (1 subaltern and several privates, mortally* 
since dead.) 

The following named officers were wounded, while gallantly 
leading and urging the men to the charge: Major Waile, command- 
ing regiment; Major Wright, detached; Captain Smith; Lieutenant 
Burbank, regimental quartermaster, mortally; Lieutenant Beardsly, 
Lieutenant Morris, Lieutenants Clark, Wainwright, and Snelling, 
the latter detached with Major Wright. The other officers of the 
regiment are Brevet Major Montgomery, who succeeded to the 
command; Captain Scrivner' left a sick bed to participate in the 
ao4;ion; Captain Bomford, detached with Major Wright, and subse- 
quently rejoined the regiment; Captain Gates, Lieutenants Selden 
and Longstreet; Adjutants Merchant and Picket; and Assistant Sur- 
geon De Leon, whose duties were most arduous and his attentions 
thereto unremitting. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. R. MONTGOMERY, 
Brevet Major ^ commanding Sik infantry. 

Lieutenant Kirkham, 

A. A. Adjutant General 2d brigadej 1st division. 



Tacubaya, Mexico, September 9, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to make the follov/ing report of the move- 
ments of the light battalion, 1st division, during the battle of the 
8th September, 1847, near this place: 

The battalion left its quarters at three and a half o'clock, a. m., 
under the command of E. K. Smith, 5th infantry, and proceeded to 
take up its position as supporting column to Captain Huger's 24- 
pounder battery, some 700 or 800 yards in front of the enemy's cen- 
tre. Shortly after day-break, the battalion was ordered forward to 
support the assaulting column, leaving Lieutenant Elzye's company, 
(I, 2d artillery,) to support the battery. After marching a few- 
hundred yards in column, the battalion was formed forward into 
line, and advanced in double quick time. Just as it was entering^ 
the range of the enemy's musketry, it came up with the ranks of 
the assaulting column; necessarily, in much disorder from the in- 
tensity of tiie fire which the enemy was pouring upon them. Passing 
through them, it continued its rapid arlvance, bearing towards the 
enemy's left, which rested on and occupied the long range of build- 
ings known as "the foundry;" the whole of which was covered 
with the enemy's i fantry. When the battalion was within about 
100 yards of the enemy's line. Lieutenant Peck's company, (K, 2d 
artillery,) with some few other men, took shelter under a low bank,. 



153 [1] 

and was immediately engaged. At this point, the whole battalion 
was exposed to a most destructive cross-fire from the enemy's de- 
fences in front, and from the tops of the houses guarding his left. 
The remaining two companies of*the battalion, bearing still more to 
the right, were gallantly led on by Captain Smith in a charge upon 
the enemy's left, broke through his first line of defences, passed 
some seventy or eighty yards to the right of his battery, and broke 
his second line by passing through an archway under the buildings, 
and put to flight numbers of the enemy far greater than their own. 
Lieutenant Dent and Captain Smith immediately led some men to 
the top of the building, and others climbed to the roof of some sheds, 
and soon drove the enemy from that position ot the buildings, within 
effective musket range, to the more distant portion, which he still 
occupied in considerable force. Immediately after entering the 
archway, the battalion was joine4 by the 1st brigade, and Ofierated 
mainly with that brigade during the remainder of the action. At 
this time, it was impossible to advance upon the enemy's battery, 
as the whole front of the buildings, near which it was placed, was 
enfiladed by an inconceivably destructive shower of musketry and 
grape shot. The conflict here became desperate; but Captain 
Drum's light battery soon came up, and by its assistance the fire 
from the enemy's battery and that from the house-tops, which pro- 
tected it, was soon so far silenced that a charge was made anrl the 
battery carried. It was in leading this charge, that Captain Smith 
fell when within a few feet of the parapet wall. Just at this time 
a considerable body of the enemy made an advance upon the posi- 
tion occupied by Lieutenant Peck's company, (which had in the 
meantime been joined by a large party of other men,) but it was 
promptly met and repulsed by him, aided by the fire from Captain 
Drum's battery, and by musketry from the position of the captured 
battery. Lieutenant Peck, with his company, immediately manned 
one of the captured guns, and advanced with it to a position occu- 
pied by the 1st brigade, with which he served during the remainder 
of the action, the severest portion of which was terminated by~ the 
capture of the enemy's battery. The battalion was \\\b first in taking 
possession of the enemy's works, was very active and immediately 
instrumental in taking and securing most of the pi-isoners, and 
captured the first one (an officer) taken during the action. Lieu- 
tenant Dent, with Sergeant Flynn and private Murray, of H com- 
pany, 5th infantry, were the first to enter the' battery in chafging 
upon it, and, just after entering. Lieutenant Dent w^as wounded. 

It is a highly pleasing duty to bear testimony to the distinguished 
bravery and activity of every officer in the battalion, all leading 
and urging their men forward under a fire which rendered success 
almost hopeless. Many non-commissioned officers also behaved 
in the most gallant manner, intrepidly exposing themselves wherever 
an opportunity offered for attacking the enemy. Among them, I 
would mention Sergeant Updegralf,(wounded,) and Flynn, of II com- 
pany, 5th infantry, &nd Sergeants Murray, Casmond, and Colford, 
and Corporal Lowe, (the latter wounded,) of B company, 8th in- 



[I] 



154 



fantry; and respectfully and earnestly recommend them to the 
farorable consideration of the general commanding 1st division. 

The circumstances under which the battalion made its charge 
were extremely unfavorable, it being obliged to pass throuo"h the 
disordered ranks of a force four times in its own strength, to attack 
the same force which had caused them to falter. 

The strength of the battalion, as it entered the field, was one 
hundred and seventy-four men and seven officers; one hundred and 
twenty-seven men and six officers entered the charge, of which, 
more than ojie-third were killed and wounded. 

I am sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. V. D. REEVE, 
Captain Sth Infantry. 

Capt. W. W. Mjickall, 

Assistant Adjutant General^ 1st division of the army. 



Tacubata, Mexico, Septeinher 9, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report the operations of my company 
on the 7th and Sth instants. 

At 8 in the evening, on the 7th, I received orders from General 
Worth, through Captain Huger, to send one gun with an officer to 
the picket fronting Chapultepec, and to join Colonel Garland's 
brigade with two guns, at 3 o'clock, a. m., on the 8th. I immedi- 
ately detached Lieutenant Benjamin with an 8-pounder (Mexican 
gun) to the picket, and at 3 o'clock, a. m., on the 8th, I reported 
with two 6-]iounders (the Buena Vista guns) to Colonel Garland, 
who directed me to follow in rear ,of his column, and, when in 
position, to cover my guns as much as possible from being seen 
from Chapultepec. 

I arrived at my position (on the road leading to El Molino del 
Rey) at the dawn of day, and having hidden my guns behind some 
shrubbery, I remained stationary for about fifteen minutes, when, 
receiving orders for the artillery to go forward, I advanced rapidly 
and brought my pieces into action about two hundred yards trom a 
breastwork situated twenty or thirty yards in front of El Molino. 
Whilst the pieces were being unlimbered, we received a shower of 
grape from the breastwork, which disabled the horse I was riding 
and two of those at the guns, and wounded one of the drivers and 
a cannonier; the horses becoming frantic from their wounds, I cut 
the traces and warked the guns by hand the rest of the engagement. 
I then fired once with round shot, and running the guns forward 
under a heavy fire to within one hundred yards of the breastwork 
and, getting an enfilading position, I opened with canister, which 
cleared the work of the enemy. 

Running the guns again forward* I fired on the enemy in El 
Molino, until they surrendered, and then at a portion of the retreat- 
ing enemy, until informed by Colonel Belton that there was a gun 
in the road leading from the southern side of El Molino to Chapul- 
tepec, which was annoying our men, when I advanced wiih one gun 



155 [ 1 ] 

/the other having become accidentally spiked by the breaking of a 
Iriming wire) to^the road, an.l along it to within abou three hundred 
^ards of the groTe, at the foot of Chapultepec. I then halted, and 
i?ed at th^ enemy in the grove with good effect. ?--—&' ^^ 
few moments, that the enemy was advancing in a heavy columa 
fr'om^be grov'e, and being myself three hundred yards in advance 
of Tnv sulport 1 sent a message to the commanding officer of the 
infant^rv hf my rear, informing him of the fact; and, continuing my 
fire on' he^dvancing colu3.n, I repeatedly raked it, and thus 
retarTed its advance. Finding that no troops were coming to my 
support, 1 sent another message to the rear, and in a few minutes 
received directions from a staff officer, to withdraw to the corner 
of El Molino; when I resumed my fire on the advancing column, 
until it was checked, and then at the retreating enemy, so long as 
mv ammunition lasted. ,, ., r •,• „ 4.^ n^o 

After the enemy had been driven from all ^t^P^^f '^"^^^^ ^^^^J 
pultepec, our troops were withdrawn, and I was directed by Colonel ^ 
Garland to return to this place. Lieutenant F. J- Po-'^er, of my 
company, accompanied me throughout the action, and had command 
of oL of the guns, which he worked admirably , and fired with great 
effect.' He was also particularly active in restoring order o some 
'of the other troops, and urging them forward, and continually 
exposing himself during the action, to a heavy fire, in the discharge 

of his duties. ^ ,i • j i,i. i f„. 

To Captain B. Huger^of the ordnance, I am greatly indebted for 
his kindness in furnishing me with horses from the siege train, and 
for other facilities in fitting out my battery My thanks are a so 
due to Captain Reeves, and Lieutenant Merchant, 8th infantry 
Bievet CapUun Nichols, and Lieutenants Anderson and Peck, 2(1 
artillery; Lieutenant Thorne, 3d dragoons, and Lieutenant Shields, 
3d artillery; for their assistance whilst working my guns by hand 
to the front. These officers, seeing my men nearly worn out with 
fatioue, seized hold of the guns, and performed the duties ot 



cannoniers. 



To my non-commissioned officers and privates is due the highest 
praise f^r their excellent and gallant conduct throughout Ihey 
stood manfully at their guns, whilst many around them shrank from 
the galling fire of the enemy. Sergeant J. M. Robinson, quarter- 
master sergeant of the 2d artillery, distinguished himself by his 
exertions at the guns during the action. 

Lieutenant Benjamin, who had the 8-pounder at the picket, re- 
ports to me that the enemy, on the night of the 7th, drove in an 
advance guard, fired some shots, and showed some intention ot 
advancing on the picket; but seeing the port- fire lighted, they 
relinquished the idea. On the 8th, a considerable force ot the 
inu:my was formed near the picket; but, after discharging a few 
shots, it withdrew towards the city. 

My loss is two privates killed, and one sergeant and two pri- 
vates wounded. A list of their names is appended. 

Lt'may be proper for me to state, that when that portion of the 
enemy in El Molino del Key displayed a white flag in token of sur- 



[ 1 ] 156 ' 

render I ceased firing at the building; and during the suspension 1 
of my fire several Mexicans, within a few feet of^the flag, fi^ed on 
us, and killed one of my men at the guns. 
I am, very respectfully, 
^ S. H. DRUM, 

Capt. W. W. Mackall, ^"^'"'■" ^''' -^^^^^^^ry. 

Ji. A. General. 



List of the killed and wounded of company G., Uh artillery. 

Killed..., 1. John Grace, private. 

Do 2. Samuel Grove, private. 

Wounded.. 1. Jacob Brice, sergeant, severely.^ 

Do 2. Richard Boone, private, slightly. 

-L>o 3. Thomas N. Quick, private, slightly. 



Head-quarters, 2d Brigade, 3d Ditisioi^, 

JVavarte^ Mexico, September 10, 4847. 
Sir: In compliance with orders received on the 7th instant I 
marched my brigade, consisting of the voltigenr regiment under 
Colonel Andrews, the 11th regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel 
Graham, and the 14th regiment, under Colonel Trousdale, from its 
encampment at Mixcoac to Tacubaya, and reported to Major Gen- 
eral Worth for further orders, on the same evening, preparatory to 
the attack and destruction of the foundry of the enemy at Molino 
del Rey, under the fortress of Chapultepec. 

Before daylight on the morning of the 8th instant, I placed my 
command on the plain on the west side of the works of tie enemy, 
in the position indicated in the order number 95, of Major General 
Worth, supporting the heavy battery of Captain Huger on iny rioht 
and tlie field battery of Lieutenant Colonel Duncan on my left, 
ITolding my command in compact order, to support either of the 
th.ee attacking columns, or any point which the circumstances 
might require. 

The attack commenced at daylight upon the enemy's positions, 
by the infantry of the 1st division, my command having been from 
the commencement of the attack within the range of the* heavy 
hre of the enem.y, from which it suffered severely. 

A large body of the enemy's cavalry appearing on our left, I de- 
tached the regiment of voltigeurs two or three hundred yards in that 
direction, along a ravine which covered that flank of the army. 
Major Sumner at the same time crossed the ravine with his cavalry 
by these movements,. and an occasional sho from the field battery,' 
the enemy's cavalry was driven out of reach. Two companies 
ot the Toltigeur regiment, commanded by Lieutenants Fry and 



157 [ 1 ] 

Kintzing were then detached, under Major Caldwell, to intercept 
a retreating party of the enemy, a corresponding movement be- 
ing made by Major Sumner, and the party of the enemy killed or 
taken. ^The regiment of voltigeurs was subsequently moved to 
the right in support of Colonel Garland's brigade, and aided in 
defeating the enemy's last effort near the foundry at Molino del 
Rey. 

A party of the enemy's cavalry on our left was driven off by 
Captain Blair's company of the voltigeur regiment, detached for 

/ that purpose under Major Caldwell's directions. 
I Captain Edwards's company was detached with the field piece cap- 
tured on the road near the foundry, to the one gun battery in the 
road to Chapultepec, where the piece was actively served by that 
company. The gun and ammunition were taken to this position, 
as well as withdrawn by the men, no limber being found with the 
piece, and was subsequently taken from the field by Captain Bid- 
die's company of the same regiment. 

The attack commenced at day-light upon the enemy's position 
by the infantry of the 1st division. It soon after became necessary 
to support the centre, which I did by advancing in two columns, the 
11th regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Graham, on the right, and 
the voltigeur regimenr, under Colonel AndreAvs, on the left. The 
enemy being in great force, in a very strong position behind stone 
walls, difficult to attack, well defended with artillery, and with 
continuous lines of infantry, resisted for a time the assault, but 
were compelled to give place to our troops, who ultimately occu- 
pied the whole line of their positions which deiended the foundry 
captured iheir batteries and a large quantity of ammunition, turnino- 
their own guns upon them, and driving them back into the for- 
tress of Chapultepec, securing also a large quantity of grain and 
flour in the mill. 

This result was greatly hastened by the efficient use of three- 
pieces of field artillery which were brought forward by Lieutenants 
Harley, McClelland, and Scott, by order of Lieutenant Colonel 
Graham, under a heavy fire from the eriemy. A portion of the 11th. 
regiment gained an entrance into the lower end of a building on 

^ the rish.t, occupied by the enemy, where several Mexican officers 
surrendered, the commanding officer delivering his sword to Lieu- 
tenant Scott of the 11th regiment. In the mean time, Lieutenant R. 
H. Johnson, commanding company E, was killed by a musket ball 
while most gallantly leading on his men. Lieutenant Colonel Gra- 
ham, although badly wounded in two places, and Lieutenants Mc- 
Coy and Harley, and a portion of their command, pursued the enemy 
to the left, and, while leading an assault on a large and strongly 
fortified building still in the possession of the enemy. Lieutenant 
Colonel Graham received two mortal wounds, of which he died in a 
few minutes, upon the field he had so gallantly assisted to win. 
Captain Irwin, although severely wounded, remained in command 
of his company as long as it Wis engaged, and Captain Guthrie wa* 
disabled by severe wounds. 



£1] 158 

Soon after the action commenced, four companies of the 14th 
regiment were also detached, under the command of Lieutenant 
Colonel P. O. Hebert, to support the assaulting party upon Molino 
del Rey. A captured piece of artillery Avas fired, under the direc- 
tion of Captain Glenn of that regiment, -who was placed in charge 
of the same by Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, until the ammunition 
was exhausted. Four moulds for casting cannon, found inside the 
building, were destroyed by Captains Hoffman and Lovell, of ihe 
6th infantry. A number of muskets and some ammunition were 
also destroyed. 

. The remainder of the 14th regiment, under the command of Colo- 
nel Trousdale, remained upon the field to support the artillery, 
during which time they were also exposed to the fire of the enemy 
from both cannon and musketry. In addition to the officers al- 
ready named, I would particularly mention the serrices and gal- 
lantry of Lieutenant Colonel Johnson, Majors Caldwell and Tal- 
cott, of the voltigeur regiment, the latter of whom was wounded 
early in the action, but remained on the field during the day, and 
also Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, of the 14th regiment; Captain 
Charles I Biddle, of the voltigeur regiment, severely sick, left his 
bed at Mixcoac, when the firing began, and joined his company; 
Assistant Surgeon Samuel D. Scott, of the 11th regiment, was ac- 
tive in his attention to the wounded on the field. 

Assistant Adjutant General George Deas, on duty upon my staff, 
"was much exposed during the action, and by industry, coolness, and 
gallantry, rendered valuable service. 

I forward herewith enclosed the separate reports of commanding 
officers of regiments, and also a return of the'killed, wounded, and 
missing, on the occasion. 

I am very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. CADWALADER, 
Brig. Gen. U. S. A. Comd^g. 

To Captain W. W. Mackall, 
- Acting Adj. Gen. 1st Div.y U. S. A. 



Head-q¥Artehs, 1st Rksimekt Voltigeurs, 

JVavartej September 10, 1847. 

Sir: The regiment of voltigeurs, under my command, moved from 
its encampment near ^Mixcoac to Tacubaya, on the evening of the 
7th instant, where we remained during the night, and at 4 o'clock 
on the morning of the 8tb, moved forward with the other regiments 
of General Cadvv^alader's brigade to support General Worth's ope- 
rations. 

At day break, we were in the position assigned us, supporting the 
heavy battery, (Captain Huger's,) where we remained until the ad- 
^vance of the infantiy of the 1st division to attack the enemy's po- 
sitions, at which time General Cadwalader ordered forward his 



II 



159 " [1] 

brigade to support these attacks, again selecting the roltigeur regi- 
anent and detaching them to the left for the important duty of pro- 
tecting Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's battery. In the first position 
taken for this purpose, the regiment remained, under a very heavy 
fire, from which it suffered sererely, about fifteen minutes. 

A large body of the enemy's cavalry then appearing on our 
left, the regiment was marched under a heavy and continuous fire 
of musketry, two or three hundred yards in that direction, and took 
position along. the ravine which covered that flank of the army. 
Major Sumner at the same lime crossed the ravine with his cavalry 
by these movements, and an occasional shot from the battery, the 
enemy's cavalry was driven out of reach. The 1st and 2d compa- 
nies of my regiment, commanded respectively by Lieutenants Fry 
and Kintzing, were then detached, under Major Caldwell, to inter- 
cept a retreating party of the enemy, a corresponding movement 
being made by Major Sumner, and the party in question killed or 
taken. 

The enemy's right being now driven from that part of the field, 
•we were ordered to move to the right to join Colonel Garland's 
brigade, and marching under a direct fire of round shot from the 
enemy's battery at Chapultepec, we arrived in time to aid in de- 
feating the enemy's last effort near the foundry. The regiment re- 
mained in position on Colonel Garland's left, by his order, until 
the withdrawal of the troops. 

A party of the enemy's cavalry, which appeared on our left, was 
driven off by the third company, commanded by Captain Blair, de- 
tached for that purpose under Major Caldwell's directions. The 
8th company (Captain Edwards's) was detached, with the field-piece 
captured on the road near the foundry, to the one-gun battery in 
the road to ChapultepeQ, to which a party of our infantry advanced 
•where the piece was served by Captain Edwards's company until 
the party was ordered in by Colonel Garland, preparatory to his being 
relieved in his position by Colonel Ransom. The gun and ammu- 
nition were taken to this position as well as withdrawn, by the 
men — no limber being found with the piece — -and was taken from 
the field by another, company (Captain Biddle's) of the regiment. 
After leaving the vicinty of the fouftdry, the regiment remained 
near the field to protect the wagons employed in bringing oft the 
wounded; that being done, it returned to Mixcoac and encamped. 

I beg leave to call your attention to the firmness of the officers 
and men under a heavy fire, and the precision and accuracy with 
which the regiment moved and formed under like circumstances 
and the handsome manner in which each detachment performed the 
service required of it. 

I derived on this occasion, as on all former, occasions, the most 
valuable aid from the gallantry and ability of Lieutenant Colonel 
Johnston. Majors Caldwell and Talcott were both active and effi- 
cient, the former in addition to his "service with the body of the 
regiment, was twice detached, and the latter, wounded early in the' 
action, remained on the field until the close. Captain Biddle 



[ 1 ] '160 

severely sick, left his bed at Mixcoac, when the firing began, to 
join his company. 

I forward herewith a list of the causalties on the occasion, and 

am, 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. P. ANDREWS, 
Colonel Voltigeurs U. S. A. 
To Captain Geokge Deas, 

Assistant Adjutant General U. S. A. 



Head-quarters, 11th Regiment Infantry, 

Hacienda^ J^avarte^ September 10, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your order, I herewith submit a report of 
the services of the 11th mlantry on the 8th September. On the 7th, 
cornoanies D, E, F, H, and I, of the regiment under command of 
Lieuienant Colonel Graham, moved from its quarters at the haci- 
enda San Jose and encamped on a field between Mixcoac and Tacu- 
baya. About 7 o'clock, on the same evening, we were ordered under 
arms, and, leaving a very small camp guard, proceeded to Tacuoaya. 
Here the regiment was placed under shelter in the court of a inrge 
buildinw, where it remtoined until 3 o'clock the next morning, when 
it was ordered to join the brigade under command of General Cad- 
walader. This was immediately done, the regiment taking position 
on the left of the voltigeurs. The brigade proceeded on to the 
field, and, when it had arrived within a short distance of the enemy's 
works, it was halted. In a few moments, our artillery opened its 
fire and our advanced infantry moved on to the attack. In about 
fifteen minutes atter the .firing commenced, the 11th rtgiment was 
detached from the brigade and deployed to the right to support 
some of our infantry who were most warmly engaged. In order to 
effect this object, we had to cross the plain, raked by the enemy's 
artillery and musketry; and, in doing so, we sustained a very heavy 
loss in killed and wounded. Having crossed this plain, the regi- 
ment took position and opened a heavy fire on the enemy on our 
left in the field, and on our right on the house tops. This tiring 
continued for more than half hour, when the enemy on the field 
gave way and those in the building surrendered. This result was 
greatly hastened by the etficient use of three pieces of field artillery 
which \ver^> brought forward by Lieutenai'Ts Harley, McClelland, 
and Scott, by order of Lieutenant Colonel Graham, under a most 
heavy fire from tue enemy. 

I was now ordered into the fort on our right, which had surren- 
dered. Lieutenunts'Evans, Tippin, and Scott gained an entrance 
into the lower end of the building, and received the swords of sev- 
eral officers who had surrendered; the Mexican commanding officer 
delivering his sword to Lieutenant Scott. 

In the meantime. Lieutenant R. H. L. John on, commanding E 
company, was killed by a musket ball while most gallantly cheeriflg 



161 [1] 

on his men. Lieutenant Colonel Graham, with Lieutenants McCoy 
and Harley, pursued the enemy to the left, although he (Colonel G.) 
was badly wounded in two places; and while leading a charge on 
a large and strongly fortified building, still in the possession of the 
enemy, a volley of musketry was fired upon him, inflicting two 
mortal wounds, of which he died in a few minutes, on the field he 
had so* gallantly assisted to win. 

In conclusion, permit me to call your attention to the universal 
good conduct of both officers and men. Captain Irwin, although 
severely wounded, remained in command of his company as long as 
it was engaged. Captain Guthrie was disabled by severe wounds. 
To Lieutenants McCoy, Evans, Hailey, McClelland, Tippin, and 
Scott, I am greatly indebted for the aid and energy which they 
evinced while engaged throughout the day. 

Sergeant McEnnis, of D company, and Sergeant Freeze, of E 
company, are entitled to great credit for bravery and good conduct. 

The following is' a list of killed and wounded: 

Killed 1. Lieutenant Colonel Wm. M. Graham. 

Do 2. Lieutenant R. H. L. Johnson. 

Wounded . A. Captain Wm. H. Irwin, severely. 

Do 2. Captain P. N. Guthrre, severely. 

Do 3. Lieutenant D. S. Lee, adjutant, slightly. 

Killed 1. Private John Siglee, company D. 

Do 2. Corporal Charles Tenner, company E. 

Do 3. Private John Buchanan, company E. 

Do 4. Private John Manning, company E. 

Do 5. Sergeant George Johnston, company E. 

Do 6. Corporal John McMahon, company F. 

^ Do 7. Private James Simpson, company F. 

Do 8. Private Daniel' Shipley, company H. 

Wounded . .1. Private Isaac Mahan, company D, severely. 

Do 2. Private Uriah Kitchen, company D, severely. 

Do 3. Private John Hays, company D, mortally. 

Do 4. Private James Pcager, company D, slightly. 

Do 5. Private McClung RadclifF, company D, slightly. 

Da 6. Private James Hight, company D, slightly. 

Do 7, Sergeant John P. Weldon, company .E, severely. 

Do 8. Corporal Charles. Bartelkey, company E, slightly. 

Do 9. Corporal Michael Feeney, company E, slightly. 

Do 10. Sergeant- — '— Freeze, company E, slightly. 

Do 11. Sergeant Lenox Rea, company H, severely. 

Do 12. Sergeant J. C. Handy, company H, slightly. 

Do 13. Private Wm. R. Call, company H. severely. 

Do 14. Private Jesse Flowns, company Hy slightly. 

Do 15. Private Wm. Dorman, company H, severely. 

Do 16. Private Isaac Price, company H, slightly. 

Do 17. Private James Nesbitt, company H, slightly. 

i Do 18. Private David Ayres, company H, missing. 

Do 19. Private Robert D. Brown, company F, slightly. 
11 



h 



C 1] 



Vounded. 


.20. 


Do 


21. 


Do 


22. 


Do 


23. 


Do , 


24. 


Do 


25. 


Do 


26. 


Do 


27. 


Do 


28. 


Do 


29. 


Do 


30. 



162 

Private Foster R. Carson, company F, severely.' 
Private James Dilks, company F, severely. 
Private Wm. S. Sathel, company F, severely. 

Private Schmidt, company F, slightly. 

Corporal Robert Raasch, company I, sjightly. 
Private Herman Bixenstine, company I, sevecely. 
Private Frederick Babe, company I, severely. 
27. Private Benjamin Deihl, company I, slightly. 
Private John Roenig, company I, mortally. 
Private Albert Magill, company I, severely. 
Private Simon Pichel, company I, slightly. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Total killed 10 

Total wounded 33 

In consequence of severe indisposition, the command was given 
to Lieutenant McCoy, who collected and marched the regiment to 
quarters. 

The thanks of all are due to assistant surgeon Samuel D. Scott 
for his attention to the wounded on the field. 

I have the honor to remain,: your obedient servant, 

JOHN F. HUNTER, 
Major llth Infantry^ conimanding. 
To Captain Geo. Deas, 

Assistant Adjutant General ^ U. S. Army. 

N. B. — At the time the regiment entered the engagement it num- 
bered 160 rank and file. 



Head-quarters, 14th Regiment, U. S. Infantry, 

Mexico J September 10, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that I left my quarters at Mix- 
coac, Mexico, onthe evening of the 7th September, 1847, and ar- 
rived about sunset at 'the village of Tacubaya, where I remained 
with my regiment until about 3 o'clock ©n the morning of the 8th. 
We then, together with other troops, marched towards Chapultepec, 
where we met the Mexican forces soon after daylight on the 8th. 

Here a battle ensued which lasted until evening of that day. My 
command was kept, in part, as a reserve, but was so situat'^.d as to 
receive considerable injury from tne fire of the enemy, both cannon 
and musketry. 

A detachment of four companies from it, under the command of 
Lieutenant Colonel P. O. Hebert, was sent towards the fort early in 
the action, which did not return to the regiment during the battle, 
but joined the regiment agai . soon after the other four companies 
had returned to Tacubaya. A report made by Colonel Hebert is 
attached to this report, marked A, as a part of the same. 



163 [1] 

The killed^ wounded^ and missing of the 14^^ regiment United 
States infantry^ on the iSth September^ 18-47, were as follows : 

Wounded. .1. Major John'H. Savage, severely. 

Company E. — Captain Edgar Bogardus. 

Killed ....1. Corporal Henry W. Givin. 
Wounded, .1. Corporal Lewis Warner, dangerously. 

Do 2. Private Fielding Young, severely. 

Do 3. Private Jackson W. Lowry, slightly. 

Missing. . .None. 

Company A. — Captain R. G. Beale. 

Killed . . . .None. 

Wounded..!'. Corporal Monroe Fleming, slightly. 

Do 2. Private Christopher Papst, severely. 

Do 3. Private Thomas Pearson, slightly. 

Do 4. James M. Cox, slightly. ^ 

Company B. — Captain P . B. Jinderson. 

Killed . . . .None. 

Wounded. .1. Private Robert Brenton. 

Do 2. Citizen Leonidas Edwards, of Texas, who had join- 

ed the mess of Captain Anderson, and went into 
battle with the regiment, severely. 

Company F. — Captain Thomas Glenn. 

Killed . . . .None. 

Wounded..!. Captain Glenn, slightly. 

Do 2. First Lieutenant Thomas Shields, severely. 

Do 3. Second Lieutenant Samuel B. Davis, slightly.. 

Do 4. Private Sawyer, severely. 

Do 5. Private Lynch, slightly. 

Do 6. Private Farral, slightly. 

Company G. — Captain James M' Scantland. 

Killed None. 

Wounded . .None. 
Missing. . .None. 

I Company H. — Captain J. P.Breedlove. 

Killed . . . .None. .. 

Wounded. .!. Second Lieutenant C. C Hays, slightly. 

I Do 2. Private Mallerby, slightly. 

Do 3. Private Hall, slightly. 



[1] 



Company I. — Captain Joseph W. Perkins. 



Killed . . . .None. 

Wounded..!. Private Gillespie, severely. 

Missing. . .None. 

Company K. — Captain Creed T. Huddleston, commanded by First 
Lieutenant Robert Humphreys. 

Killed . ...None. 

Wounded..!. Private Hardy Johnson, severely. 

Do 2. Private James R. Austin, slightly. 

Do 3. Private Thomas M. Hayter, slightly. 

Do 4. Private Henry Dunigin, slightly. 

I am, sir, with respect, your obedient servant, 

W. TROUSDALE, 
Colonel, Commanding I'ith Regiment V. S. Infantry. 
General George Cadwalader, 

Comd''g 2d Brigade, 2d Division, U. S. Arm.y. 



i 



MiscoAQUE, September 8, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to report, that upon ray arrival at the ha- 
cienda, or foundry, with four companies of the 14th regiment, I 
took command of all the forces in the interior of the building, and 
distributed them around the wall so as to make the 'best possible 
defence. For this purpose, I had platforms erected in an angle of 
the building, behind the wall, facing the enemy. I ordered a rap- 
,tured piece of artillery to be brought up by a detail from the 14th 
regiment, and having placed it in position myself, commenced a 
fire upon a redan within range, and occupied by the enemy. From 
this position they were soon dislodged, and the fire was continued 
upon a wood occupied by the enemy until the ammunition was 
exhausted. The piece was fired under the direction of Captain 
Glenn, of the 14th regiment, whom I had placed in charge. Four 
moulds for casting cannon, a number of muskets, and some ammu- , 
nition found inside, were destroyed. Such parts of the building as^ 
were combustible we attempted to burn. The enemy kept up a con- 
tinual fire of skirmishes, particularly after the fire of the piece of 
artillery ceased, but with no injury whatever to the troops inside. 
I found a portion of the 6th infantry occupying the angle of the 
building liearest the enemy. Captains Lovell and Hoff"man, of this 
regiment, destroyed the cannon moulds, &c. 

This position I occupied until relieved by command of Brigadier 
General Pierce, and then marched into Tacubaya. With regard.to 
the officers under my command, I can only say that every one did 
his duty nobly and well. .' ^ 

I am, with much respect, your ob^. dient servant, 

-P. O. HEBERT, 
Lieutenant Colonel 14th Regim.cnt United States Infantry. 

Colonel Wm. Trousdale, 

Commanding lith Regiment of Infantry: U. S. Ji-my. 



165 [ 1 ] 

, Tacubaya, Mexico, September 10, 1847. 

I Sir: In obedience to instructiojis from Major General Worth, 
' commaftding the first division, I have the honor to submit the fol- 
; lowing report of the operations of the assaulting column under my 
i command on the morning of the 8th instant. 

The assaulting column consisted of twelve officers and five hun- 
! dred men^- taken in proportion from the regiments composing the 
1/ first division, the whole divided into five companies of one hundred 
I men each, to wit: the 2d Rnd 3d artillery united, under First Lieu- 
|. tenant Shackelford and First Lieutenant Daniels; the 1st infantry, 
under Captain Walker, of the 6th infantry, with First Lieutenant 
! Haller; the 5th infantry, under Captain Merrill, with Second Lieu- 
tenant Farry, of the 3d artillery; the 6th infantry, under Captain 
I ♦Cady, with Second Lieutenant Maloney, of the 1st infantry; the 8th 
infantry, under Captain Eomford, with Second LieutenantSnelling; 
First Lieutenant Clark, of the 8th infantry, I selected as my staff 
j , officer; Captain Mason and Lieutejiant Foster, of the engineer corps, 
also joinecl the column. " 

At 3 o'clock, on the morning of the 8th, the column was paraded, 
and at 4 o'clock I reached the field, and remained in compact or- 
*der in^front of the enemy's batteries and lines, until it was light 
enough to distinguish his position, when I deployed to the left of 
our siege battery. After a few rounds from our battery, I ordered 
i the battalion to advance in line — the point of direction beiing the 
enemy's battery. The line moved forward in good order; and, at 
the distance of two hundred yards, the enemy opened on us with 
round and grape-shot with considerable effect — the ground being 
perfectly level. I instantly ordered the double quick step; the line 
advanced rapidly, and immediately came within close musket range. 
I found the enemy securely and strongly posted witnin his fort, 
jl and lines on either flank extending beyond vi'ew. He had aban- 
' 'doned his artillery, which was placed a little in advance, and with 
his immense superiority in numbers, and comparatively secure, was 
I enabled to concentrate all his fire upon our ranks, already very 
vnuch reduced in numbers. Myself struck down with a musket ^ball, 
J was unable to see the state of the contest for a few moments, and 
was soon after obliged to leave the field; not, however, before wit- 
nessing the movement of the gallant light battalion to support the 
advance. 

The assaulting column continued the combat, in conjunction with 
the other corps of the division, until the enemy's positions were all 
carried, and we remained in possession of the field; after which, 
there being but three officers left, and the rank and file very much 
reduced, they joined their respective regiments. 

The conduct of all the officers and men on this occasion i:- wor- 
thy of the highest commendation. Ten officers, and a large num- 
ber of the rank and file, were either killed or wounded. 

The hasty formation of- the assaulting column in the night be- 
fore the battle, it being drawn from six different regiments, 
and the loss, of four-fifths of my officers, renders it impossi- 



[1] 

ble for me to make a detailed report of the killed and wounded of 
the rank and file; they must necessarily be embraced in thbir com- 
pany and regimental reports. 

Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, your most obedient 
servant, 

G. WRIGHT, 
Brevet Major Sth Infantry^ corn' g assaulting column. 
Captain W. W. Mackall, 

Assistant Adjutant General., 

Head' quarters., \st Divisidn, Tacuhaya, Mexico. 



List of comjnissioned officers of the assaulting column killed or 
wounded in the attack on the Mexican batteries, near Tacuhaya., 
on the mor7iing of the Sth September, 1847. , 

1. Brevet Major G. Wr'ght, St^nfantry, commanding 

assaulting column 9. wounded. 

2. Captain M. E. Merrill, 5th infantry killed. 

3. Captain. A. Cady, 6lh infantry wounded. 

4. Captain W. H. T. Walker, 6th infantry do '* 

5. Captain J. L. Mason, engineer corps do 

6. First Lieutenant M. L. Shack^l.brd, 2d artillery. ... do 
•7. First Lieutenant C. B. Paniels, 2d a.tHlery do 

8. First Lieutenant J. D. Clark, 8th infantry, acting ad- 

jutant.... do 

9. Second Lieutenant J. F. Farry, 3d artillery...' killed. 

10. Second Lieutenant J. G. S. Snelling, Sth infantry., wounded. 

Tacubaya, Sej^teraher 10, 1847. 



Mexico, September 15, 1847. 

After the storming of Chapulgepec,*on the 13th of September, 1 
•was directed by the general-in-chief to follow you on the San 
Cosme road, and, report to you with the siege pieces. The guns be- 
ing in fixed batteries, and the horses sent the day previous to the 
depot at Miscoaque, there was some delay in getting in motion. As 
soon as the horses arrived, I sent Lieutenant Hagnev forward with 
a section, (one 24-pounder and one 8-inch howitzer,) escorted by a 
detachment of New York volunteers and marines, commanded by 
Captain Gallagher, New York volunteers, and followed with the next 
section, (one 24-pounder and one 8-iiich howitzer,) manned by a de- 
tachment from the first division, commanded by Lieutenant Ander- 
son, 2d artillery, and one 10-inch mortar, in charge of Lieutenant 
Stone, ordnance. All the batteries of the enemy had been carried 
before I joined you, except the one at the garita San Cosme. 

Lieutenant Hagner's section was advanced against this, but it was 
found impossible to bring his pieces into position to batter it, on 



167 [ 1 ] 

account of the nature of the ground, and his section was withdrawn. 
Lieutenant Hagner superintended the firing of a mountain howitzer, 
which was carried to the top of the building, and you shortly after- 
wards carried the enemy's battery by passing the infantry through 
the houses. By your directions, I then advanced two pieces and 
the mortar to the garita, and fired a few rounds from a 24-pounder 
down the street, and threw five shells from the mortar (at about 10 
o'clock, p. m.) towards the centre of the city. 

On the morning of the 14th, all the siege pieces mentioned above 
moved into the city with your division; and, when we were fired 
upon from the houses, Lieutenant Hagner was detached, with an 
8-inch howitzer, and fired several rounds into the houses the shots 
proceeded from. 

Three pieces were moved to the plaza, and two placed on the 
street leading from it to the Alameda, and remained in these posi- 
tions during the harrassing day of the 14th September. 
Very resnectfully, your obedient servant, 

# BENJ. HUGER, 

Captain J Jlct. Chief of Ordnance. 

To Major General Worth, 

Commanding 1st Division. 



Engineer Quarters, 
City of Mexico, September 16, 1847. 

Sir: I have th^ honor to submit, for the information of Major 
General Worth, the following report of the operations of the engi- 
neer company, whilst under his command, in the attack on this city. 
About 8 o'clock, p. m., on the 13th September, orders were received 
for the engineer company and its train to move forward and form 
the siege tr^in, under General Worth. At 4 o'clock, I reported to 
General Worth, who was then with his forces in the suburbs of the 
city in front of the battery at the garita; all the other batteries on 
that road up to this point had been already carried. The general 
informed me that I was the. senior engineer with his division, and 
directed me to go forward, see the condition of things in front, deter- 
mine upon what was to be done, and report to him as soon as pos- 
sible. There was One point to which 1 directed my particular atten- 
tion. He wished me, after a close examination, to decide whether, 
in my opinion, the heavy pieces should be ordered forward. 

I found Lieutenant Hunt, of Duncan's light battery, in advance 
of General Worth about 200 yards. His piece had been firing, 
through an embrasure of one of the Mexican batteries, against an 
embrasure battery of two guns at the garita. 

Some 400 yards further up the street, our troops were at that time 
on the right of the road, partly sheltered by walls of enclosures, 
and on the left by houses. There were very few houses on the 
right, but on the left there was a continuous row of buildings to 
the battery in our front, from which, at this time, we were re- 
ceiving a heavy fire of grape, and some musketry from the tops of 
the houses in the vicinity of the garita. 



[1 



168 



I returned to General Worth at once, and recomrtiended that the 
heavy pieces should not be brought up, but that they should pass 
from house to house, picking through the walls; thus approaching 
under perfect cover. The general directed me to bring up my com- 
pany, which was with the siege train just in rear, and to take charge 
of the operations. A few captured picks and crow-bars had already 
been ordered forward. When I reached the front wnth my company 
and tools_ the picking had been commenced, but was for some cause 
suspended. Lieutenants Haller and Judah,of the 4th infantry, and 
Lieutenant Pickett, of the 8th, who were in advance, gave me what 
information they had already acquired, and rendered efficient aid in 
conducting the operations. Near sunset, we reached the top of a 
three-story house, with flat roof.and stone parapet, within 40 yards 
of the battery — the enemy unconscious of our being in the vicinity. 
As soon as our fire was opened the enemy retreated, and succeeded 
in carrying with them one of their pieces. Part of the force with 
me on the roof was then engaged wiUi the enemy on the house-tops 
in rear of the battery. We soon dfPve them from their position. 
The other portion fell back to the stairs, made their way to the 
lower story, through the door into the street, and pursued the ene- 
my. Wjjen this party entered the battery, our troops from the 
right of the road had reached there just in advance of them. I 
was supported in this operation, on the left of the street, by "Colo- 
nel Clarke's brigade. 

Passing by the battery at the garita, we effected a lodgment on 
the left, in the houses; and, placing the main portion or the force 
under shelter, moved on with my own corps and a detachment of 
the 4th infantry, (under Lieutenants Smith and Judah,) and found 
strong positions on the right and left of the road, where the troops 
could rest protected from fire A large convent, 150 yards in our 
front, on the left of the road, was strongly fortified. The next 
cross street (the Paseo) had batteries upon it. This Tras reported 
to the general, who moved a brigade into the positions selected, 
and directed me, after placing the troops and picket-guards, to re- 
port in person at his head-quarters. 

I reported at 10 o'clock, and was ordered to suspend operations 
for the night and resume them at day-light. 

On the morning of the 14th, at 3 o'clock, with the engineer com-, 
pany, and a party of 20 men of the 5th infantry under Lieutenant 
Lugenbeel, we proceeded to the convent, and found that the troops 
had left it. Forcing our way into it and the adjoining barrack, I 
saw that the position was very strong; that the whole of the troops 
operating oji this road would be perfectly protected here, and that 
we had already turned the citadel, which I had before supposed to 
be further down towards the plaza. Lieutenant McClellan, who 
had gone on towards the Alameda, reported, about day-light, that 
the place was clear, and requested that troops should be ordered 

forward. I was at this time in the steeple of the convent of , 

and from this point could see thai the citadel was very nearly de- 
serted by troops; and, whilst considering whether to recommend 
an attack by storm, or advise the establishment of a battery to take 



• 169 [ 1 ] 

their guns in flank, I saw the head of General Quitman's troops ap- 
proaching the palace. A part of General Worth's command was at 
thistime in the Alameda. Lieutenant McClellan, with a portion of 
the engineer company, was between the Alameda and the plaza. 
Supposing now that the enemy had left the city, I proceeded with 
my men towards the plaza, but was recalled before proceeding more 
than two squares from the Alameda. 

During the remainder of the day, I acted under the immediate or- 
ders of the general, in the street-fighting, until the recall was sound- 
ed about 3 o'clock. A great many houses were broken open by 
my men, with crow-bars and axes ; many suspicious persons 
taken prisoners, and some killed. The enemy kept up an irregular 
but very annoying fire, from behind corners, and from doors, and 
windows, and house tops. They generally kept at a considerable 
distance. ■ Lieutenant McClellan succeeded, by taking to the roofs, 
in bringing a detachment of the company within good range of a 
large number of them, and killed 15 or 20 of them. In this affair, 
the 1st sergeant of the compan-y was wounded. By direction of the 
general, I sent to Chapultepec for powder, which did not come up 
until after the recall was sounded. The orders were to blo-w up 
every house from which a shot was fired ; unfortunately I could not 
execute the order for want of powder. 

I would call the attention of the general to the prompt and effi- 
cient manner in which the men of my company executed every or- 
der. Though often separated into half a dozen different parties, 
and necessarily without an officer at many points, they conducted 
themselves with the greatest propriety. No case of irregularity 
occurred amongst them during the day. My non-commissioned of- 
ficers all showed themselves, worthy and competent to command. 
The 1st sergeant, D. Hastings, was particularly distinguished for 
good judgment, great efficiency, and daring gallantry. I again re- 
commend him for promotion to the rank of commissioned officer. 

To Lieutenant G. B. McClellan, of the engineer company, I am 
indebted for most important services, both as an engineer and as 
a company officer. His daring gallantry, always conspicuous, was 
never more clearly shown than on this occasion. Operating most 
of the time rather separately, I relied implicitly on his judgment in 
all matters where I was not present to decide ; and am happy to say 
that the resultj in every case, justified his decisions. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GUS. W. SMITH, ■ 
Lieutenant Engineers^ commanding jcornpany. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

^. ^dj. Generaly 1st Division. 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 

' Mexico, September 16, 1847. , 

Sir : I have the honor to report the operations of my brigade on 
the 13!h instant. 



[1] 



170 



abandonment by he' Tn'my' w„ h „ *''" ""I'l' ! "n-J, after its 

short but harp'^ conflict Tt%T^''?n"'' "^ 'i" <"™io'>> after a 

cfna' I'o'k n whinr'"' '° '^,"S.^*' •" '"" th^ enemy'. 

seror?/?! f T ^'^ding a secure position^o the ri^ht of the 

second defence, I reorganized the command as it came uf mount 

been ordZJ^Zt ' """ ''■""'g'''"- regiment which had 

d:rnu:^'L":lu"c i sTo^r °;:;t; v,:rrot„r''' ';r "-r '- t- 

would be sunn^r^P.I P f ^-^ f^' ■ ° Inform them that they 

were'th:;d':sr • „rth : "e ^rce^-Ar't .f- '":' °""' '"^•*"' 

oTtL':tTe;trdV:?t"f^T^^^'''^"-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

r/f^r.iS?'^""-"^--"---"^^^ 

ly tor the first movement of the enemy indicative of retreat Tl,„ 

m:n";roV ii: irJ:^trv^ "^^ ^t^ infant^-, fiuotid'r; deta?h! 

menis o the 2d and 3d artil-ery, under Colonel Belton, rushed un 
the road, when they entered the work simultaneous y with t^e 

tr;ar?y"slS?lfi:\^"^'^ and left-Captain MaXnL'lltorm- 
1 ig party sJightly in advance. One of the enemy's o-uns was can 

: d7o' t;:*da:^rnf,r-t '' "^--^ -ear mgh^t t°!:i";;e?ati:n^; 

ta wv 5'ie day, and the troops went into quarters. 
Ihe regimehtai commanders, whose reports are herewith en 
closed, marked A and B, ni%rit the highest praise for the^r Valiant' 
fcuTa Zl7:7:t ' 'f ^^ '^'^'y^^ '« their report for ;: -' ' 
to "hem fo th '^- ^'"i'^''' ' '"° "'""-^ ^'^''^ ^^^^°^ be given 

wnerever ther took shelter. I must not omit to call the attention 



17i , [ 1 ] 

of the general to Lieutenant Halier, of the 4th infantry, who gave 
evidence of courage and good conduct; his efforts were untiring 
and crowned with good results'; and, also, to Lieutenant Grant, of 
the same regiment, who acquitted himself most nobly upon several 
occasions, under my own observation. 1 might, with propriety, 
name other officers of the brigade who are entitled to special notice 
for their soldierly conduct, but that it has been already done- in the 
several regimental reports. So much has been said in my former 
reports of actions of the gallant bearing of the officers of my per- 
sonal staff— Brevet Captain Nickols, acting assistant adjutant gen- 
eral, and Lieutenant Thorn, ^acting aid -de-camp — that it is only 
necessary to remark that they rendered most important services, 
incurring greater personal risk, on account of my feeble health, 
than I could have desired. A list of casilalties will be found 
attached to each of the regimental reports. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JNO. GARLAND, 
Brevet Colonel, U. S. Army. 

Cap'.ain W. W, Mack all, 

A. A. General, 1st division. 



City of Mexico, September 17, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to instructions, I have the honor to report the, 
operations of my battery around Chapultepec and in the city of 
Mexico, on the 13th, 14tb, and 15lh September, 1847. 

On the morning of the 13th, one section was detached, under 
Lieutenants Hunt and Clarke, to join General Quitman's command, 
operating on the right of Chapultepec, whilst the other section 
accompanied the 1st division, operating to the left. 

For the details of the services of the detached section, during 
its absence, I beg leave to refer to the accompanying report of 
Lieutenant Hunt, who commanded it. During the assault of Cha- 
pultepec, the section of Lieutenant Hays was temporarily sheltered, 
under the walls, of El Molino, from the destructive artillery fire 
from the castle. 

After this position was carried, this section followed the division 
in pursuit of the enemy, till it came upon his second line at St. 
Thomas, between Chapultepec and the city, near which point the 
detached section, under Lieutenant Hunt, rejoin'ed. 

Whilst dispositions were being made to dislodge the enemy, now 
in front of us. General Quitman's commauv! had become warmly 
engaged on the Tacubaya causeway, to our right. The enemy's 
position, in front of General Quitman, was in full view from ours, 
and represented him stoutly resisting the progress of General Quit- 
man's column by a warm musketry and artillery fire, delivered from 
an intrenchment thrown up for the defence of that approach to the 
city. 

One piece of Lieutenant Hay's section was, by order of the 



[1] 

general, moved through the archway of the aqueduct, to a point 
that completely flanked the enemy's position, within easy range of 
his intrenehmentsii" A brisk fire was opened upon his flank, which 
he resisted for a time, as well as that poured upon his front by 
General Quitman's troops; his hold, however, was soon broken, 
when he fled towards the city. About this time. Lieutenant Clarke 
brought up another piece, and both, guns opened an effective fire 
upon the retreating forces, and kept it up until they took shelter 
in the suburbs. Two new batteries now opened upon General 
Quitman's column, and a third upon our section with effect; accord- 
ingly (as the section could produce no further adequate results in 
favor of General Quitman) the guns were withdrawn under cover 
of the aqueduct. 

After the enemy's intrenchments at St. Thomas had been car- 
ried, a howitzer, under Lieutenant Hunt, was ordered forward to 
assist in driving the enemy from a troublesome little breastwork 
and battery across the road, which it completely raked. 

As soon as the enemy was driven from his intrenchments, the 
ho-witzer was moved gallantly forward, and the exterior of the 
work occupied, when the enemy opened a three gun battery, with 
terrific effect upon the position, from the garita of San Cosme, 
about two hundred yards distant. 

Though the intrenchments afforded but imperfect protection 
against the enemy's shot, the position was maintained till our 
infantry turned and took the garita battery, when the howitzer, and 
soon after the entire battery, advanced to the gates of the city, 
now in our possession. 

Early on the morning of the 14th, we entered the city. On this 
and the following day, the services of different pieces of the battery 
were brought into requisition to clear the streets, and support the 
infantry engaged in driving the guerillas from the house tops and 
interior of the buildings. 

The conduct of the officers of the battery , Lieutenants H. J. Hunt, 
W. Hays, and H. F. Clark, on this, as on all former occasions, 
merits the highest commendatiqn. During one period or another 
of the operations, the services of each were isolated, and always 
discharged with skill, gallantry, and intelligence. 

Th,e non-commissioned officers and men behaved as became the 
good reputation they enjoy for bravery and devotion to duty. 

Our loss was one man, private Gilmore, killed ; one private, 
Stanley^ mortally w.ounded; on.e private, Murphy, desperately, and 
artificer King; privates Bateman, Smith, Watson, Wolf, and Des- 
mond, slightly wounded. When private Gilmore was killed, a New 
York volunteer, named McKenney, took his post, and discharged 
his duties till he himself was desperately wounded. 

Very respectfully, I have the honor to be your obedient servant, 

JAMES DUNCAN, 
Brevet Lieut. Col., U. S. A., comd^g Light Battery A, 2d Art. 

Captain V\^ W. Mackall, 

A. A. General, U. S. Army. 



173 [i] 

Head-quarters, 2d Artillery, City of Mexico, 

SeptemheT 15, 1847. 

Sir- I have the honor to submit this report of the operations of 
the battalion under ray command, in the battle of the I3th instant. 
This banalion was made up of two companies of the 2d, and two 
companies of the 3d artillery, remodelled from the companies of 
these regiments serving with their colors on the 11th instant, much 
reduced however, by detachments to the siege batteries and to the 
storming party for the assault of the works of Chapultepec. About 
seven in the morning the battalion moved, with the 1st division, 
across the nlain to the Molinos de los Reyes, where it was established 
until the a'ssault commenced. -At this time it numbered 1 held otii- 
cer, 5 captains, 4 lieutenants, 9 sergeants, and 144 rank and file 

The brigade moved forward by the left of the mill and hacienda, 
by the San Cosme road, in rear of Chapultepec, and sustained the 
fire of cannon and musketry from that side of the work, and had 
steadily proceeded, when the fall of the Mexican colors, and the 
elorious display of our own, on the towering cliffs and battlements 
above, was instantly followed by the hot pursuit of the enemy across 
the ditches and ponds to the left of the road and aqueduct. Ihe 
recall assembled the battalion on the road. 

After the halt, while the field batteries and cavalry passed to the 
front, two companies of the 3d artiHery under my command were 
ordered to support a section of Duncan's battery, advanced to within 
range of the Cindella and the butteries on the Paseo, and, shortly 
afterwards, to occupy the hacienda on the left, called Teja, by pass- 
ino- across the meadow. This position was at the head of an ave- 
nne and causeway to the Paseo and Cindella, which was held during 
the operations against those fortified points. The enemy gave way 
about half-past 12,»and any detachment then moved to the left and 
joined the division at San Cosme. 

Captain Brooks's (2d artilUery) report (during the period I was 
detached) 1 have submitted herewith. . 

From San Cosm6 the battalion advanced upon the ganta, under 
the tremendous fire of grape and musketry, and obtained the posi- 
tion of the convent and cross street of the square next below the 
garita. The houses on the left of the street were th^n occupied, and 
the slow process of boring through commenced— crowbars having 
come up from the rear. Being lelt at this time in command of the 
forces present, I deemed it essential to answer the call for additional 
force for the parties in the houses on the left of the street, buU^l 
learned, from the report from the top of the convent^ that our flank 
was menaced by a large force of lancers, and observing, also, that 
Captain McKenzie,2d artillery, with'the detached stormers, about 
96 men, was present, this opportune reinforcement induced me to 
embrace the advantage held out by that gallant oflficer and his party, 
to feel the way to the battery and turn the position, now galling 
us by a severe fire of several hours' duration. This operation was 
performed with skill and success, supported by the fire of the moun- 
tain howitzer from the roof of the convent, and the advance through 
the houses and walls on both sides of the street 



I 



•# 



[ 1 ] 174 

The trophy, a fine sixteen-pounder, complete, a large quantity of 
fixed "ammunition'^, and three fine mules', fell into the hands of the 
artillery, and was secured by them. 

Lieutenant R. W. Johnson, 3tl artillery, was on duty with the 
gallant command of Captain Mackenzie. 

Of my own regiment during these operations, I had but two offi- 
cers — Lieutenants Shields and Lendrum — commanding C9mpanies' 
and both borne up by the excitement of the glorious events of the 
day to exertions requiring unimpaired vigor. The latter had been 
on duly all night previous with the siege battery; and both merit 
distinction. 

The a-tlvance of the whole artillery battalion, in which Captain 
Brooks and Lieutenants Sedgwick and Allen led their companies 
gallantly, deserves my entire commendation. 

I had the satisfaction to find that Colonel Garland approved the 
movement of Captain Mackenzie on his return to the brigade from 
a temporary absence. 

I submit a return of casualties, &c., and remain, with great re- 
spect, your very obedient servant, 

F. S. BELTON, 
Lieutenant Colonel 3d Artillery^ commanding Zd Artillery. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

A. A. Gcn''lj Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, Mexico. 



Mexico, September 15, 1847. . 

Sir: Agreeably to your request, I have the honor to submit the 
following report. of the 2d regiment of artillery, while engaged in 
storming the city of Mexico on the 13lh instant; 

The. enemy, after having been forced to abandon Fort Chapulte- 
poc, disputed the causeway leading to the city, until found in large 
force occupying a strongly fortified positibn some distance in front 
of the garita of San Cosmo. 

The 2d artillery was ordered forward by the brigade commander, 
Colonel John Garland, and deployed to the left. 

I succeedcd"^n reaching the fort with a- few men. Here Lieuten- 
ant U. S. Grant, with a few more men of the 4th infantry, found 
me; and, -by a joint movement, after an obstinate resistance, the 
strong field-work was carried, and the enemy's right was com- 
pletely turned, ,^ 

Lieutenant J.. H. Gore, who had attacked the position in front, 
now fortunately joined^ us with a few men of the 4th infantry, 
which enabled us to pursue the routed foe from house to house, and 
from tree to tree, until the advance occupied'the 2d barrier, in front 
of, and exposed to, the faking fire of the enemy's guns at the ga- 
rita. The regiment was then recalled, to be re-forrued, and a second 
successful charge, under a heavy fire from the enemy, was made 
, immediately under your own observation. 

Strong details having been detached from the regiment for the 



I 



175 [ 1 ] 

storming party, and for the siege train, there remained to be car- 
ried into action only about one hundred men and three officers — 
Lieutenants John Sedgwick, Harvey Allen, and myself, each in 
command of a company. 

At the first charge, while passing from house to h.o\xs&^ Lieutenant 
Sedgwick joined me in the advance; and for a long time the fire 
from the enemy's battery was sustained with only about forty men, 
of the 2d artillery and 4th infantry. 

A list of the killed and wounded will accompany this report. 

I have the honor to be, colonel, your obedient servant, 

HORACE BROOKS, 
Captain 2d Artillery^ comd^g Battalion. 

Lieutenant Colonel F. S. Belton, 

Comd'g Artillery of \st Division . 



Head-quarters, Fourth Ikfaktry, 

City of Mexico^ Sept. 16, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to your orders, I have the honor to submit the ^ 
following report of the operations of the 4th infantry, on the 13th 
instant, at the taking of the city, and on the 14th, during the skir-. 
mishing inside. 

On the morning of the 13th, Lieutenants Rodgers and McConnell 
were detached, with a storming party of fifty men; and Lieutenant 
Russell with the siege battery under Lieutenant Hagner. The bat- 
talion, numbering 235 bayonets, took its proper position on the left 
of the 1st brigade, and moved out to El Molino. After remaining 
a few minutes in front of the mill, it was ordered forward on the 
road running on the north of fort Chapultepec, to support Ca] tain 
Magruder's battery, under the walls of that fort. , As we approached, 
the enemy commenced to retire, and immediately the battalion, 
crossing the wet field to the left of the road, was in full pursuit. 
We followed them nearly to the first barrier at the angle of the 
aqueduct, when we we^e ordered to halt and re-form on the road. 
At the first barrier, th^ enetny was in strong force, which rendered 
it necessary to advance with cau-tion. This w^as don#; and when / 
the head of the battiilion was within short musket range of the / 
barrier. Lieutenant N^rant, 4th infantry, and Captain Brooks, 2d 
artillery, with a few men of their respective regiments, bya hand- 
some movement to the left, turned the right flank of the enemy, 
and the barrier was carried. X'ieutenant Gore, who had attacked 
the enemy's front, now joined Lieutenant Grant and Captain 
Brooks; they, with a few men of their regiments, followed the 
enemy to the second barrier, from which the 4th infantry was with-,, 
drawn by an order to assemble the battalion for the support of the 
howitzer battery. Meanwhile, Major Buchanan, with a small party 
of eight men, gained a position on the roof of a house near the 
second. barrier, and when the mountain howitzers got up, was ena- 
bled to place them so as to do much execution. From his position 



^fl. 



[ 1 ] 176 

the major was also enabled to direct me with the battalion to a 
church on the right of the road, from whence we succeeded in 
gaining possession of the second barrier; just before reaching this 
pointj I detached Lieutenants Haller and Judali, with A and C com- 
panies, to support Major Buchanan; anf^, by his orders, they were 
advanced on the left of the road, through and over the houses to- 
wards the garita. After holding possession of the second barrier 
for nearly an hour and a half, the troops were ordered forward, on 
both sides of the road, and in a few minutes the garita was carried. 
Lieutenants Sidney Smith and Judah, with Lieutenant G, W. Smith, 
of the engineers, and a small party of the sappers and miners and 
4th- infantry, pursued the enemy nearly half a mile into the city, 
and captured the adjutant general of the Mexican army, and another 
gun. By this time it was night-fall, and the battle ceased. On 
the 14th, after marching into the city, the troops were fired on by 
Mexicans from the streets and house-tops. Major Buchanan, with 
one wing of the 4th infantry, was' ordered by General Worth to 
dislodge them, and clear the streets. He was actively engaged 
during the greater part of the day in the execution of these orders, 
and only returned for want of ammunition about sun-down. At 
this time I detached Lieutenants Judah and Jones, with A and D 
companies, on the same duty; and by night it was accomplished. 
Lieutenant Haller, with company C, had been previously detached 
to another portion of the city on similar duty, which he executed 
in a satisfactory manner. 

My duty now requires fhat, among all who behaved well, I name 
those who were most distinguished for their zeal and activity. 
Brevet Major Buchanan, acting major of the. regiment, executed 
important arid gallant service, and otherw^ise gave me, from his 
advanced position, most useful information. Second Lieutenant 
Maloney, acting adjutant, although wounded, did not retire from 
the field until after the evening of the 14th; and First Lieutenants 
Go^e, Sidney Smith, (mortally wounded on the 14th,) and Haller, 
and Second Lieutenants Grant and Judah, behaved with distin- 
guished gallantry on the 13th and 14th. Lieutenant Judah speaks 
in the highest terms of Second Lieutenant D. F. Jones. Second 
Lieutenant McConnell joined the regiment after the storming of 
Chapultep%c, and was very active during the remainder of the day. 
I regret to report the loss of Second Lieutenant Rogers, who was 
killed in the storming of the fort; for in him the regiment has lost 
a most meritorious and gallant officer, and one every way worthy 
of the distinguished name he bore. 

Whilst I deem it proper to particularize the above naitied officers, 
I cannot refrain from calling the attention of the major general 
commanding to the fact that there is not, nor has not been, since 
the landing of the regiment at Vera Cruz, a single captain on duty 
with it. This, when a regiment has behaved so well, ard when its 
young officers have uniformly displayed such gallantry, should be 
taken into consideration in the distribution of those rewards which 
are the great incentives of the good soldier to the performance of 
deeds of valor. 



177 ' [ 1 ] 

Assistant Surgeon James Simons was most actively employed on 
the field in the discharge of his appropriate duties, during both 
days of the fight. 

I have the honor to enclose herewith a list of the non-commis- 
sioned officers and soldiers who distinguished themselves; also a 
list of casualities, by which it appears that our loss was, one second 
lieutenant, ten non-commissioned officers and privates, killed; one 
first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, and thirty-four non-commis- 
sioned officers and privates, wounded, and one private missing. 
Aggregate. — Forty-seven killed and wounded, and one private 
missing. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

FRANCIS LEG, 
Major 4:th Infantry ^ commanding regiment. 

Captain W. A. Nicols, 

A. A. A. General^ \st Brigade^ \st Division. 



Heab-quarters, 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 

City of Mexico^ September 15, 1847. 

Sir : I have the honor to report the following, as operations of 
the second brigade, first division, on the 13th instant : 

The brigade formed and marched with the division on the above 
mentioned day, to support the attack upon Chapultepec. Whilst 
in position with that view, it was ordered to file by its left, and 
follow an aid-de-camp, to aid in an attack upon the works of that 
fortress. Accordingly the 8th infantry, being in front, gallantly 
moved forward; also the 6th and 5th, and participated in the assault 
and eventual capture of the enemy's works, and of many prisoners. 

The zeal and intrepidity displayed by these corps, officers and 
men, were conspicuous, and deserve the highest praise; and in these 
particulars all are so deserving as to render discrimination im- 
possible. 

A portion of the 6th infantry, by order of some superior officers, 
it is said, separated from the brigade, operated upon some other 
point, and did not rejoin until the morning of the 14th. The 
residue, under the gallant Lieutenant E. Johnson, remaining with 
it throughout the day. The brigade having been re-formed upon 
the height of Chapultepec, advanced towards, and participated in 
the operations of the day at San Cosme. The 5th, 6th and 8th, 
advanced steadily upon the enemy, penetrating the walls of houses, 
and finally attacking, and delivering upon him a close and destruc- 
tive fire, at which he fled, abando ling all further resistance. 

The perseverance and valor of Lieutenant Johnson, although in 
ill health, in conducting a portion of the 5th, entitle him to par- 
ticular mention. 

The activity and energy of other officers, in the operations of 
perforating walls and partitions of houses, on both sides of the 
12 



[1] 



178 



street, to gain access to the enemy and attack him, was highly 
creditable. 

My acting assistant adjutant general, Lieutenant and Adjutant R. 
W. Kirkham, 6th infantry, always foremost and in advance, fulfill- 
ing and seeing to the execution of my orders throughout the day, 
deserves my warmest praise. 

I enclose herewith a report of killed, wounded, and missing. 
I will enclose or forward, as soon as received, the reports of sub- 
commanders. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, 

N. G. CLARKE, 
Colonel Qth Infantry^ commanding. 
Captain W. W. Mackall, 

j3. ji. General. 



Head-quarters, 5th Infantry, 

Mexico, September 15, 1847. 

Sir : In obedience to your orders, I have the honor to submit the 
following report of the operations of the 6th infantry during the 
13th instant : 

About 7, a. m., on the morning of the 13th, the regiment was 
formed on the right of your brigade and proceeded to the rear of 
Chapultepec at the Molino del Rey, where we remained for a short 
time, when the regiment was ordered forward to support the storm- 
ing party and entered the works of the enemy immediately in their 
rear. 

In proceeding to Chapultepec, the regiment was much exposed to 
the fire of grape and round shot, but our loss was but slight. 

A detachment from the regiment, consisting of Captain Ruggles, 
2d Lieutenant J. R. Smith, and 61 rank and file, composed a por- 
tion of the storming party, and were among the very first who en- Ij 
tered the fortifications. ' 

After the capture of this important position, the regiment was 
ordered to advance towards Mexico and support the 1st brigade, 
who were hotly engaged in pursuit of the retreating enemy, and we 
were soon near enough to the enemy to become once more engaged 
with a portion of the regiment. 

Captain McPhail, with two of the companies, mistaking the proper 
causeway, became temporarily separated from the regiment, and 
passed up the causeway with General Quitman's division, to within 
a short distance of the city, and there rejoined the main body. 

After advancing to within grape shot range of the garifa, the regi- 
ment was ordered to support the siege train, and remained in that 
position, partially protected by the aqueduct from the very severe 
fire of the enemy for some time, when it was ordered to advance, 
endeavor to turn the battery at the garita, and drive the enemy from 
that position. 

Under the guidance of Lieutenant G. W. Smith, engineers, this 



179 [ 1 ] 

last duty was performed, the enemy driven into the city, and one 
of their guns captured. 

The regiment was then advanced into the city, and occupied an 
advanced position during the night. 

lam again called upon to lament the loss of an officer. Lieuten- 
ant J. P. Smith, was mortally wounded while engaged with the 
storming party at Chapultepec, and died the same day. After being 
engaged in seven battles, this brave, gallant and accomplished of- 
ficer, has been cut off in the flower of youth, and the commence- 
ment of a career that promised to redound to his own credit and 
advantage to his country. 

Captain Ruggles was with the storming party and detached dur- 
ing the day. 

Lieutenant S. H. Fowler, regimental quartermaster, advanced 
with the command as far as the Molino del Rey, where severe ill- 
ness compelled him to return to his quarters, but he rejoined the 
regiment in the city during the afternoon. 

Captain McPhail was slightly wounded during the afternoon, but 
not before he had rendered good service; and he was seen advanc- 
ing witH the storming party into the fortress. 

My thanks are due to Lieutenant and Adjutant Lugenbeel and 
Lieutenant Rossell, who were with me the whole day, and rendered 
important services. 

Sergeant Henry Farmer, of B company, the color-sergeant, was 
again wounded, and this time severely. This is the third time this 
very, excellent soldier has demanded the attention and notice of his 
commander. 

The sergeant major of the regiment, John Greer, was very active 
during the entire day, and has behaved very handsomely during the 
operations around Mexico. 

The total loss of the regiment was Lieutenant J. P. Smith and 
two rank and file killed; Captain McPhail and seven rank and file** 
wounded. 

Respectfully submitted. 

WM. CHAPMAN. 
Captain 5th Infantry^ commanding regiment. 

Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, 

A. A. A. General 2d brigade^ 1st division^ U. S. Army. 



Head-quarters, Battalion 6th Infantry, 
Mexico City, September 15, 1847. 

Sir: I have the hoor to report, that on the morning of the 13th 
inst., this battalion was under your immediate observation in its ad- 
vance upon the castle of Chapultepec, under a heavy fire of artille- 
ry and musketry. As I reached the foot of the hill, one of Gene- 
ral Cadwalader's staff directed me to turn the hill by the north to 
prevent the enemy from escaping. As I approached the Tacubaya 



[1] 



180 



road, the enemy were retreating and dispersing in all directions. I 
immediately gave pursuit witli the portion of the regiment with me 
at the time. General Quitman overtook me at the hacienda, and 
ordered me to collect the portions of the different corps as they ad- 
vanced, at the same time supporting Captain Drum's battery. This 
column, under the command of Generals Quitman and Shields, ad- 
vanced along the aqueduct, from arch to arch, towards the city, un- 
til the enemy were found to abandon their breastwork, thrown 
across the road. Here again the battery of Captain Drum advanced 
rapidly. Generals Quitman, Smith and Shields, supporting its ad- 
vance until a lodgment was made at the garita itself. The fire of 
the enemy now became extremely severe from batteries in front and 
on the flank. Several charges were made by the enemy. The 
greatest exertions appeared to be making by General Quitman. 
Captain Drum's battery had ceased for a moment, the riflemen and 
others, more closely under the fire of the enemy, being rapidly sur- 
rounded. I advanced the portion of my regiment, placing them flat 
upon the breastwork and around it. The enemy fell back, and to- 
wards sunset the firing ceased entirely. I now suggested to Gene- 
ral Quitman the propriety of my uniting with the other poi;tion of 
the regiment, under General Worth; and, between 2 and 3, a. m., he 
consented for me to do so, which I did about daylight. Captains 
Hoffman and Lovell, and Lieutenant Buckner were with me. . I can- 
not but express myself gratified with the conduct of all upon this 
occasion. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 
Major y 6th Infantry, commanding battalion. 

The 6th infantry, in its different operations of the day, had four 
killed, eight wounded, and four missing. 
. B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, 

Major, Qfh Infantry, commanding battalion. 
Lieutenant R. W. Kirkham, 

M. A. A. General, 2d brigade, \st division, Mexico city. 



Mexico, September 16, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report the operations of a portion of 
the 6th infantry, under my command, in the battles of the 13th. 
The battalion of the 6th infantry moved from Molino del Rey on 
the morning of the 13th, by the left flank, towards the grove at the 
base of Chapultepec. I was then in command of the company next 
to the rearmost one of the battalion. When the headmost compa- 
ny reached the grove, an order was given for the regiment to move 
around the base of the hill, to the left of the castle, in order to cut 
off the retreat of the enemy. This order I did not hear; but when 
I reached the base of the lii!l, I saw some of the regiment moving 
tj.|). I immediately advantcil up the iiill with a portion of liie bai- 



181 [1] 

talion, and participated in the attack which resulted in the taking 
of the castle of Chapultepec. 

When the battalion was re-formed in the castle, I found myself 
the senior officer in command, with the colors of the regiment, and 
detachments from all the companies of the battalion present. With 
these, I moved forward with the other regiments of the brigade, 
in pursuit of the enemy, on the road leading from Chapultepec to 
the city of Mexico. When we entered the street in the suburbs of 
the city, we found the enemy posted behind an adobe breastwork, 
which he had thrown across the street from the aqueduct to a 
church. From this breastwork and church, he swept the street 
with his fire. In order to dislodge him from these positions, I moved 
to the right through a gate-way, passing in the rear of several 
buildings, until I reached a large dwelling, fronting on the street, 
occupied by the enemy. I ordered my men in, broke open the 
windows on the street, and opened afire from the balconies and top 
of the house on the enemy in the church, and behind the breast- 
work. The enemy returned the fire very briskly; but without ef- 
fect, as my men were under cover. I advanced some of my men 
still further up the street in the direction of the enemy, by passing 
in rear of other buildings, and, from a door opening on the street, 
my men continued their fire. 1 occupied these positions for a con- 
siderable time, keeping up a brisk fire on the enemy, until other 
troops of ours came up, who, passing in rear of the church under 
cover of a large w^all, succeeded in gaining a cross street which 
came down on the enemy's rear. They, perceiving this, abandoned 
their position, and fell back on the garita, their next position, from 
which they continued to fire with musketry and artillery. I now 
moved round thechurch wall, and joined the troops who were in 
the cross-street. I remained here some time under the orders of 
Colonel Garland. I finally requested permission from Colonel Gar- 
land to join the 8th infantry, under Major Montgomery, and with 
him to endeavor to gain a position nearer to the enemy in the 
garita. Permission was granted. We made an opening in a wall 
on our right with picks and crow-bars, entered the enclosure, and 
passed through it to the opposite side; here we opened another 
wall, got into another enclosure, and passing through it, gained a 
position in rear of some buildings quite near the enemy. Here, we 
formed the storming party under Captain McKenzie. With some 
ten or twelve good marksmen of the 6th and 8th, I entered a small 
adobe shed, which fronted on the street. From the windows of 
this shed, I immediately opened a fire, with considerable eflfect, on 
the enemy, who were not more than thirty yards distant. In a few 
moments, the enemy fled up the street, and were joined in their, 
flight by several hundred who occupied the garita an4 houses ad- 
jacent. When the enemy commenced his flight, I ordered my men 
out of the building into the street. We followed them rapidly, 
firing into them as they fled, and entered the garita with other 
troops of our division. 

Lieutenant Howe was the only officer with me during the day. 
He acted with commendable zeal and activity. The non-commis- 



[ 1 ] 182 

sioned officers and men, under my command, conducted themselves 
with gallantry. 

During the day, I had one man killed and two wounded. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

EDWARD JOHNSON, 
First Lieutenant^ Qth Infantry. 
Lieut. R. W. KiKKHAM, 

^. A. A. Generalj 6th Infantry^ 2d Brigade. 



Head-quarters, 8th Infantry; 

City of Mexico J September 10, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that, on the 13th instarvt, the 8th 
regiment of infantry marched with its division to assault the for- 
tress of Chapultepec. At the Molino del Rey, it received a fire 
which wounded one man. The regiment then moved into the forest 
below the fortress, and there received a galling fire from small 
arms. At double quick time it charged up the hill, over ditches, 
rocks, and breast-works, to the enemy's walls, where it halted some 
twenty minutes and returned his fire. His ranks beginning to re- 
coil, the regiment charged forward with other storming forces into 
the enemy's work, where it received a severe fire from various co- 
verings of the place; but continued to drive them, till they were 
either forced over their own walls or taken prisoners. 

Now commenced a contest of an opposite character; our officers 
contending with their own men, who, exasperated by the treachery 
and murderous conduct of the enemy, seemed resolved to take no 
prisoners. It was difficult to restrain their indignation. 

The fortress taken, the regiment marched rapidly in pursuit of 
the retreating enemy, whom it assisted to dislodge from successive 
positions. 

At the gates of the city, the enemy made their last stand, and an 
obstinate defence from that point, which the regiment reached by 
cutting through walls and advancing on the tops of houses. So 
soon as we had obtained a position from which our fire was effec- 
tive, the enemy broke and abandoned their strong position. Captain 
Bomford and Lieutenant Merchant, rushed forward and turned one 
of the enemy's deserted guns, and gave them several fires to expe- 
dite their departure. Here the battle ended. 

We took quarters for the night a short distance in advance, and, 
having adopted the requisite precaution, enjoyed a good night's 
rest. 

By day light the followino; morning, we were under arms and ad- 
vanced. Near the Paseo a desultory fire commenced, which con- 
tinued during the day, from some irregular force concealed in and 
on houses, and at corners of streets. 

Early in the morning, we took a position near the Franciscan con- 
vent. The following morning, a detachment of the enemy's lancers 
charged near our position, but made its retreat as rapidly as it had 
made its appearance. 



i 



183 [ 1 ] 

The regiment went into action with 220 bayonets, including 56 
detached under Lieutenant Selden as a storming party, for which 
most of the detachment volunteered — First Sergeant John L. Fisk, 
of company K, who was badly wounded, setting the example. The 
conduct of this detachment, and its officer who was badly wounded 
in the assault, doubtless will be reported by Captain McKenzie, 
who commanded the storming party. 

Out of the whole number of the regiment engaged, it lost but 
two officers; four non-commissioned officers, and nine privates 
wounded, although from the commencement to the end of the ac- 
tion the regiment was one of the foremost. 

Captains Bomford and Gates, Lieutenant Longstreet, adjutant, 
Lieutenants Merchant, Picket, and myself, were all the officers with 
the regiment; the others either disabled by wounds, sickness, or 
detached. 

Lieutenant Longstreet was wounded while assaulting Chapulte- 
pec, and when in the act of discharging the piece of a wounded 
man. He was always in front with the colors. His high and gal- 
lant bearing won the applause of all who saw him. 

Captains Bomford and Gates, Lieutenants Merchant and Picket, 
were equally conspicuous for .their noble exertions and gallant con- 
duct. All are entitled to, aj^d are commended for, the most favor- 
able notice of the proper authority. 

After Lieutenant Longst/eet fell, Lieutenant Picket took charge 
of the regimental colors; had them borne the first to the top of the 
palace, lowered the enemy's standard, and replaced it with that of 
the 8th infantry and the national flag, while the battle was yet 
raging beneath. 

Corporal McAuley, of company I, bore our colors, and fell 
wounded while so doing — the sixth bearer of them thus shot during 
the actions of the 8th and 13th instant. Drum Major Muir bore 
them bravely through the remainder of the contest. 

Sergeant James Bealey, of company I, and acting sergeant major, 
was conspicuous for active exertions and good conduct, encour- 
aging th£ men, and in person exhibiting the noblest example, as he 
has on other occasions. 

Other non-commissioned officers and privates, fully d.eserve spe- 
cial mention antl the highest praise; indeed, the occasion called 
into requisition the utmost exertions of all. 

To the regiment collectively is the country indebted, and most 
heartily do I commend officers and men to ils approbation, and 
trust they may receive that notice and reward to which they are so 
justly entitled. 

Very respectfully, I have the honor to be, sir, your very obedient 
servant, 

W. R. MONTGOMERY, 
Brevet Majors commanding 8th infantry. 

Captain W. W, Mackall, 

ji. J?. General, head- quarters, \st division. 



[1] 



184 



Head-quarters 1st Brigade, 2d Division of Regulars, 

City of Mexico^ September 19, 1847. 

Sir: For the information of the brigadier general commanding 
the division, I have the honor to report the operations of this bri- 
gade, on the 13ih and 14th instant. I reported to General Quitman, 
at Tacubaya, on the morning of the 13th, and was ordered by him 
to form the reserve of his column in the attack on the east side of 
Chapultepec. My brigade consisted of the regiment of mounted 
riflemen, 1st artillery, and 3d infantry. 

The main body of General Quitman's command was advanced by 
the road lea-^ling from the east end of Tacubaya, towards the foot 
of the hill of Chapultepec. In pursuance of the general's direc- 
tions, I formed my brigade in his rear, and prolonging my right 
beyond his, to cover his right and rear from the enemy stationed 
near the aqueduct leading from Chapultepec to the city; and I de- 
tached two companies of riflemen under Captain Simonson, and 
afterwards a third, under Lieutenant Morris, still further to my 
right and rear, the better to secure the whole. 

The enemy's principal batteries on this side, were discovered to 
be at the foot of the hill near where the aqueduct leaves it, so that 
prolonging my line in that direction brought the .regiment of 
mounted riflemen on my right, immediately in rear of the storming 
party under Captain Paul, 7th infantry, and when the attack was 
ordered, they (riflemen) entered the battery along with the storm- 
ing party, and carried the second battery in rear of the first, where 
several guns and many prisoners were taken. General Quitman, at 
the head of the column, immediately directed the riflemen on the 
road towards the city, by the garita of Belen; after filling up the 
ditches in front of the first battery suflficiently to pass one of the 
heavy pieces, I followed with the rest of the brigade, and the piece 
under Captain Drum, 4th aitillery. The advance — regiment mount- 
ed riflemen — under the immediate direction of General Quitman, 
supported by the fire of Captain Drum's piece, an eight-inch how- 
itzer, followed by the rest of the brigade, carried a battery near 
the Casa Colorada, half-way to the garita, and here the general 
halted the. column to reorganize it for an attack on the battery at 
the garita. 

The regiment of mounted riflemen, supported by the South Caro- 
lina volunteers, in advance, the rest of General Quitman's division 
following, and the remainder of my brigade, together with part of 
the 6th infantry, under Major Bonneville, who had fallen into this 
road, in reserve. Lieutenant Benjamin now came up with another 
piece, (16-pounder,) and after a few rounds from the artillery, the 
advance of riflemen, led by General Quitman in person, charged 
the battery at the garita and carried it, entering the city of Mexico, 
at that point, exactly at twenty minutes past one, p. n\. The re- 
serve having pushed forward, arrived at the battery at the same 
moment. A six-pounder, captured here, was opened on the enemy,. 
and the ground in front of the garita cleared. 

They soon, however, opened a heavy battery from the citadel,, 



185 [ 1 ] 

300 yards to our left and front, and a cross fire from the houses on 
our right and front. The troops in advance of the garita were re- 
called, and my brigade was then directed to occupy the building oV 
the garita, on our left of the road and within the city, and prepara- 
tions made to establish batteries in front of our heavy guns. This 
was done during the night by Lieutenant Beauregard, and at day- 
light, three heavy guns, in position, were ready to open their fire, 
when we learned the city was abandoned by the enemy's troops. 
After taking possession of the citadel and leaving a garrison in it, 
we advanced to the grand plaza, my brigade leading; and, having 
formed there, saluted the national colors planted by anon-commis- 
sioned officer of the regiment of mounted riflemen, on the national 
palace, at 7 o'clock, a. m. 

The regiment of mounted riflemen was acting immediately under 
the eye of the major general, and he, better than any other, can 
testify to its uniform and noble conduct. Its major, Loring, fell 
wounded, while gallantly leading it, just before arriving at the 
garita. Captain Simonson, who succeeded to the command, (Cap- 
tains Sanderson and Crittenden having been detached with their 
companies on distant service,) during the attack on the garita, dis- 
tinguished himself for his zeal and energy. 

Captains Backenstoss, Tucker, and Porter, Lieutenants Morris, 
McLane, Russell, Hatch, Granger, and Gibbs, have deserved par- 
ticular mention for their gallantry, and'Brevet Second Lieutenant 
James Stuart, one of the storming party, was the first to mount 
every battery from Chapultepec to the city. 

Major Dimmick, commanding the 1st ar+illery, Captains Nauman, 
Winder, and Hathaway, Lieutenants Haskins, Brannan, and Coppie, 
set the most noble example of coolness and courage. Lieutenants 
Haskins and Brannan were wounded. 

Captain Alexander, commanding 9th infantry. Captain Van Horn, 
and Lieutenant Shepperd, displayed the greatest courage and ac- 
tivity. 

Captain Roberts, regiment mounted riflemen. Captain Dobbins, 
3d infantry. Lieutenant Haskins, 1st artillery, Lieutenants Richard- 
son and Bee, 3d infantry, and Lieutenant James Stuart, regiment 
mounted riflemen, were the officers detailed from this brigade for 
the storming party, and they all justified the choice by the most 
daring courage. 

In the course of the 14th, a fire from the houses and corners was ■ 
commenced by the Mexicans, which was not entirely quelled until 
the next day, and all the companies in succession were engaged in 
driving them off". After a very vigorous attack on the 15th, by a 
party of mounted riflemen, under Captain Roberts, on the main 
body of these irregular combatants, and the severe loss he occa- 
sioned them put an end to this annoyance. A report of the killed, 
wounded, and missing, has already been transmitted: the number is 
one hundred and sixty-six. 

I cannot withhold my highest commendation from the whole 
brigade. Those who witnessed its whole conduct will not accuse 
me of partiality in saying its gallantry and discipline could not be 



[1] 186 

surpassed; and I conclude by again recording the gallant bearing 
of my aid-de-camp, Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, who was every- 
where engaged in his duty, under the hottest fire, even after re- 
ceiving a severe contusion in the foot from a musket ball. 
Your obedient servant, 

PERSIFOR F. SMITH, 
Brevet Brig. Geri., commanding 1st brigade, 2d division. 



Head-quarters 4th Artillery, National Palace, 

Mexico, September 20, 1847. 

Sir: In compliance with your circular of yesterday's date, I 
have the honor to report that the 4th regiment of artillery, on 
Tuesday, the 7th of September, marched from Coyoacan and bivou- 
acked at a hacienda some two miles from Tacubaya; that, on the 
8th, it marched to the field of battle of Molino del Rey, and con- 
tinued there until evening, when it returned to its former quarters 
at the hacienda. On the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, the regiment 
was at the village of La Piedad, engaged in various duties, par- 
ticularly in that (common to its brigade) of observing the works and 
operations of the enemy. 

On the 12th, a detachment of two commissioned officers, First 
Lieutenant Hill, and Second Lieutenant De Russy, one sergeant, 
(Collins, of C company,) and twenty -five privates, volunteered as 
part of a sto. ming party, to be employed at the stronghold of Cha- 
pultepec, and were accordingly engaged, with high credit, as is 
understood, in that brilliant exploit. On the same day, the regi- 
ment was ordered forward, on the La Piedad causeway, to scatter 
a body of the enemy's troops engaged in that quarter. It accord- 
ingly advanced to a redoubt in the suburbs of the town, and re- 
mained there some time under a fire of round shot and musketry. 
The end for which it was sent being accomplished, it returned, in 
obedience to orders, without the range of the enemy's fire, and 
there awaited further orders. These having been received, it 
marched, by the way of Tacubaya, to the San Cosme suburbs of 
the city, and, on the 14th, entered the city with the 2d brigade of 
the 2d division, to which it belonged. 

I enclose a list of the killed and wounded, merely remarking 
that that of company G, the battery company, is required to be 
separately reported — its loss being probably three times the amount 
of this list. 

I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. L. GARDNER, 
Major, 4:th Artillery, commanding regiment. 

Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

.^ss. Adj. Gen., 2d brigade, 2d division. 



187 [1] 

. Head- QUARTERS, 2d Ini'AntrYj National Palace, 

Mexico, September 20, 1848. 

Sir: In compliance with instructions received from brigade 
head-quarters, I have the honor to make the following report of 
the operations of the 2d regiment United States infantry, since it 
le'ft the quarters it had occupied in the village of Coyoacan, during 
the armistice. 

On the evening of the 7th instant, the regiment marched from 
Coyoacan, and bivouacked at a hacienda, between two and three 
miles south of the cityj early the next morning, marched through 
Tacubaya, and formed, with the other two regiments of the bri- 
gade, in line of battle, in front of Molino del Rey. After remain- 
ing in the position for some time, the regiment was "ordered to 
Molino del Rey, to relieve the troops who had occupied that posi- 
tion since the action of early in tl^ morning. In marching down, 
we were exposed to a fire from the enemy's guns at Chapultepec, 
several shells bursting near our column, but fortunately no one was 
injured. The troops in the building, or works, were relieved by 
five companies of the 2d, who were actively engaged for nearly 
two hours with the enemy's skirmishers, who occupied the slope of 
the hill in front of Chapultepec, the remainder of the regiment, as 
a reserve, behind the walls; the regiment was then ordered to 
retire, and carry the wounded of other regiments found in the 
works to a place of safety. This having been accomplished, it re- 
turned to the hacienda we had left in the morning. The regiment 
met with no loss, in either killed or wounded, during the day. 

On the morning of the 9th, the regijnent took a more advanced 
position at the village, or church, of Piedad, about 2 or 2^ miles 
south of the city, where it remained until the 13th, actively em- 
ployed in harrassing the enemy, directing his attention from other 
points, and supporting our batteries, which finally silenced 
his guns. On the afternoon of the 12th, a call was made on the 
regiment for two officers, seven non-commissioned officers, and 
forty-five privates, to form part of the storming party required for 
storming Chapultepec. The call was instantly responded to, and 
so many volunteered for the occasion, that lots had to be cast to 
determine who were to go, and who left behind. It fell to the 
lot of Cantain Casey, 1st Lieutenant Wescott, and 2d Lieutenant 
Steele, to accompany the detachment. Captain Casey, (who the 
next morning was wounded during the assault,) being the senior in 
rank, was placed in command of all the detachments from the regi- 
ments of the 2d division. The command of the detachments from 
the 2d infantry devolved on 1st Lieutenant Westcott, who has made 
bis report to the senior officer of the detachments taken from the 
2d division. Of the storming party from the regiment, two pri- 
vates were killed; and one captain, 1 corporal, and 14 privates 
w^ounded. 

Late in the afternoon of the 13th, the regiment marched from 
Piedad, through Tacubaya, and by Chapultepec, to the garita San 
Cosm6, (the entrance to the city,) where we remained during the 



[1] 



188 



night. On the morning-' of the 14th, the regiment, with other 
troops, marched into the city of Mexico, and halted at the Ala- 
meda, in the western part of the city. It was soon after detached 
to accompany Captain Lee, of the engineers, to the garita San 
Antonio, situated in the southern part; marching through the 
grand plaza, in front of the cathedral, we entered a street run- 
ning south from the palace, and, when opposite the third square, 
(from the plaza,) were fired on by the enemy from the tops and 
windows of houses in advance of us, and from the corners of 
streets, and also from the streets running east and west, and from 
the steeples of churches. 

I ordered the houses in the vicinity to be broken open, and the 
men to be posted on the roofs, and at the windows and doors. It 
was with great difficulty we could open any of the iron-bound and 
barred doors and gates, and in uiany cases impracticable for want 
of the proper implements; however, we succeeded in entering sev- 
eral of the building, where, from the roofs, the enemy were de- 
stroyed, or driven from the top of one house to another, and from 
street to street — the different companies acting in a measure inde- 
pendently. 

A detailed account of the operations of each company would 
extend this report to an unreasonable length. Lieutenant Tilden, 
commanding company B, and Lieutenant Lyon, commanding com- 
pany D, I directed to proceed on the streets running east. They 
gradually destroyed or drove the enemy before them from about 
four squares to the canal bridges.- Lieutenant Steele, with com- 
cany C, advanced several squares to the south, killing, or driving 
before him the enemy that were firing from behind corners, and 
returning the iire he was exposed to from the house-tops. He saw 
a large body of lancers in one of the cross streets, but, not having 
force enough to attack them, they were too cowardly to attack him. 
The other companies of the regiment, commanded by Captains 
Penrose, and Wessels, and Lieutenants Lovell, Davidson, and Jar- 
vis, were posted as far as practicable to the best advantage — some 
on the roofs, and at the windows, and doors of houses; others, 
near corners of streets, in such positions as to fire on the scattered 
enemy whenever he made his appearance. Captain Kingsbury 
giving his attention to those posted to the south, and the adjutant, 
(Lieutenant Jones,) and m) self, to those more to the north and 
east. In several hou'ses entered by our troops, they found ammu- 
nition, officers' and soldiers' clothing, and, in some of them, arms. 
This street fight lasted between five and six hours. We had de- 
stroyed and driven the enemy from every point where they made 
their appearance and could be encountered, when (our ammunition 
being nearly expended) orders were received from the general com- 
manding the division, for the regiment to retire to the grand plaza, 
in front of the palace. 

From the reports of the different officers, I may safely say that 
the enemy lost in killed between forty and fifty, and more than 
that number wounded; four Mexicans, supposed to be officers, 
were taken prisoners, and two killed. It is believed that most of 



• 189 [ 1 ] 

the enemy opposed to us were Mexican soldiersj who had thrown 
aside their uniform, and that they were generally acting under the 
directions of Mexican officers. 

The casualties, during the day, were one sergeant and one cor- 
poral killed; and 1 subaltern, (1st Lieutenant Lyon, slightly in the 
leg, by a spent ball.) 1 sergeant, 4 corporals, and 18 privates 
wounded. A detailed list of the killed and wounded has been for- 
warded to you. 

It only remains for me to state that the entire regiment, both 
officers and men, behaved, on this occasion, as they have always 
heretofore done — that is, in the most fearless and gallant manner. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

T. MORRIS, 
Captain 2d Infantry, corn'g Reg. 
Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

A. A. Gen. 2d Brig., 2d Div., Mexico. 



Head-quarters of the 7th Infantry, • 

Palace of Mexico, September 22, 1847. 

Sir: Agreeably to the orders of the brevet colonel commanding 
the 2d brigade of the 2d division, I have the honor to report that 
the 7th infantry commenced its march from near the village of San 
Angel about sundown, on the evening of the 7th instant, and ad- 
vanced about three miles in the direction of the enemy's left flank, 
and took possession of a large hacienda about 10 o'clock that night, 
with orders to hold it until further orders, it being deemed a very 
important position, commanding many passes to and from the 
enemy. 

On the morning of the 8th, same. General Pillow's order was 
received to move immediately upon Tacubaya to be in position to 
support the 1st division, if necessary, which was warmly engaged 
with the enemy at or near the foundry at Molino del Rey. Upon 
approaching the village of Tacubaya, I met Paymaster Kirby, who 
informed me that he had come by General Scott's order to conduct 
the brigade to its position marked out by the general-in-chief. 
Pursuing our march, we arrived on the field where the battle had 
commenced that morning, and formed a line in rear of the foundry 
and a work attached to itj about this time. Colonel Rildy joined 
from the village of San Angel, where he had been detained since 
the day previous by indisposition; during which time, the command 
of the brigade devolved upon the undersigned. 

The line of battle was preserved in this field with two or three 
slight changes, and with no severe interruption from the enemy's 
fire, except some close firing from his batteries at Chapultepec. 
After the public property, and the dead and wounded had been 
removed, which were the effects of the victory gained by the 1st 
division that morning, the 7th, with 1st brigade, received, about 2 
<>'. loi k, p. m., orders from Major General Pillow to return to the 
•losition which it had left that morning. 



[1] 190 

On the morning of 9thj we advanced, (my regiment forming a 
part of the brigade,) and formed line of battle within cannon range 
of the enemy's left flank, driving his advanced pickets, and sup- 
porting our field batteries, till those of the enemy were silenced on 
the 12th, same. By vigilance and judicious movements, the strong 
force of the enemy on his left flank were held in check, and our 
important objects secured. 

On the afternoon of the 12th, same, an order was received, call- 
ing for one captain, one subaltern, three sergeants, three corporals, 
and thirty-nine privates, to form part of the storming party to 
storm Chapultepec, which was attacked and carried by our troops 
in a most gallant manner on the morning of the 13th, same. I 
respectfully refer to the report of Captain Paul, herewith enclosed. 
During the charge. Lieutenant Gault was shot dead while hurrying 
his men to the conflict. For bravery and daring intrepidity, he, 
probably, was not surpassed by any gentleman in commission in 
the United States army. His loss will long be regretted by his 
regiment. 

In the afternoon of the 13th, same, I moved the 7th infantry, 
with the brigade, from the left flank of the enemy to his right 
flank, passing through Tacubaya and following on the route of the 
retreating enemy, and halting about 9 o'clock, p. m., for the night, 
in the outskirts of the city. About 6 o'clock the next morning, 
orders were received to form my regiment, and continue the march 
down one of the main streets leading to the main plaza. Arriving 
opposite the Alameda, the attack commenced, apparently by the 
mob, (the city having been previously surrendered by the city 
authorities,) in the discharge of fire-arms, and casting brickbats and 
stones from the corners of streets and roofs of houses, which was 
briskly kept up through that day and the next, (15th,) before the 
o-allant daring of our troops were able to silence it by their bold 
and efficient soldierly eff^orts. 

The return of the killed and wounded has already been furnished. 
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. PLYMPTON, 
Lieutenant Colonel 1th Infantry^ commanding^ 
Captain E. R. S. Canby, 

Assistant Adjutant General^ 

Head- quarters^ 2d brigade. 



City of Mexico, September 17, 1847. 

Sik: On the evening of the 12th inst., I receive'd orders from tlie 
general-in-chief to report to you for duty at " El Molino de los 
Reyes," for the intended attack the next morning on Chapultepec, 
with orders to repair and put in good condition during the night 
those of our batteries which had been firing during the day, and 
which might have need of it. On arriving at El Molino at about 9, 
p. m., I called for a working detail of two companies, and having 



191 [ 1 ] 

collected the necessary materials, in doing which I was greatly as- 
sisted by Lieutenant Ripley of your personal staff, I commenced 
repairing and strengthening the parapet of gun battery No. 3, 
armed with one 24-pounder howitzer and one 18-pounder, (brass,) 
but, the carriage of the latter being found unserviceable, an iron 
24-pounder was substituted in its place. The battery was also 
changed from a barbette to an embrasure battery. At half past 3, 
a. m., the working party was dismissed, gun battery No. 2 having 
been found in a sufficiently good condition to require no repairs. 
On the morning of the 13th instant, at about half past 5, a. m., all 
the batteries opened upon the enemy's works at Chapultepec; and, 
after firing upon them for about two hours, whilst the preparations 
for the assault were being made, according to your directions, they 
then opened with grape and howitzer shells upon the wood imme- 
diately surrounding the foot of Chapultepec hill, on the south and 
west side of it, and affording protection to the enemy's light troops. 
The object being to drive them out of it, so as to enable our assault- 
ing column to advance to the foot of the hill with but little oppo- 
sition. After transmitting your orders for the cessation of the ar- 
tillery firing and the advance of the assaulting column, I repaired 
to the spot occupied by the mountain howitzer battery, in the grove 
of cedar trees and near the foot of the hill; and, finding that its 
commanding officer, Lieutenant Reno, had been wounded, I directed 
its firing on the large body of the enemy's troops, occupying the 
crest of the hill immediately in advance of the assaulting column, 
and remained with it until masked by our own troops. I then 
went to assist the commanding officers of the voltigeur regiment 
to place their command in the most advantageous position on the 
right of the assaulting column towards the ramp leading up to the 
works on the top of the hill, so as to drive away, by a close and 
well aimed fire, the enemy from behind the breast-height wall which 
surrounds the citadelj and, as soon as the charge was ordered, I 
joined the assaulting column and entered the works with it. Find- 
ing th.en that a large portion of the enemy's forces was retiring on 
the Tacubaya road, pursued by some of our troops, I descended 
from the hill and joined in the pursuit. There I found it was Gen- 
eral Quitman's command; but, at his request, remained with him 
as his engineer officer, Lieutenant Z. B. Tower, had been wounded 
in the head. I was shortly afterwards wounded in the left side 
and thigh, but the wounds being slight, I remained with him on 
duty until the next morning, when we entered the city of Mexico, 
took possession of the citadel, and planted the star spangled ban- 
ner on the walls of the palace at 7 o'clock, a 



ob 



I uii iiie waiis ui ine paiace ai / o'cioct, a. m. 

I have the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully, your most 

edient servant, * 



P. G. T. BEAUREGARD. 

Lieutenant of Engineers. 
[ajor General Gideon J. Pillow, U. S. Army. 



[ 1 ] 192 



Garita de San Cosme, City of Mexico, 

Seiptember 18, 1847. 

Sir: In accordance with instructions received from Major Gene- 
ral Pillow, commanding 3d division of the army, I have the honor 
to present a report of the operations of the battery of light artil- 
lery under my command, on the 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th in- 
stants. 

On the 8th instant, at daylight, I was directed, by Major Gene- 
ral Pillow, to move rapidly from the hacienda, near Mixcoac, 
through Tacubaya, to support, if necessary, Major General Worth's 
division, then fiercely engaged with the enemy near Chapultepec. 
This order was complied with; and I arrived on the field in time to 
witness the defeat of the enemy, with great loss on both sides, and 
to assist in driving off a large body of cavalry, M^hich threatened 
our left flank and rear. The latter was done by a few well directed 
shots from the section under the immediate command of Lieutenant 
Jackson. 

Later in the day, I was directed by General Worth to look to a 
small body of our cavalry, which had been sent to recover the re- 
mains of Lieutenant Armstrong, 2d artillery, killed in blowing up 
a factory of the enemy; and observing that a considerable party on 
the other side, composed of cavalry and infantry, approached with 
the intention of attacking it, I opened a fire, which drove the en- 
emy oflf in a few moments. Soon after, I received orders to retire 
to our original position, near Mixcoac, the operations of the day 
being over. 

On the 9th, the division occupied the village of La Piedad, in 
front of which a section, under Lieutenant Jackson, was placed — 
another being on the Piedad road. Finding that Lieutenant Jack- 
son's section was nearer the enemy's lines, and that no attack would 
probably take place on the Piedad road, I took my post, on the 10th, 
with this advanced section, retaining with me Lieutenant Jackson, 
and leaving the other section under the command of the orderly 
ser^^eant. During this day, the enemy threw two shots, (attracted 
by a reconnoissance, under Lieut. Stephens, engineers,) by which 
we obtained his range, and found that the battery was quite under 
the fire of his heavier metal — a distance of about one thousand yards. 
His force appeared to be about twelve thousand men, a large por- 
tion of it cavalry, carefully protected by entrenchments. Finding 
that the latter portion of his troops would not come into the open 
plain, and that my battery was unnecessarily exposed to the fire of 
the enemy's batteries of position, I determined to make a new road, 
parallel to the one from the village, by which we had reached our 
picket, and withdrawing the guns by the open road, to place them 
within ten yards of the same position by the n%w one, connecting 
the two roads by a bridge, over a deep and wide ditch, at the ends 
nearest the enemy; thus concealing the pieces during the day, both 
from the artillery and cavalry, in the hope of drawing the latter 
from cover. This plan was fully carried out, during the nicrht of 
the iOlh, with the assistance of Major B.nnbiiu^i,- ;iiid a cliiarh- 
nitni oi" liis command. 






193 [ 1 ] 

Before daylight, on the morning of the llth, the section was 
placed in its new position, perfectly screened by rows of the ma- 
guay (agava grande) from the enemy's view. At 4 o'clock in the 
afternoon, on the llth, the Mexican cavalry began to move by its 
left flank, from its entrenchments; and having crossed the road in 
front, to the number of about five hundred, I opened a fire upon 
them, across the field, with the twelve-pound howitzer, charged 
with spherical case shot — having trailed the six-pounder, loaded 
with round shot, down the straight road, to give them a recochet 
fire as they returned. Their object seemed to be to turn our right, 
or to find out our exact position and force. After the two first shots, 
the range was obtained, and the effect of the shells was most satis- 
factory. The enemy's formation was that of " fours;" and, in 
countermarching, which he did, after the first three or four shells, 
in order to leturn to his forts, he presented to us a division of eight 
files, each hvtlf moving in opposite directions. Being in excellent 
range, every shell exp!oded among them, or in the immediate vicin- 
ity, soon producing great confusion and a rapid retreat into their 
"works, to reach which it was necessary that he should repass the 
road commanded by the six-pounder, which was done at a most 
rapid gallop under its fire. His loss I have not ascertained, though 
it must have been very considerable. During the execution of this 
fire on the cavalry, the section and picket were exposed to a can- 
nonade from the enemy's forts, by which the battery sustained no 
loss, and but one man of' the picket was killed. When the cavalry 
re-entered the entrenchment this cannonade ceased. 

I beg leave to record, to the shame of the Mexican army, one of 
those miserable tricks, common only among uneducated, cruel, and 
cowardly nations, but which, upon this occasion, might have created 
much inconvenience to my battery. Soon after the re-entrance of 
the cavalry, a Mexican was seen running from the forts towards us, 
and shouting. The oflScers and men naturally crowded together in 
the open space to receive him, or to hear what he had to say; when 
one of our ofl[icers, who had been at Monterey, came up, and recog- 
nizing the trick, explained it in a moment. The object of the en- 
emy being that we should crowd forward, attracted by this appeal 
to our sympathy on the part of a deserter, and when a sufiicient 
number should be collected thus together, without formation or 
order, in a spot of which he had measured the range, to explode his 
shells in rapid succession and destroy us. The troops, however, 
were forthwith ordered to their posts, and I had barely time to have 
the caissons and limbers removed further to the rear, when three or 
four shells burst, very rapidly, in the centre of the section, fortu- 
nately without any material injury to it — wounding, however, in 
two places, an officer of the 15th, who was temporarily on duty 
with it. A few moments after, observing a party reconnoitring, in 
the road, with the view of noting the effect of their shells, a round 
shot was fired upon it from the six-pounder, upon which the ene- 
my's reconnoissance ceased. At this time, the battery was ordered 
to march forthwith to the right of the enemy's lines, a distance of 
13 



/ 



[ 1 ] 194 

• 

six or seven miles, and arrived on the plains of Molino del Rey, 
near Chapultepec, at -1 o'clock on the moining of the 12th. 

During this day, (the 12th,) the battery was employed in watch- 
ing a cloud of cavalry, which appeared again on our left and rear, 
and in preventing their approach towards Chapultepec, to molest 
the operations of the heavy artiller_y, then playing on that work. 
The army having been ordered to encompass more closely the ene- 
my's outworks, on the night of the 12t.h one section of this battery 
was placed in position, on the right flank of Chapultepec, and the 
other to the rear, to assist in preventing the approach of the ene- 
my's relieving army. No attack was, however, made during the 
night; and, on the morn^rfg of the 13th, I was directed by Major 
jGeneral Pillow, comm^ding, to place the latter section, under the 
command of Lieutermit Jackson, at the opposite angle — that is, on 
the left flank of Chapultepec — and at a given period to open my fire 
from the right section, under ray immediate command, upon the 
enemy's entrenchments and covers, both as a signal for the general 
action to com.mence, and to brush away the enemy's skirmishers, 
in order to facilitate the advance of our own and the storming par- 
ties. This was done at the time and in the manner prescribed, and, 
I believe, with full effect. "^ 

As soon as our storming parties advanced sufficiently near the 
enemy to render my fire dangerous to our own troops, I received 
orders from General Pillow to rejoin the other section of the battery, 
at the left angle, anrl, holding it in hand until the main work was 
carried, to dash forward upon the retreating foe. On reaching the 
spot where Lieutenant Jackson's section ought to have been, I found 
Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, with but seventy men, threatened seri- 
ously by the approach of a large body of cavalry and infantry. I 
had determined to leave one piece at this point, and to unite the 
other with Lieutenant Jackson's section, when I received a message 
from him, requesting {Treinforciment of old troops. General Worth 
/ beino- near, I communicated with him, and was ordered to withdraw 
\ Lieutenant Jaikson's section to the angle above mentioned. As I 
rode up into this section, I, was dismounted by a grape shot, but 
Iwithout material injury, and succeeded in finding Lieutenant Jack- 
'son, whose section was, however, so situated as to render it more 
unsafe to return than to remain where it was. 1 accordingly has- 
tened to General Worth, who immediately advanced with a portion 
of his division, followed by the other section of my battery; and, 
upon reaching the enemy's works, thrown across the road, behind 
which a gun had been pitying with murderous effect, I found it un- 
occupied, eight of my horses killed at one spot, one gun disabled 
for want of hdrses, and the infantry filling up the ditch across the 
road, 10 alloW passage for artillery and wagons. 
;i Lieutenantilackson reports that he was ordered to that position by 
^Colonel Trousdale, of the 14th infantry, under whose command he 
had fallen; that on finiling a battery of the enemy supported by a 
large force of infantry within short range of him across the road, 
he fired as soon as he could bring a piece into battery, and drove 
the enemy from the piece and work, after which the infantry en- 



195 [ 1 ] 

entered it. When I arrived, Lieutenant Jackson was still in the /. 
advance, having caused a piece to be lifted by hand over the ditch./ "^ 
I detached instantly a few men to disentangle and bring up the 
disabled piece, and passing the ditch, now nearly filled up by the .. 
infantry, soon overtook Lieutenant Jackson, who had fired several^ '^"^ 
times upon the enemy's retreating columns before my arrival. ,- I 
forthwith advanced with the three pieces, brought two, and soon 
after three, into battery, within good range of the enemy; when I 
found that the last files of his columns were entering another very 
strong entrenched work, which completely barred our progress for 
the moment towards the city. Behind these entrenchments, and as 
far as the eye could reach on the right and left, the enemy appeared 
in great force of cavalry and infantry. I observed, however, that 
there was no artillery fire from these works, which completely- 
commanded the road, and but a feeble fire of escopettes. 

I, therefore, immediately ordered the attack, and a rapid fire of 
cannister, round shot, and shell was opened upon him. A large 
body of lancers, supported by infantry, soon formed in the road m 
front of their works, to charge the battery, which, being consider- 
ably in advance of the army, was only accompanied by some twenty / 
men, under Lieutenant;/Hill, of the 4th artillery, and perhaps twice • / 
that number under other officers who were separated from their re- 
giments. 

The enemy moved forward in good order, led by their officers, 
■when a fire was poured upon him from all the pieces, which re- 
pulsed him and drove him back into his works. Three times did 
he form, encouraged with the hope of an easy victory, over a bat- 
tery separated from the main body of the army, but with a like 
result, until the whole was forced to find shelter behind the aque- 
duct, leading on the right towards the city. Perceiving at this 
moment that the enemy was bringing up heavy artillery from to- 
wards the city to the works in front, I communicated the state of 
things to Colonel Garland and Major Sumner, who had just ar- 
rived with their commands; and, requesting the latter to mask the 
movement by throwing troops in my front, I limbered to the rear 
and moved off the pieces to arrange the ammunition, limbers, &c., 
somewhat out of order by the occurrences of the moming, to be 
ready to move again to the front, as soon as Colonel Garland^s 
movements to the left and front, which was taking place at the 
same time, had been completed. This occupied perhaps twenty 
minutes, when the battery again advanced; but, before it could 
reach the work in front, it had been carried in the most gallant 
style by the infantry. It was then put in pursuit by mvsdf, but 
halted by order of Major General Worth, who having d'iscoverefi 
other works on the road to the city, garnished with artillery, aiad 
also observing cavalry still threatening our left, directed mt' to 
place a section in battery on the right of the captured work/i'ook- 
ing towards the city, and another on the left against the cayalry. 

Immediately, a column of our infantry was ordered to ^e front 
towards the city, to drive off the enemy and carry his remaining 
■works; but, being forced to letire through want of k;iowIedge of 



[ 1 ] 1% 

the ground, and by the severity of the enemy's fire of artillery, 
rampart guns, &c., he, the enemy, made a push to recapture his lost 
works; but, meeting a fire from the section of ray battery, wisely 
placed in position by General Worth, he soon retired. Twice this 
occurred with a like result; when, finally, the garita (gate) was gain- 
ed, and I was ordered to retain the battery in the same position 
during the night. On the morning on the 14th, a section of this 
battery was placed at the garita of SanCosme; the other remaining 
in the captured work, called the English burying ground, which 
positions they now occupy. 

I beg leave to call the attention of the major general command-^ 
ing the division to the conduct of Lieutenant Jackson, of the 1st J 
artillery. If devotion, industry, talent, and gallantry, are the' 
highest qualities of a soldier, then is he entitled to the distinction 
which their possession confers. I have been ably seconded in all 
the operations of the battery by him; and upon this occason, when 
circumstances placed him in command for a short time of an inde- 
pendent section, he proved himself eminently worthy of it. Lieu- 
tenant Hill, of the 4th artillery, at the moment when the enemy was 
about to charge the battery, offered the services of himself and his 
very small force, in the most gallant manner, to sustain me under all 
circumstances. The service is indebted for similar proofs of devo- 
tion, at a critical moment, to Lieutenant Bee, 3d infantry, to Cap- 
tain Glenn, and to Lieutenants Blackburn, Isaacs, and Davis, of the 
4th infantry. Nothing that I can say can add to the reputation of 
officers so distinguished as Colonel Garland and Major Sumnerj 
but I cannot omit to express my high appreciation of the alacrity 
with which they made the necessary dispositions to enable me to 
repair the damages which the battery had suffered, and to relieve 
it from the threatened fire of heavier artillery of position, without 
the enemy's being aware that it had moved at all. With a force 
of less than one hundred men, including my company and the in- 
fantry, this battery was engaged with the enemy for nearly an hour 
before the army came up. The assistance of other branches of 
the service to light artillery under such circumstances, is invalu- 
able. 

Of the non-commissioned officers and privates of the company I 
have the honor to command it is impossible to speak too highly. 
Without the hope of fame, which, under trying circumstances, may 
inspire the officer, these men have set an example, in common 
with others of their grade, of perseverance, fortitude, and courage, 
worthy of all praise. From the 8th to the 15th instant, the maches 
have been lit, the horses of the battery never unharnessed, and the 
drivers and cannoniers have been always at their posts. I pay this 
tribute to their fidelity as the least act of justice due them. 

Below, I have the honor to transmit a list of the killed and 
wounded. 

I an, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

J. BANKHEAD MAGRUDER, 
Captain light artillery^ com?g company /, 1*^ regH, 
Captain T. Hooker, 

Acting Adjutant General, V. S. A. 



197 [ 1 ] 

Killed, 
Musician Gormley, 8th instant. 

Wounded. 

Captain J. B. Magruder, twice slightly, 13th instant. 
Captain King, serving temporarily with the battery, 11th instant. 
Private Paul Dalyra, severely, 13th i-^stant. 
Private James Donelly, slightly, 11th instant. 
Private Anthony Kriess, slightly, 13th instant. 
Private Edmond Lonagen, severely, 13th instant. 
Private William Merrick, slightly, 13th instant. 
Private A. Shedrick. company G, 14th infantry, [attached,] se- 
verely, 13th instant. 

Missing. 

Private Hankin, company F, 13th infsntry, [attached.] 
Ten privates of the 3d division, attached to the battery on the 
field — names unknown. 

Horses. 
Nine killed — three wounded. 

P. S. — I had nearly forgotten to mention that Lieutenant An- 
drews, of the 3d artillery, seeing me in want of officers at the Eng- 
lish burying-ground, offered his services, he being separated from 
his regiment. I gave him command of a piece, which' he used 
aofainst the enemy with judgment and effect. 

^ ^ ^ J. B. M. 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 

Tacubaya, September 15, 1847. 

Captain: I have the honor to submit for the information of the 
noajor general commanding the division, the following report of the 
operations of my brigade during that portion of the 12th, 13th and 
14th days of September, whilst it was under my immediate com- 
mand. *0q the morning of the 12th, before the dawn of day, my 
brigade, consisting of the 9th and 15th regiments of infantry, (the 
12th regiment having been left as a guard to the hospitals at Mix- 
coac,) proceeded from the village of Tacubaya to take up a posi- 
tion to the left of said town, as a covering force to our heavy bat- 
teries, destined to act against the enemy's strong works at Chapul- 
tepec. This position, taken without opposition, was maintained 
until dark without any other change than showing front to the left 
in the course of the day, in order to oppose a strong body of caval- 
ry and infantry, which, for a time, threatened that flank. As soon 
as it became sufficiently dark to conceal the manoeuvre, the brigade 
was directed by the general commanding the division to move 
silently under cover of a long range of buildings, known as the Mo- 
iino del Rey, which place is immediately under the guns of Chapulr 



[1] 



198 



tepee. Previous to this moment, however, I was compelled to 
leave the field in consequence of severe indisposition, which con- 
fined me to my bed during the 13lh, and, of course, deprived me of 
the satisfaction of participating with my brigade in the glorious 
achievements of that day. 

The regiment composing my command having acted under the 
immediate orders of the general co'r.manding the division and 
Brigadier General Cadwalader, I would respecifully refer you to 
the reports of the latter officer, and those of the commanders of the 
above named regiments, for an account of their operations of 
the 13lh. 

At 4 o'clock, on the morning of the 14th, I rejoined that portion 
of my brigade (9th regiment) then acting under the orders of 
Major General Quitman, at the garita on the Taycubaya road, the 
15th regiment having previously been directed to remain as a garri- 
son to Chapultepec. In this position, I remained until the news of 
the surrender of the city was communicated to General Quitman; 
and, having soon after received orders from head- quarters of the army 
to that effect, I withdrew my command for the purpose of garrisoning 
the towns of Mixcoac andTacubaya. The general commanding the 
division is aware that the arrangements of the morning of the 13th, 
in consequence of my illness, necessarily put my staff out of posi- 
tion, there being no brigade commander, ^nder these circumstan- 
ces, my chief of staff, Captain O. F. Wjhship, assistant adjutant 
\ general, although his own health then and for several preceding days, 
\ scarcely warranted him in leaving his bed, remained upon the field 
I during the entire conflict. My aid-de-camp, Lieutenant Ed. H. Fitz- 
gerald, volunteered to command the grenadier company of the 9th 
infantry, the able an|^ gallant captain of which was kept from the 
field by sickness. The admirable conduct of Lieutenant Fitzgerald 
was, I am informed, under the immediate eye of the general com- 
manding the division. It cannot be necessary for me to commend 
Captain Winship and Lieutenant Fitzgerald to the favorable notice 
of the general commanding the division, and through him to the 
general-in-chief. 

I cannot close this report without referring to a loss to my bri- 
gade irreparable. If it was possible to supply the place of the 
great energy and commanding qualities, which were united in the 
character of the lamented Colonel Ransom, the command could not 
have been cast more fortunately than upon the gallant Major Sey- 
mour, who, with his own hand, struck down the Mexican flag upon 
the castle of Chapultepec. This, I am aware, is not the place to 
speak of Colonel Ransom, as his merits as an officer and my own 
feelings would dictate; but I may be permitted to say that he fell, 
where, from the day that we left Vera Cruz to the hour of his 
death, he was always found, where there was danger or duty for 
his command, at the head of the 9th regiment. 

Respectfully submitted. 

- FRANK. PIERCE, 
Brigadier General^ U, S. ^, 
Captain J. Hooker, MssH Adjutant General. 



i 



199 [ 1 ] 

Head-quarters, 15th Infantry, 

C/iapultepeC) September 16, 1847. 

Sir: In pursuance of your note of this morning, calling for my 
report of the operations of the 15th regiment of infantry, in the 
late engagement, I have the honor to submit the following: 

The regiment under my command was, on the night of the 12th 
instant, quartered in the departrnenis of the mill, on the south side 
of Cnapultepec, and was formed at sunrise the next morning, and 
held in readiness for the orders of the general commanding. 

At about 8 o'clock, we received an order from him to form on the 
left of the 9th infantry, and to co-operate with that regiment in the 
attack upon this place. In pursuance of this order, we imme- 
diately formed in the position directed, and, under the immediate 
command of Major General Pillow, charged through the cypress 
grove, at the base of the hill, under a heavy fire from the enemy. 
At this point, General Pillow received a wound, which disabled him, 
and rendered it impossible for him further to lead the charge; but, 
receiving his personal order to that effect, we continued the charge 
up the hill. The miry and broken condition of the ground, at the 
base of the hill, rendered it impossible for the regiment to proceed 
exactly in the order prescribed; and, as we crossed through the 
grove to ascend the hill, the 9th and 15th became, to a great extent, 
intermixed. In order to ascend the hill, it became necessary to 
silence a breastwork on our right, occupied by a strong force of 
the enemy. This was promptly done. On arriving with the regi- 
ment at the brows of the hill, I found that the scaling ladders, 
which I knew had been provided, and which were indispensable to 
our success, had not arrived. 

I then ordered the color-bearer of the regiment to halt, intend- 
ing to wait their arrival. As soon as the storming party arrived, 
and a part of the ladders had gone forward, I ordered the regiment 
to move. At this moment, many of my command were ahead in 
the ditch, waiting for the ladders, and others had passed under the 
aorth front and gained the north terreplane of the fort. The co- 
lors of the regiment were waiving from the top of the castle in 
less than thirty minutes from the time the order was given by Gene- 
ral Pillow, at the base of the hill, for the regiment to ascend. Af- 
ter the fort was in possession of our troops, I received an order 
from General Scott in person, requiring me, with my command, to 
remain in charge of this place. I herewith enclose a list of the 
killed and wounded of the regiment. In reference to the merits of 
individuals or companies, I am happy to say that every man who 
had the good fortune to be present did his duty. The total strength 
of the regiment in the field on the occasion, was two hundred and 
forty-eight. Many officers and men were absent sick. Among the 
former, were Captains Van Deventer, Jones, King, and Toll, and 
Lieutenants Tilton, Ailey, and Goodloe. Lieutenant Cady was de- 
tached from the regiment, on duty as regimental quartermaster. 
Major Samuel Woods, second in command, rendered the most effi- 
cient services throughout the battle, and was distinguished by his 



[1 ] 



200 



coolness and bravery. Among the officers of ray regiment to whom 
special praise is due for their exertions in the engagement, I may 
mention Captain Chase, of company B, who was on this, as he has 
been on all other occasions, prompt and efficient in the discharge 
of his duties. To Captain Hoagland, commanding company I, and to 
Lieutenants Bowie, Freelon, Miller, Marshall, and Sutton, command- 
ing companies, great credit should be awarded for their prompt- 
ness and gallantry. Second Lieutenant Becket,in my opinion, de- 
serves the notice of the commanding general for his energy and 
bravery in leading forward the troops. Second Lieutenants Beach, 
Bennett, Titus, French, and Peternill, conducted themselves 
throughout the affair with the greatest coolness and gallantry, and 
performed their duty to my entire satisfaction. First Lieutenant 
T. F. Broadhead, adjutant of the regiment, though, for some days 
before the engagement confined to his bed by sickness, and upon 
the sick report of the surgeon, was with the regiment throughout 
the whole affair, and rendered most active and gallant services du- 
ring the battle. 

The greatest possible credit is due to Doctor James R. Slade, sur- 
geon of the regiment, for his active and efficient services during the 
engagement. He was with the regiment under the severest fire of 
the enemy, and insisted upon remaining with it during its greatest 
exposure. Among the cases of individual gallantry which came 
under my observation, I will mention the sergeant of the color 
guard, Jonathan W. Jones, of company I. When the regiment 
halted on the brows of the hill, he insisted on planting his colors 
and maintaining his position on the summit. He was one of the 
first men in the fort, and raised the colors of the regiment on the 
top of the castle, at the same moment that the flag of the New 
York regiment was hoisted. While raising his flag, he received a 
wound, from which he is now suffering. 1 also wish to mention 
the particular gallant conduct of Sergeant Major Thos. J. McKean, 
who, on this, as on former occasions, greatly distinguished himself 
by his coolness and daring. I respectfully recommend these two 
officers to the notice of the commander-in-chief, under the provi- 
sions of section 17th, of the " Act making provisions for an addi- 
tional number of general officers and for other purposes," approved 
March 3, 1847. I would also recommend, under the same provi- 
sion. First Sergeant Samuel Ross, of company H, and First Sergeant 
Fortunatus Lilly, of company D, both of whom are highly meri- 
torious, and well qualified for promotion. 

Very respectfully, I am your obedient servant, 

JOSHUA HOW^\RD, 
Lieutenant Colonel Commanding 15tk Regiment. 

[Copy of this sent to General Pierce agreeably to liis order.] 



201 [ 1 ] 

list of killed and wounded of the 15th infantry United States army, 
in te storming of the castle of Chapultepec, on the im Septem- 
ber, 1847. 

Killed. 

i. Private Joseph Grant, of company H. 

2. Do John Haviland, of company A. 

3. Do John Herrick, of company F. 

4. Do Henry W. Stoy, of company K. 

5. Do James D. Kensie, of company E. 

Mortally wounded. 

1. Corporal Wm. Koch, of company A. 

2. Do James McGill, of company I. 

Severely wounded. 

i. Corporal Harvey Lyon, of company H. 

2. Private Thomas McClaria, of company I. 

3. Color Sergeant Jonathan W. Jones, of company I. 

4. Private Jacob Ebeham, of company D. 

5. Do Seth Millington, of company K. 

6. Do Jonas Anglemeyur, of company B. 

7. Do George Momeny, of company C. 

8. Do Caleb B. Sly, of company C. 

9. Do Marvin Ward, of company C. 

10. Do Samuel Cuslin, on the 8th instant. 

Slightly wounded. 

1. Private Lewis Anderson, of company D. 

2. Do Christian Hammel, of company D. 

3. Do Duncomb McKinsey,*of company A. 

4. Do Frank L. Hartman, of company F, 

5. Do Henry Hess, of company F. 



Head-quarters, 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 

City of Mexico, September 18, 1847. 

Sir: In compliance with orders from division head-quarters, I 
have the honor to report the operations of my command on the 
12th, 13th, and 14lh instants, in the attack upon Chapultepec, and 
the subsequent advance upon the city of Mexico. 

Before daylight, on the morning of the 12th instant, I marched 
from Tacubaya to the west side of the fortress of Chapultepec, and 
formed my command, with the other brigade of this division, upon 
the plain, for the purpose of attacking and occupying Molmo del 
Rey, preparatory to the attack upon Chapultepec. 

At daylight, two companies of the regiment of voltigeurs, under 
^he command of Captains James D. Blair and M. J. Barnard, were 



[1] 

advanced, and extended as they approached Molino del Rey, sup- 
ported by four companies of the 14th regiment, the whole under 
the command of Lieutenaot Colonel P. O. Hebert, who occupied 
and held the position, you having previously reconnoitred the 
north side of the enemy's position, and passed down the whole 
front before Molino del Rey, to draw the fire of the enemy, and 
ascertain his strength and position as the troops advanced. Our 
siege-guns kept up a fire upon Chapultepec during the day. The 
remainder of my command, with other troops, remained upon the 
plain to hold in check large forces of the enemy, (principally cav- 
alry,) which threatened our flank and rear. 

On the morning of the 13th instant, after the fire of the siege- 
guns had ceased, by direction of Major General Pillow, the moun- 
tain howitzer battery, under the command of Lieutenant Reno, at- 
tached to the regiment of voltigeurs, opened a fire upon the enemy 
posted behind some field-w^orks, on the north side of the wood, to 
the westward and near the foot of Chapultepec, commanding the 
meadow over which our troops were to approach. 

The fire of the battery was very effective, although much exposed 
to the fire of small arms from the enemy, and from shells from the 
heavy guns from the fort, which exploded among them, doing some 
injury also to the 9th and 15ih regiments, drawn up in rear of the 
"wall, and awaiting the moment to commence the assault. 

To cover the advance of the storming party, under Captain Mac- 
kenzie, after the howitzer battery hud cleared the space in front, 
four companies of the regiment of voltigeurs, under Colonel An- 
drews, moved forward, and drove the enemy from the corn-fields, 
meadows, and woods on the west side of Chapultepec. At the 
same moment, four companies of the same regiment, under Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Johnson, advanced from Molino del Rey, under 
cover of the south wall, under a brisk fire from the lunette, cover- 
ing the breach, by which they were to pass the wall, driving the 
enemy from the parapet, following him through the gorge, and 
driving him from the woods and hill-side into the works, and car- 
rying the two outworks on their right. Here they were joined by 
Lieutenant Reno, with two of the mountain howitzers, and by the 
other wing of the same regiment. 

The 9th regiment, under Colonel Ransom, and the 15th regi- 
ment, under Lieutenant Colonel Joshua Howard, which had been 
ordered to support the movement, pressed forward. 

Major General Pillow having been wounded at the foot of the 
hill, by his direction I went forward with the attacking forces 
upon the west flank of the hill. 

I regret extremely to say that, whilst in the act of heroically 
leading his regiment up the heights of Chapultepec, Colonel Tru- 
man B. Ransom, the gallant and efficient commander of the 9th regi- 
ment was killed by a ball which penetrated his brain, the command 
of the regiment devolving upon Major Thomas H. Seymour. 

The troops experienced some delay upon the heights, for want 
of the scaling ladders, and I detached men from the advancing 
commands to bring them forward. 



203 [ 1 ] 

The 6th and 8th infantry, and the New York volunteers, at this 
time moved forward and pressed closely upon the rear of the regi- 
ment already named. 

The detachments of the voltigeur regiment, under Lieutenant 
Colonel Johnson, and two pieces of the mountain howitzer bat- 
tery, under Lieutenant Reno, had previously advanced, passing 
round to the right, to the main gate, to attack at that point, and 
prevent the escape of the garrison, where they encountered a 
warm fire from the parapet of the east terrace and the battery at 
its base, which works were soon reduced — Lieutenant Reno and 
his guns being again very efficient. I regret to add that he was 
severely wounded, at the gateway, after having rendered very im- 
portant services. 

The moment the ladders were in position, all pressed forward, 
and the fortress was taken by storm, amid the loud cheers of our 
energetic and gallant troops. 

Second Lieutenant Charles B. Brower, of the New York volun- 
teers, brought General Bravo, the commander of the enemy's 
forces, to me, who surrendered to me his sword, and I left him, 
under a suitable guard, as a prisoner of war. 

The Mexican flag which floated over the fortress, and which had 
been previously three times shot down by our artillery, was hauled 
down and handed to me by Major Thomas H. Seymour, of the 
9th regiment. I have the honor to send the flag herewith. 

A train, or hose, leading to mines intended to blow up our forces, 
in case we should succeed in the capture of the work, was disco- 
vered and destroyed. Private William A. Gray, of Captain 
Blair's company of voltiguers, first discovered and assisted to de- 
stroy it. 

Previously to the commencement of the attsck upon Chapulte- 
pec, the 14th infantry, five companies of the 11th infantry, and a 
section of Captain Magruder's battery, were placed, by order of 
Major General Pillow, under the command of Colonel Trousdale, 
at the northwest corner of the buildings adjacent to Chapultepec, 
occupied by our troops, in observation of a cavalry force of the 
enemy in our rear, and with orders to attack any retreating force, 
dislodged from Chapultepec, by the road to the north. 

Colonel Trousdale subsequently advanced from this position, 
with the 14th regiment and the section of the field battery, and 
soon encountered a heavy and destructive fire from a battery of 
two guns in a work across the road to the north of Chapultepec, 
at which time he received a seveie wound from two balls in his 
his right arm. Colonel Trousdale, however, remained with his com- 
mand, until he succeeded in carrying the batte.y and guns of the 
enemy, and then turned over the command to Lieutenant Colonel 
Hebert. I refer you to his separate report in regard to the detach- 
ment under his command. 

The division commanded by Major General Worth, after the 
capture of Chapultepec, pushed forward after the enemy in retreat 
to the city by the San Cosra6 road. A party of the 14th infantry, 
under the command of Captain Glenn, with Lieutenants Black- 



[1] 



204 



burn, Davis, and Isaacs, that had become detached from their regi- 
ment in pursuit of the enemy, joined and acted with the command 
of General Worth in its advance and capture of the battery and 
garita of San Cosme. 

Major General Quitman moved forward with his division upon 
the road to the city, by the garita de Belen, and the 9th regiment 
were ordered forward to unite with his command. 

After making some hasty arrangements in regard to securing the 
prisoners in the fortress, and placing the necessary guards to se- 
cure the captured ammunition, I received orders to march with the 
regiment of voltigeurs and the howitzer battery, (to the command 
of which Captain Edwards was assigned, after Lieutenant Reno 
was wounded,) and the 11th and the 14th infantry, upon the arrival 
of the siege train from Tacabuya, under Captain Huger, in support 
of General Worth's division, upon the San Cosrae road. 

The 15th regiment was left to garrison Chapultepec. I moved 
forward with the voltigeur and 11th regiments, and the howitzer 
battery, leaving the 14th regiment to bring on the siege train as 
soon as it arrived. 

On our arrival at the intersection of the road from Chapultepec 
with the San Cosme road, I was ordered by General Worth to oc- 
cupy a fort to the left upon that road, his division being engaged 
with the enemy's forces in front, a portion of which had moved 
round, and were threatening that flank. I ordered forward the 
regiment of voltigeurs for that purpose, and, observing an ad- 
vanced position suitable for a picket, I directed one gun from the 
howitzer battery, and Captain Biddle's company of voltigeurs, to 
move forward and occupy it. Lieutenant Isaac J. Stephens, of the 
engineers, rode forward with me to examine the work, and I regret 
to say that, under a heavy fire from a party of the enemy, he was 
wounded severely. 

The fire from Captain Biddle's company, and a few discharges 
from the how^itzer, soon drove back the enemy. 

I subsequently sent forward the regiment of voltigeurs, by di- 
rection of General Worth, and also five of the guns of the howit- 
zer battery, under Captain Edwards, which did good service from 
the tops of the houses. The 11th regiment occupied the fort on 
the left, and a small detachment of the marine corps, under Cap- 
tain Terrett, that had followed in pursuit of the enemy, occupied 
the position held by Captain Biddle, who proceeded with his regi- 
ment. 

It is proper that I should mention here that the battalion of the 
marine corps had marched upon the route taken by General Quit- 
man, after his detachment had moved forward upon the San Cosme 
road in pursuit of the retreating forces of the enemy, and, in this 
manner, became separated from the rest of their command. 

The 14th regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, which had 
arrived with the siege train, under Captain Huger, remained to 
support it. The garita of San Cosme, and the garita of de Belen, 
two principal points of entrance into the city, having been gained 



205 [ 1 ] 

by our troops, and night coming on, we remained, content with 
our position and the glorious result of the works of the day. 

On the 14th, our troops moved forward, and occupied the prin- 
cipal positions throughout the city, the enemy having been entirely 
routed. The voltigeur regiment, and the howitizer battery, remain- 
ing with the command of General Worth. 

For many particulars which I cannot introduce into this report, I 
refer to the separate reports of the commanding officers of regi- 
ments, herewith enclosed. 

Lieutenant Colonel Johnston, of the regiment of voltigeurs, was 
highly efficient in the responsible and important command assigned 
to him, receiving a slight wound on the occasion. M'.jor Caldwell, 
on duty with the other wing of the regiment, was also much dis- 
tinguished. Colonel Andrews speaks in high terms in his report 
of these officers, as well as of Captains Biddle, Blair, Bernard, 
Lieutenants Fry, Kintzing, Walker, Terrett, Tillton, Martin, and 
of Sergeants Herbert and Elliot. Lieutenant Colonel Johnston 
also notices in his report that Captains Edwards, Howard, and 
Archer, and Lieutenant Forsyth, led their companies gallantly, and 
were seconded with spirit by their lieutenants. Lamed, Cross, 
Swan, Kiger, and Cochrane, and Sergeant Togler. 

Lieutenant Reno, of the howitzer battery, already mentioned, is 
justly spoken of in high terms, and also Sergeants Peate, Depew, 
and McGuire. 

Sergeant Peate was badly wounded, and, I regret to say, has lost 
a leg in consequence of it. 

Major Thomas H. Seymour, of the 9th infantry, was himself very 
active in the discharge of his duties. He mentions, in his report, 
1st Lieutenant and Adjutant Charles J. Sprague, Lieutenant Fitz- 
gerald, Captain Pitman, Captains N. L. Webb and E. A. Kimball, 
Lieutenants George Bower, Albert Tracy, John H. Jackson, John 
S. Slocum, and Levi Woodhouse, commanding companies; also 
Lieutenants Richard C. Drum, Asa A. Stoddard, John Glackin, 
Thomas P. Pierce, Thompson H. Crosby, Sergeant Major Fairbanks, 
(the orderly of Colonel Ransom,) G. McGuiger, Sergeants White, 
Billings, E. F. Pike, Miller, Clark, Barton, and Stone. 

Lieutenant Colonel Howard, in command of the 15th regiment, 
in consequence of the absence of Colonel Morgan, who had not re- 
covered from the wound which he received at Churubusco, mentions 
the efficient services of Major Samuel Wood, Captains Chase and 
Hoagland, Lieutenants Bowie, Freelove, Miller, Marshall, and Sut- 
ton, commanding companies; 2d Lieutenants Becket, Beach, Ben- 
nett, Titus, French, and Peternell, and 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant 
T. F. Broadhead. Dr. James B. Slade, the surgeon of the regi- 
ment, is highly spoken of by the commanding officer, and was par- 
ticularly noticed for the valuable services rendered by him. 
Lieutenant Colonel Howard also recommends Sergeant Jonathan W. 
Jones, of the color guard, Sergeant Major Thomas J. McKean, 1st 
Sergeant Samuel Ross, 1st Sergeant Fortunatus Lilly, as highly 
meritorious, and well qualified for promotion. 

I desire particularly to report, for the information of the majov 



[1] 205 

general, that, after he was woundecJ, you continued with the ad- 
vanced portion of the command, rendering most important services 
throun-hout the assault upon Chapultepec, and that subsequently 
you, as well as Lieutenant Ripley, his aid-de-camp, joined me, and 
continued with me, upon the San Cosme road. 

I was on this occasion again indebted to Captain George Deas, 
assistant adjutant general to my brigade, for valuable assistance 
and services. 

I enclose a list of the killed, wounded, and missing. 
Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

GEO. CADWALADER, 
Brigadier General U. S. Mrmy^ commanding. 
To Captain J. Hooker, 

,/3. M. General) 'Sd Dimsion. 




Mineral College, 
Cili/ of Mexicoy ISeptember 17, 1847. 

Sir: In compliance with the order of General Cadwalader, of the 
16th instant, I have ihe honor to report the operations of the volti- 
geur regiment in the battles of the 13th and 11th instant. 

On the morning of the 13lh, the regiment was divided into two 
battalions and separated: one to act under my immediate orders, 
aided by the 1st major, (Caldwell,) and the other under the imme- 
diate direction of Lieutenant Colonel Johnston. Both the battalions 
were instructed to lead the party detailed for the storming of the 
castle of Chapultepec; to first clear the corn-field and meadows, 
in front, then to clear the woods between the meadows and the cas- 
tle; and, after arriving at the edge of the woods, nearest the castle, 
to clear the parapets, and hale in the best position, and let the 
storming party pass through our ranks; and, lastly, to sustain them 
in the assault. Immediately before the rush of our two battalions 
in the enemy's positions, a galling fire was opened on them (they 
beino" posted behin<l some field-works in the meadows) from our 
mountain howitzer battery, under the command (until after taking 
the castle) of tiiat gallant young officer, go often distinguished, Lif.u- 
tenant Reno. After his battery had ceased, as directed, us effective 
fire, the rush was made by the battalions; the corn-fields, meadows, 
and woods soon cleared of the enemy; the regiment took its intend- 
ed position, in front of the breastworks, cleared them, and, advanc- 
ing up the steeps of the hill, surrounded the parapet, and held that 
position until the arrival of the ladders, at which time it united 
with Captain McKenzie's command and scaled the walls; mixed in 
with the storming party, and were among the very first to carry the 
works. The voltigeurs had the honor of planting the first flag, 
which was fairly riddled by shot, on the lower battlements, inside 
of the main fortification. 

The two battalions operated, as ordered, on different parts of the 
front works. I refer to Lieutenant Colonel Johnston's report for 



207 [1] 

the operations of his battalion. It is scarcely necessary for me to 
add, that He himself acted with his wonted gallantry and ability. 
Indeed, it is only necessary to say, he was in the field with this ar- 
my; and I wish the government to know that he was highly effec- 
tive and distinguished. 

Of the right battalion, commanded by myself, assisted by Major 
Caldwell, it is my duty and happiness to make mention. Major 
Caldwell not only did his duty as a brave and patriotic officer on 
the occasion, but rendered the most important service by cheerino- 
on the men, and leading them on with the coolness and discipline 
of a veteran. We were deprived of the valuable services of our 2d 
major, (Talcott,) who was confined to his bed by a wound received 
on a previous occasion; as also of the services of Captain Churchill, 
by a congestive fever of some weeks standing. Captain Biddle was, 
I believe, the second commissioned officer who entered the works, 
and acted with his accustomed bravery. He joined us in the morn- 
ing from a sick bed, and against my wishes and orders. Captain 
Blair bore himself as a fearless officer; and Captain Bernard, after 
being twice smartly "wounded, was the fourth commissioned officer 
inside the works, and planted the flag of the regiment, which was 
handed to him by his lieutenant, (Martin.) 1st Lieutenant Fry 
commanded the company of Captain Churchill. Lieutenant Kint- 
zing was the only subaltern with Biddle's company. Lieutenants 
Walker and Terrett were attached to the company of Captain Blair, 
and Lieutenants Tilton and Martin to Captain Barnard's; all con- 
ducted themselves nobly. Accident, and his activity, gave Lieu- 
tenant Walker the oppoitunity of greater distinction than his com- 
panions, who would all have equally seized hold of the same oppor- 
tunity if presented to them. Lieutenant Martin was wounded in 
the action, and, un a former occasion, shot down several of the en- 
emy. Lieutenant Tilton, though painfully wounded early in the 
action, continued to press on, and was among the foremost inside 
the works. 

After the successful storming of the castle, and the prisoners were 
secured, the two battalions were united, and proceeded, under Gen- 
eral Cadwalader's or<lers and personal direction, on the San Cosm6 
road, m pursuit of the fl>ing enemy, to this city. The regiment had 
but slight participation in the actions in pursuit, (the road, or rather 
causeway, being a narrow one, flanked by wet meadows and lakes;) 
and the noble division of General worth being in our front. Our 
howitzer battery, under the command of Captain Edwards, (who 
was placed in charge of it on Lieutenant Reno being wounded,) 
formed an exception. It was ordered to the front to report to Gen- 
eral Worth. ^ I am happy to believe that the battery rendered im- 
portant service, constantly in the pursuit until we entered the city; 
and, I might add, ever since the guns, being lifted on the tops of 
the houses and churches, cleared the house-tops before the advanc- 
ing column. Captain Edwards deserves the highest praise for the 
skill and energy with which he directed its operations. The ord- 
nance sergeants. Peat, Depew, and McGuire, his assistants, were 
distinguished on this, as on former occasions, for high soldierly 



[1] 

conduct; and I take pleasure in recommended them to the favur 
of their generals and government. Sergeant Peate ^vas badly 
wounded in the morning, and has lost a leg in consequence of it. 

On arriving at the town of St. Cosme, the regiment was sent for- 
v/ard in the pursuit by order of General Cadwalader, and attached 
to the division of General Worth, our own noble leader (General 
Pillow) being left behind badly wounded. 

I cannot close this report without expressing my admiration of 
the steadiness, orderly conduct, and bravery of the non-commis- 
sioned officers, and other soldiers of the regiment. Many of them 
distinguished themselves by individual acts of bravery. Sergeant 
Herbert, of Blair's company, first captured General Bravo, the 
commander of the enemy's forces, but gave him up to some com- 
missioned officer. 

During the storming of the castle we had the high gratification 
of discovering the main train, or hose, of the enemy, reaching from 
the magazine of the castle, and to the foot of the mountain, and in- 
tended to blow up our forces, in case of our getting possession of 
it, and of destroying it, and thus frustrating their ignoble inten- 
tions. Private W. A. Gray, of Blair's company, first discovered 
the treacherous train, and assisted to destroy it. 

With high respect, I am, sir, your obedient servant, 

T. P. ANDREWS, 
Colonel VoltigeurSy U. S. Army, 

Captain George Deas, 

Ji. Ji. Ge7ieral U. S. Army. 



Casualties incident to the U. S. Voltigeur regiment in the storming 
of the fortress of ChapultepeCy on the I3th September, 1847, near 
the city of Mexico. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Wounded. A. Lieut. Col. Joseph E. Johnston, slightly. 

Do 2. Captain Moses J. Bernard, twice, slightly. 

Do 3. 1st Lieut. James Tilton, slightly. 

, Do 4. 1st Lieutenant Henry C. Longnecker, (adjutant,) 

slightly. 

Do 5. 2d Lieut. J. L. Reno, howitzer battery, severely. 

Do 6. 2d Lieut. W. S. Martin, slightly. 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 

Killed .,, A. Private H. Frick, company C. 

Do 2. Private E. Miller, company E. 

Do 3. Private S. Richardson, company G. 

Do 4. Private N. Sawlsbury, company H. 

Do 5. Private S. Richardson, company I. 

Wounded^A. Corporal H. E. Reed, company A, mortally. 

Do 2. Private E. G. Gooden, company A, slightly. 



209 



CI] 



Wounded.. 3. 


Do 


4. 


Do 


5. 


Do 


6. 


Do 


7. 


Do 


8. 


Do 


9. 


Do 


10. 


Do 


11. 


Do 


12. 


Do 


13. 


Do 


14. 


Do 


15. 


Do 


16. 


Do 


17. 


Do 


18. 


Do 


19. 


Do 


20. 


Do 


21. 


Do 


22. 


Do 


23. 


Do 


24. 


Do 


25. 


Do 


26. 


Do 


27. 


Do 


28. 


Do 


29. 


Do 


30. 


Do 


31. 


Do 


32. 



Do 


33. 


Do 


34. 


Do 


35. 


Do 


36. 


Do 


37. 


tilissing , 


...1. 


Do 


2. 


Do 


3. 


Do 


4. 



1st Serg. J. C. Malbon, company B, slightly. 
Corporal M. Conway, company B, severely. 
Private W. Wood, company B, severely. 
Private J. H. Malbon, company C, slightly. 
Private J. M. Floyd, company C, slightly. 
Private Z. Cox, company C, severely. 
Private A. Fair, musician, company E, severely. 
.Private J. Dwyer,' company E, severely. 
Private T. Evans, company E, severely. 
Corp. M. Finley, comp. F, severely, since dead. 
Private J. Amey, company F, severely. 
Private J. Smith, company F, severely. 
Private C. Redding, company F, severely. 
Corporal J. Muldoon, company G, slightly. 
Private W. K. Fletcher, company G, severely. 
Private M. Rain, company G, severely. 
Private G. Spencer, company G, severely. 
Private J. H. Gill, company G, slightly. 
Private C. Miller, company H, severely. 
Private T. Trumble, company H, slightly. 
Private J. Young, company H, severely. 
Private P. Henry, company H, severely. 
Corporal R. Cooper, company H, slightly. 
Sergeant T. S. Gardner, company I, slightly. 
Sergeant H. P. Long, company I, slightly. 
Corporal J. McGowan, company I, slightly. 
Private D. Haughrey, company I, severely. 
Private W. H. Fitzhue, company I, severely. 
Private J. Dietz, company I, severely. 
Private E. Brass, company I, mortally. 

Howitzer and Rocket Battery. 

Sergeant W. Peat, severely. 
Private S. McCall, severely. 
Private M. Bancroft, mortally. 
Private T. Wallace, slightly. 
Private O. Russell, slightly. 
Private James Hall, company A. 
Private J. Metcalf, company A. 
Private J. A. Maples, company C. 
Private G. Weygand, company F. 



RECAPITULATION. 

COMMISSIONED OmCERS. 



Wounded, 
14 



[1] 



210 



mON-COMMISBIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 



Killed 5 

Wounded 37 

Missing 4 



Total 52 



H. C. LONGNECKER, 

Adjutant. 
September 16, 1847. 



Mexico, Septemb e 17, 1847. 

Sir: I had the honor to be selected, by Maj. Gen. Pillow, to cover 
with the left wing of the regiment of voltigeurs, the advance of 
the storming party in the attack on Chapultepec. About 8 o'clock, 
a. m., the party was ordered to march by the flank by Molino del 
Rey, under cover of the south wall; was received with a brisk fire 
from the lunette, covering the breach by which we were to pass 
the wall; deployed in a run, each company firing as soon as de- 
ployed; drove the enemy from the parapet, before the rear com- 
pany was in line; followed him through the gorge, driving him 
from the wood and hill side, into the works; and attacked and 
quickly carried the two outworks on our right. A position was 
then taken to silence, as much as possible, the firing from the cas- 
tle, with that of our rifles — the right, covered by the two outworks, 
and the left, in front of and near the southwest angle of the castle, 
where it was joined by the other wing of the regiment. Here, we 
were joined by Lieutenant Reno, with two howitzers, and other 
parties of our troops. Lieutenant Reno and his gunners were much 
exposed, and very active and efficient. Our regiment had been or- 
dered to follow and support the assault of the storming party, but 
when the scaling ladders were planted, the voltigeurs (except those 
on the right) mounted the parapet with the storming party. The 
right, including Lieutenant Reno's pieces, when the assault com- 
menced, advanced under my direction to the main gate, to attack 
at that point and prevent the escape of the garrison. 

A warm fire from the parapets of the east terrace and the battery 
at its base, compelled us to make our first effort in that direction, 
and those works were reduced in a few minutes. Lieutenant Reno 
and his guns being again very efficient. I regret that this admira- 
ble young officer was severely wounded in this last aff'air at the 
gateway. The action being now over, the regiment was united. 

The success of this little party in performing the service assign- 
ed to it by the major general, is sufficient evidence that both offi- 
cers and soldiers did their duty bravely and well. Capts. Edwards, 
Howard, and Archer, and Lieutenant Forsyth, led their companies 
gallantly, and were seconded with spirit by their Lieutenants, 



811 [1] 

Larned, Cross, Swann, Kiger, and Cockrane. Captain Howard 
was, I believcj the first officer who crossed the parapet. Sergeant 
Taylor, of company B, was among the foremost in the assault. 
Lieutenant Reno displayed his accustomed gallantry and skill. His 
1st sergeant, Peat, after rendering valuable service, was severely 
wounded. For our loss, I refer you to the adjutant's report. 
Most respectfully, I am, sir, your obedient servant, 

J. E. JOHNSTONE, 
Lieutenant Colonel Voltigeurs. 
Col. T. P. Andrews, 

Com'g Reg. of Voltigeurs. 



Casualties incident to the voltiguer regiment^ in the combat before 
the fortress of Chapultepec, Mexico, on the 8th September j 1847. 

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Killed. . . . None. 

Wounded. A. Major G. H. Talcott, slightly. 

Do 2. 2d Lieutenant G. S. Kintzing, slightly. * 

Do 3. 2d Lieutenant R. Swann, slightly. 

Do 4. 2d Lieutenant W. J. Martin, slightly. 

Do 5. 2d Lieutenant W. Terrett, slightly. 

NON-COMMISSION^D OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 

Killed None. 

Wounded.. 1. Sergeant W. B. Vertrus, company A, severely. 

Do 2. Sergeant C. D. Weymouth, company A, severely. 

Do 3. Corporal W. L. McCorkle, company A, severely. 

Do 4. Private D. Greyber, company A, severely. 

Do 5. Private A. R. Shacklett, company A, severely. 

Do 6. Private J. Hall, company A, slightly. 

Do 7. Private J. Brown, company A, slightly. 

Do 8. Private D. Wymp, company A, slightly. 

Do 9. Private A. Wamsell, company A, severely. 

Do 10. Private J. Potter, company A, severely. 

Do 11. Private G. W. Seaton, company A, slightly. 

Do 12. Private R. Simpson, company A, severely. 

Do 13. Private J. Thompson, company A, slightly. 

Do 14. Private J. Metcalf, company A, slightly. 

Do 15. Private A. Adamson, company A, slightly. 

Do 16. Private T. Davis, company A, severely. 

Do 17. Private J. Howell, company A, severely. 

Do 18. Private I. Pugh, company A, severely. 

Do 19. Private J. Bunger, company A, severely. 

Do 20. Sergeant G. W. Jennings, company B, severely. 

D» 21. Sergeant J. C. Malbon, company B, slightly. 



[1] 



212 



Wounded.. 22. Corporal E. B. Derson, company B, slightly. 

Do 23. Private A. Fanday, company B, slightly. 

Do 24. Private P. Farish, company B, slightly. 

Do 25. Private L. Pugh, company B, slightly. 

Do 26. Private J. L. Knott, company B, slightly. 

Do 27. Private S. A. Evans, company B, slightly. 

Do 28. Private M. Conway, company B, slightly. 

Do 29. Private W. Collins, company B, slightly. 

Do 30. Private H. Olandorf, company B, slightly. 

Do 31. Sergeant R. Harding, company C, slightly. 

Do 32. Private T. Clarke, company C, slightly. 

Do 33. Private H. Sylvester, company C, slightly. 

Do 34. Private H. Wells, company C. slightly. 

Do 35. Private H. Kilgore, company C, vsiightly. 

Do 36. Private H. A. Ward, company C, slightly. 

Do 37. Sergeant W. H. Hubert, company E, slightly. 

Do 38. Corporal B. Ogle, company E, slightly. 

Do 39. Private J. Bean, company E, severely. 

Do 40. Private M. J. Good, company E, severely. 

Do 41. Private J. J. Silverhorn, company E, severely. 

Do 42. Private J. Mahony, company E, slightly. 

Do» 43. Private W. Allison, company E, slightly. 

Do 44. Private D. Devaughan, company E, slightly. 

Do 45. Private J. Rowinski, company E, severely. 

Do 46. Private J. Spencer, company E, slightly. 

Do 47. Private L. C. Parrish, company E, slightly. 

Do 48. Private J. Donly, company E, slightly. 

Do 49. Private Y. J. Nickerson, company E, slightly. 

Do 50. Private*M. Benton, company E, slightly. 

Do 51. Private G. W. Beageant, company E, severely. 

Do 52. Private John Sloan, company E, slightly. 

Do 53. Private J. L. Hisse, company E, slightly. 

Do 54. Private T. Evans, company E, slightly. 

Do 55. Private H. Kidwell, company E, slightly. 

Do 56. Private A. W. Milwright, company E, slightly. 

Do 57. Private J. McCaslin, company E, slightly. 

Do 58. Private J. Crowley, company F, severely. 

Do 59. Private E. Davis, company F, severely. 

Do 60. Private F. W. Franklin, company F, slightly. 

Do 61. Private S. Field, company F, severely. 

Do 62. Private T. Higginson, company F, severely. 

Do 63. Private A. Idler, company F, slightly. 

Do 64. Private G. Kriner, company F, slightly. 

Do 65. Private H. Keman, company F, slightly. 

Do 66. Private K. Lemon, company F, slightly. 

Do 67. Private W. S. Mendenhall, company F, slightly 

Do 68. Private J. Massey, company F, slightly. 

• Do 69. Private P. Monell, company F, slightly. 

Do 70. Private B. McCabe, company F, slightly. 

Do 71. Private J. W. Perry, company F, slightly. 

Do 72» Private J. Pickens, company F, slightly. 



2ia [1] 

Wounded ..73. Private J. Pierce, company F, slightly. 

Do 74. Private B. J. Ross, company F, slis^htly. 

Do 75. Sergeant C. R. Edv^rards, company G, slightly. 

Do 76. Sergeant R. H. Turner, company G, slightly. 

Do 77. Corporal Joseph W. Walker, company G, slightly. 

Do 78. Private W. Jackson, company G, slightly. 

Do 79. Private C. Morton, company G, slightly. 

Do 80. Private G. Spencer, company G, slightly. 

Do 81. Private J. Kolk, company G, slightly. 

Do 82. Private C. Eckhard, company G, slightly. 

Do 83. Private G. Beckenschitz, company G, severely. 

Do 84. Private F. Korse, company G, severely. 

Do 85. Private J. Hutter, company G, severely. 

Do 86. Sergeant D. S. Elliott, company H, slightly. 

Do 87. Private W, Groves, company H, slightly. 

Do 88. Private T. Sigman, company H, slightly. 

Do 89. Private J. F. Dentlinger, company H, severely. 

Do 90. Private J. A. Yates, company H, severely. 

Do 91. Private G. W. Jones, company H, severely. 

Do 92. Sergeant J. F. Gardner, company I, slightly. 

Do 93. Private W. H. Fitzhugh, company I, slightly. 

Do 94. Private H. White, company I, slightly. 

Do 95. Private W. Baldhunt, company I, slightly. 
Missing ...96. Private H, Word, company C. 

Do 97. Private S. VeadegrifF, company F. 

Do 98. Private J. L. Hass, company H. 



RECAPITULATION. 

COMMISSIONED OF^'ICEES. 

Killed None. 

Wounded 5 

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES. 

Killed None. 

Wounded 94 

Missing 3 

Total 102 



H. ,C. LONGNECKER, 

First Lieutenant and Adjutant. 



[1] 



214 



Head-quarterSj 9th Infantry, 
Convent El Carmen^ September 21, 1847. 

Sir: In compliance with orders from head-quarters, I have the 
honor to submit a report of the operations of the 9th regiment 
during the attack on Chapultepec, and the suTjsequent events ott 
the 18th instant. 

The attack on Chapultepec commenced at an early hour on the 
morning of the 12th instant, from our batteries, which opened a 
heavy fire upon the castle. The fortress not having been reduced 
by our heavy artillery, which continued its fire until evening, dis- 
position was made during the night for carrying it by storm the 
next day. 

The bombardment was resumed at an early hour on the morning 
of the 13th instant. Soon after it began, the howitzer battery 
opened a brisk fire upon the advanced works of the enemy at the 
foot of the hill. At the same time, the voltigeurs displayed along 
th^ woods on the side of Molino del Rey, pouring upon the enemy, 
who were there entrenched, a spirited and effective fire. At that 
instant, the 9th regiment was brought into action, and came to the 
support of the voltigeurs in prompt compliance with the order of 
attack, as did also the 15th regiment, composing part of the same 
brigade. The enemy were speedily driven to the heights of Cha- 
pultepec, where the mean body, strongly fortified, poured upon the 
storming party a galling fire from their cannon and small arms, 
killing and wounding a number of men. 

It is with the deepest regret I am compelled to state that, whilst 
in the act of heroically leading the regiment up the heights of 
Chapultepec, literally heading the storming party of the day. 
Colonel T. B. Ransom, the gallant commander of the 9th regiment, 
fell mortally wounded. He was struck by an escopette ball over 
the left eye, which penetrated the brain, thus closing in an instant 
his career of honorable fame. 

Called to the command of the regiment, thus suddenly and unex- 
pectedly, I experienced great relief in the discharge of the duties 
devolving upon me, in consequence of the spirited co-operation of 
the commanders of companies, and their subaltern oflicers, whose 
conduct on that occasion is deserving of special commendation. 

Some delay, occasioned by not having the scaling ladders ready 
for use the moment they were wanted, protracted the struggle on 
the heights for a short time; during which the 9th regiment nobly 
sustained its part in the action, and kept up a well directed fire 
upon the enemy. 

I deem it my duty to state, in justice to all concerned, that the 
several regiments engaged in storming the castle of Chapultepec, 
seemed to vie with each other in the patriotic valor displayed at 
the last and final assault, both officers and soldiers contending for 
the honor o>f first scaling the walls. The 6th infantry, voltigeurs, 
15th regiment of infantry, and New York volunteers, bravely sus- 
tained the honor of their flags throughout the struggle. 

The castle was carried by storm about half an hour from the 



215 [1] 

commencement of the action, amidst the loud huzzas of the gallant 
men who obtained the victory. 

Soon after the American flag floated upon the castle of Chapulte- 
pec, I was ordered to advance with the 9th regiment, and report to 
General Quitman, upon the Tacubaya road. The command, 
though much reduced in numbers, and greatly fatigued by the expo- 
sures of the day and night of the 12th, and their exertions on the 
morning of the 13th, pushed forward with alacrity and cheerful- 
ness. 

I endeavored, as far as practicable, to cover them from the ene- 
my's heavy fire of round shot and shells, which swept the road, by 
moving under the arches of the aqueduct; but, notwithstanding, 
several valuable men, who had passed unscathed over the fields of 
Contreras and Churubusco, and the storming of the castle, were 
killed and others wounded. 

During the hottest of the engagement, a detail from several of 
the 'companies was ordered to get a 24-pounder into battery, and 
man the same; in the discharge of which duty, two privates were 
severely wounded: The firing ceased at night, but not the labors 
of the men. A detail of twenty-five men from the regiment was 
furnished to assist in throwing up a breastwork, and was engaged in 
that business until near morning. The remainder of the command 
rested upon their arms, under the arches of the aqueduct, till about 
4 o'clock next morning, when Brigadier General Pierce arrived, 
(he having been detained from the field, on the 13th instant, by 
sickness) and assumed the command of the 9th, which was the only 
portion of his brigade then in the field for the active operations 
anticipated on the 14th. 

There not being sufficient cover from the works, thrown up du- 
ring the night, for General Quitman's active command at the garita, 
the 9th regiment and the remnant of the intrepid South Carolina 
regiments were ordered by General Pierce to take position behind 
a breastwork, on the road near to Captain Steptoe's battery, about 
300 yards from the garita. Here we remained until intelligence 
having been received that the forces of the enemy had retired from 
the city, and that our entrance would not be resisted, the regiment 
was ordered to fall back, for the purpose of guarding the town of 
Mixcoac and Tacubaya. 

In closing this, report, I deem it justly due to the meritorious ser- 
vices of the oflficers of the 9th regiment, on the occasion of the last 
glorious battle, to mention several, or most of thetn, by name. 

First Lieutenant Charles J. Sprague, adjutant of the regiment, 
though wounded in the early part of the engagement, continued to 
discharge his duty with great coolness and bravery to the close of 
the battle. 

I cannot refrain from calling particular attention to the bravery 
of Lieutenant Fitzgerald, aid-de-camp to Brigadier General Pierce. 
By request of Colonel Ransom, on the morning of the 13th instant, 
Lieutenant Fitzgerald volunteered to take command of the grena- 
dier company. Captain Bodfish being kept from his post by severe 
illness. 



[1] 



216 



During the storming of the castle, Lieutenant Fitzgerald distin- 
guished himself by his gaMant conduct at every point of danger, 
keeping his men together at all times, and courageously leading 
them wherever their fire was most wanted to carry the enemy's 
strong works of the fortress. In the subsequent events of the day 
he rendered efficient services to the regiment, and afforded me 
great assistance in the discharge of my duties as commander of the 
same. Captain Pitman, who had previously acted as major, of the 
regiment, but who, in consequence of a want of officers, had 
returned to the command of his comjpany, conducted himself with 
great skill and bravery during the whole of the engagement. Cap- 
tain N. S. Webb, who, on the 19th of August, the day of the at- 
tack on Contreras, was greatly reduced by severe sickness, but who 
summ(jned all his energies to take part in that battle and the en- 
gagement of Churubusco; and who, though still an invalid, showed 
himself amongst the bravest and foremost at the storming of Cha- 
pultepec. 

Captain Kimball, Lieutenants Bowers, Albert, Tracy, and Jack- 
son, commanding companies at the time, and distinguished in the 
previous battles with the enemy, also distinguished themselves on 
this occasion, by a display of the same energy and valor which had 
drawn a favorable notice from the late heroic commander of the 
regiment. 

I take great pleasure in noticing the coolness and bravery dis- 
played by Lieutenant Jno. S. Slocum, the commander of company 
I, during the hottest of the fight; also, of Lieutenant Levi Wood- 
house, commanding company B — though prevented by sickness 
from taking command of his company, in the first engagement with 
the company, he was among the most energetic and courageous in 
the battle which gave us the strong fortress of Chapultepec. 

The gallant conduct of Lieutenant Richard C. Drum — brother of 
the lamented Captain Drum, who fell whilst heroically serving his 
battery against the enemy, on the road to the city — I desire to 
notice particularly as one whose bravery, in the action of the 13th 
instant, received the applause of all who witnessed his courageous 
conduct. 

The perfect disregard of danger manifested by Lieutenant Stod- 
dard, in all the battles in which the regiment has been engaged; 
his gallant conduct on the 13th instant, everywhe.re cheering on 
the men of his command, himself taking the lead, render it an act 
of justice to a brave officer that I should thus name him, also, as 
one deserving the highest praise. 

My attention has been called by the commander of company A 
to the meritorious conduct of Lieutenant Glackin, his second in 
command on that day; though in feeble health and nearly unfitted, 
from physical exhaustion, for the hardships of the camp, once fired, 
he nevertheless took an active part in the late battle, and was 
among the first to enter the fort. I take pleasure in testifying, 
personally, to his conduct as a brave and useful officer. 

Great praise is due to Lieut. Thomas P. Pierce, second in com- 
mand of company C, for his bravery and good conduct on that oc- 



217 [ 1 ] 

casion; also, to Lieutenant Crosby, of company G, both of whom 
were actively engaged in the battles. 

The intrepidity of Lieutenant Hathaway, in the last engagement, 
as in all the others, is also deserving of special commendation. 

Sergeant Major Fairbanks rendered valuable assistance in thcf 
action, and gave ample proof of his bravery, as he has done on 
former occasions. 

I cannot omit to name the orderly of Colonel Ransom, G. Mac- 
Gregor, who fought by his side, and who, throughout the action, 
proved himself a brave soldier. 

The rank and file of the regiment exhibited the greatest steadi- 
ness and bravery in the storming of the castle. 

Sergeants White, Atchinson, Billings, E. F. Pike, (severely 
wounded by the bursting of a shell,) Miller, Clarke, Bento©, and 
Stone — all of them discharged their duty in the engagement, to the 
entire satisfaction of their several commanders. 

The names of these brave men, and other non-commissioned offi- 
cers and soldiers I propose to mention in another report, naming 
those whose merit should entitle them to promotion, and private 
soldiers to extra pay. 

Hereunto I submit a list of the killed and wounded on the 13th 
instant. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, 
Major 9th infantry^ commanding. 



List of killed and wounded of the 9th regiment of infantry j in the 
battle of ChapultepeCj September 33, 1847. 

Colonel T. B. Ransom, killed. 

1st Lieutenant Charles J. Sprague, wounded slightly. 
Company A. — 1st Sergeant William H. White, wounded slightly. 

• Do A. — Musician George H. King, wounded slightly. 

Do A. — Private Charles H. Green, wounded severely. 

Do B. — 1st Sergeant H. B. Stone, slightly. 

Do C. — Private John S. Locke, slightly. 

Do E. — Corporal John Baalman, killed. 

Do E. — Private William Mirch, wounded severely. 

Do F. — Private Isaac Ware, wounded slightly. 

Do G. — Private John Dorsett, killed. 

Do G. — Private James Mahan, wounded severely. 

Do G. — Private Patrick Conans, wounded severely. 

Do G. — Private William Welch, wounded severely. 

Do G. — Private Charles Twist, wounded slightly. 

Do H. — Private N. W. Ring, wounded severely. 

Do H. — Private Alfred Noyce, wounded slightly. 

Do H. — Private Benjamin Osgood, wounded severely. 

Do H. — Private N. G. Swett, wounded severely. 

Do I. — Private William A. Bowen, wounded slightly. 

Do K. — Private John Moody, wounded slightly. 

Do K. — Private Bridges, wounded slightly. 



[1] 



218 



List of the killed and wounded on the causeway^ while under com- 
mand of Major General Quitman. 

Company A. — Private John Webster, slightly wounded. 
Do A. — C. B. Horswellj severely wounded. 
Do F. — Private M. W. Cunningham, severely wounded. 
Do H. — Sergeant Spencer, killed. 
Do H. — Corporal George E. Barnes, killed. 
Do H. — Private Foster Edson, killed. 
Do H — Sergeant E. T. Pike, wounded severely. 
Do H. — Private R. W. Brown, wounded severely. 
Do I. — Private George Ball, killed. 
Respectfully submitted. 

THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, 
Major 9th infantry^ commanding . 
Brig. Gen. Cadwalader, 
2d Brigade^ U. S. Army. 



Head-quarters, 11th Regiment of Infantrt, 

September 16, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to the order of Brigadier General Cadwalader, 
I submit the following report of the services of five companies (D, 
E, F, H, and I) of the 10th regiment, from the morning of the 
9th instant to the present time: 

On that morning, I was ordered to divide the battalion into two 
companies, for field service, which was done — one company being 
under command of Lieutenant McCoy, and the other under com- 
mand of Lieutenant Motz. (A previous report accounts for the 
absence of two captains, and the remaining two were on the sick 
report.) The battalion thus divided, and numbering one hundred 
and fifteen, rank and file, moved to a hacienda on the left of the 
chief road leading to the city, and there joined the brigade. It 
remained at this point until the night of the 11th instant, when, 
together with the brigade, it moved to the village of Tacubaya. 
Here the brigade was halted until about four o'clock on the morn- 
ing of the 12th, when it again moved forward, and was, with the 1st 
brigade, 3d division, depl'oyed in line of battle before the castle of 
Chapultepec, though beyond the range of its guns. This position 
was occupied until about ten o'clock, when the battalion was 
ordered to approach nearer to the castle, and assist in placing in 
battery some of our artillery, which was to operate against the en- 
emy's works. 

We were occupied in this manner during the greater part of the 
day, and at night went into quarters in a large building near to the 
scene of operations. 

On the morning of the 13th instant, the battalion was attached 
to the 14th regiment, under command of Colonel Trousdale. About 
ten o'clock, the 14th regiment was ordered forward to support the 
attack on the castle; and I was ordered by Colonel Trousdale, to 



219 [ 1 1 

remain as a guard to the temporary hospital, in the building occu- 
pied by us the previous night. 

During the action, which resulted in the surrender of Chapulte- 
pec, a body of the enemy's cavalry made its appearance very close 
in our rear, but was promptly driven back, with the loss of one of 
his men, by a portion of my command, which I moved forward for 
that purpose. . 

After the taking of Chapultepec, I was ordered by General Cad- 
walader to report, in person, to the general-in-chief for orders; 
which I did, and was ordered by him to rejoin the brigade. This 
was immediately done, but we had no opportunity to engage the 
enemy. 

At night we were placed on picket duty, at a point where two 
roads, leading to the city, intersect, and where we yet remain. 

I neglected to mention that Lieutenant Motz, though remaining 
with the battalion, was compelled, from indisposition, to resign the 
active command of his company to Lieutenant Evans. 

There was, of course, no opportunity for personal distinction; but 
I would add, nevertheless, that both officers and men were at all 
times prompt and active in complying with the duties they were 
called upon to perform. The officers with the command were 
Lieutenants Motz, McCoy, Harley, Evans, McClelland, Tippin, and 
Scott, acting adjutant, and Assistant Surgeon Scott. 

I will add that, during the action of the 13th instant, twelve men, 
under command of Sergeant McEnnis, of D company, were detailed 
to assist in working the battery, under the command of Captain 
Magruder, 3d artillery, and I am gratified to learn that they acted 
in a gallant and efficient manner. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JOHN F. HUNTER, 
Major, coin'g Wth U. S. Infantry. 

To Captain George Deas, 

^. ^. General. 



City of Mexico, September 23, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that, early on the morning of the 
13th instant, I was ordered by Major General Pillow to move, with 
the 14th and 11th regiments of infantry, and a part of Captain 
Magruder's battery, upon, and to occupy the road on the west of 
Chapultepec, to advance and hold the enemy in observation, and to 
give him battle, if he advanced upon my position, or attempted to 
succor the forces within the walls of Chapultepec. 

Upon assuming my position, I discovered a large force of the 
enemy close in my rear. I placed Lieutenant Colonel Hebert m 
command of the 11th infantry, with instructions to protect ray rear, 
while I advanced, preceded by a section of said battery, to assume 
such position as would enable me to carry out the instructions of 
the major general. Seeing, as we believed, movements in the 
enemy's ranks, indicating his purpose to enter and succor the forces 



[1] 220 

in Chapultepec, I ordered the artillery to advance, and followed 
with the 14th regiment. The battery having advanced further than 
was intended, came within direct and destructive fire of the enemy's 
batteries across the road, and almost immediately under the guns 
of Chapultepec, which very much disabled my own command, be- 
sides killing most or all of the artillery horses; but I maintained 
my position, held the enemy in check, and ultimately drove him 
from the battery; then advanced, took possession of his guns, and 
turned them upon his retreating forces. 

In the action, I received two balls in the right arm, which badly 
shattered it. I remained on the field and in command, however, 
until the complete rout of the enemy. Having become faint from 
my wounds, I now turned over the command to Lieutenant Colonel 
Hebert, who advanced in pursuit of the enemy. 

The killed, woundedy and missing of the 14:th regiment of Infantry 
on that day J was as follows, viz: 

Staff. 

Major Woods, slightly wounded. 

Sergeant-major T. G. Thompson, severely wounded. 

Company A. — Captain R. G. Beale, commanding. 

Captain Beale, slightly wounded. 

Private William D. Pharis, severely wounded. 

Private Samuel Lutzenhizer, severely wounded. 

Company B. — Captain P. B. Anderson, commanding. 

Private George W. Hughes, slightly wounded. 

Company G. — Captain James M. Scantland, commanding. 

Captain James M. Scantland, severely wounded. 
Private John Pheland, killed. 
Private Calvin C. Fowler, severely wounded. 
Private Alva Chadwick, slightly wounded. 
Private John Wilkerson, slightly wounded. 

Company H. — Captain Breedlove, commanding. 

Second Lieutenant R. Steel, severely wounded. 
Private J. M. Manypenny, killed. 
Private A. D'Anjon, slightly wounded. 

Company I. — Second Lieutenant A. J. Isacks, commanding. 

Private F. W. Farbell, slightly wounded. 
Private J. McDonald, missing. 



221 [ 1 ] 

Company K. — First Lieutenant Robert Humphries, commanding. 

Sec(Jhd Lieutenant R. W. Bedford, slightly wounded. 

Second Sergeant W. M. Bledsoe, severely wounded. 

First Corporal H. Montgomery, slightly wounded. 

Private Benjamin Hall, killed. 

Private Robert Arnold, killed. 

Private H. U. Manning, killed. 

Private William F. Beatty, severely wounded. 

Private James Kennedy, severely wounded. 

Private Stewart White, severely woundeti. 

Private Bolivar Vincent, severely wounded. 

In making this report, it gives me pleasure to say, that every 
officer and private in my command, so far as came under my ob- 
servation, discharged his duty well, and evinced that indomitable 
courage so characteristic of the American soldier. It would seem 
invidious, under such circumstances, to designate, by name, any 
individual. 
Respectfully, 

WM. TROUSDALE, 
Col. of the 14th Regiment Infantry. 
To Captain Hooker, 

Assistant Adjutant. General. 



G^RiTA DE San Cosme, 
City of Mexico, September 17, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to report that, early on the morning of 
the 12th instant, I was ordered by Major General Pillow to occupy 
and hold the "Molino del Rey," with four companies of the 14th 
regiment and two of the voltigeur regiment. This order was imme- 
diately complied with, and the force distributed for the defenct of 
the place — the position I held for twenty-four hours. The enemy 
kept up a continual fire of skirmishes from a wood adjoining, but 
my men being protected, I lost two men only wounded. 

On the morning of the 13th, the 14th infantry, 11th, and a sec- 
tion of Captain Magruder's battery, under the command of Colonel 
William Trousdale, took position on the right of the " Molino del 
Rey," in observation of the force in our rear, with orders to attack 
the enemy in retreat. Early after the commencement of the as- 
sault upon Chapultepec, Colonel Trousdale advanced with the 14th 
regiment and a section of field battery, ordering me to take com- 
mand of the nth, and hold his original position. His command 
soon encountered a heavy and destructive fire from a battery of two 
guns, placed across the road to the right and rear of Chapultepec, 
Having been informed that Colonel Trousdale was wounded, I 
left the lllh under Major Hunter, and proceeded to take com- 
mand of the 14th, which had joined General Worth's command in 
pursuit of the enemy. In the meantime, I received an order, 



[1] 222 

~# 

through Captain Grayson, to collect the scattered forces of the re- 
giment, and form on the road in the rear of Chapultepec. From 
this position, the regiment was ordered to support Captain Huger's 
siege battery, which it followed in its advance towards San Cosme, 
and encamped with it that night on the road, near the garita of San 
Juan. 

I will mention that part of the 14th infantry, under command 
of Captain Glenn, Lieutenant Blackburn, Lieutenants Davis and 
Isaacs, joined and acted with the storming party, under Captain 
McKenzie, which carried the battery and garita of San Cosme. 

Annexed is a li^t of the killed, wounded and missing. 

I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, 

P. O. HEBERT, 
Lieutenant Colonel, commanding 14^A infantry. 

Brigadier General Cadwalader, 

Commanding Sd division-^ U. S. Army. 



Privates killed 4 

Officers wounded 6 

Privates wounded 13 

Non-commissioned officers wounded 2 

Privates missing 5 

Total t 29 



Colonel William Trousdale, bad wound in the right arm. 
Captain J. M. Scantland, severely wounded in the head. 
Lieutenant Richard Steele, slightly. 
Lieutenant Robert W. Bedford, slightly. 
Captain Robert G. Beale, very slightly. 

Privates Benjamin Hall, Robert Arnold, and Horatio N. Man- 
ning, killed in company K. 

Private James M. Manypenny, killed in company H. 
Private A. D'Anjon, wounded in company H. 
Private W. D. Pharris, wounded in company A. 
Private S, Lutzinhizer, wounded in company A. 
Sergeant Wm. M. Bledsoe, wounded in company K. 
Corporal Hamilton Montgomery, wounded in company K. 
Private William F. Beaty, wounded in company K. 
Private James Kennady, wounded in company K. 
Private Stewart White, wounded in company K. 
Private Bolivar Vincent, wounded in company K. 
Private John Pheland, wounded in company G. 
Private Calvin C. Forola, wounded in company G. 
Private Alva Chadwick, wounded in company G. 
Private John Wilkinson, wounded in company G. 
Private John Crawford, missing in company A. 
Private William Bearing, missing in company A. 
Private John Blair, missing in company G. 
Private Donnelly, wounded in company K. 



223 [1] 



Private F. Faoball, wounded in company I. 
Private James McDonald, missing in company I. 
Private W. E. Watson, missing in company I. 



Head-quarters, 1st Brigade, 2d Division of Regulars, 

City of Mexico^ September 19, 1847. 

Sir: For the information of Major General Quitman, I have the 
honor to report the operations of this brigade, while under his com- 
mand on the 13th and Idth instants. I reported to General Quit- 
man at Tacubaya, on the morning of the 13th, and was ordered by 
him to form the reserve of his coTumn, in the attack on the east 
side of Chapultepec. My brigade consisted of the regiment of 
mounted riflemen, 1st artillery, and 3d infantry. Two companies 
of riflemen, and two of the 3d infantry, were absent on detached 
service. The main body of General Quitman's command was ad- 
vanced by the road leading from the east end of Tacubaya, towards 
the foot of the hill at Chapultepec. In pursuance of the general's 
directions, I formed my brigade in his rear, and prolonging my 
right beyond his, to cover his right and rear from the enemy sta- 
tioned near the aqueduct leading from Chapultepec to the city; and 
I detached two companies of riflemen under Captain Simonson, and 
afterwards a third, under Lieutenant Morris, still further to my 
right and rear, the better to secure the whole. The enemy's prin- 
cipal batteries on this side, were discovered to be at the feot of 
the hill, near where the aqueduct leaves it. So, that prolonging 
my line in that direction, brought the regiment of mounted rifle- 
men on my right, immediately in rear of the storming party under 
Captain Paul, 7th infantry; and, when the attack was ordered, they 
(riflemen) entered the battery along with the storming party, and 
carried the second battery in rear of the first, where several guns 
and many prisoners were taken. General Quitman, at the h^d of 
the column, immediately directed the riflemen on the road towards 
the city, by the garita of Belen. After filling up the ditches in 
front of the first battery, sufficiently to pass one of the heavy 
pieces, I followed with the rest of the brigade, and the piece under 
Captain Drum, 4th artillery. The advance — regiment mounted 
riflemen — under the immediate direction of General Quitman, sup- 
ported by the fire of Captain Drum's piece, an 8-inch howitzer, 
followed by the rest of the brigade, carried a battery near the Casa 
Colorado, half way to the garita; and here the general halted the 
column to reorganize it, for an attack on the battery at the garita. 
The regiment of mounted riflemen, supported by the South Carolina 
volunteers, in advance, the rest of General Quitman's division fol- 
lowing, and the remainder of my brigade, together with part of the 
6th infantry, under Major Bonneville, who had fallen into this 
road, in reserve. Lieutenant Benjamin now came up with another 
piece, (16-pounder,) and, after a few rounds from the artillery, the 
advance of riflemen, led by General Quitman in person, charged 



[1] 



324 



the battery at the garita and carried it, entering the city of Mexico 
at that point, exactly at twenty minutes past 1 o'clock, p. m. The 
reserve having pushed forward, arrived at the battery at the same 
moment. A 6-pounder captured here was opened on the enemy, 
and the ground in front of the garita cleared. They soon, however, 
opened a heavy battery from the citadel, 300 yards to our left and 
front, and a cross-fire from the houses on our right and front. The 
troops in advance of the garita were recalled, and my brigade was 
then directed to occupy the buildings of the garita on our left of 
the road and wi.hin the city, and preparation made to establish bat- 
teries in front of our heavy guns. This was done during the night 
by Lieutenant Beauregard, and at daylight three heavy guns, in 
position, were ready to open their fire, when we learned the city 
was abandoned by the enemy's troops. After taking possession of 
the citadel, and leaving a garrison in it, we advanced to the grand 
plaza, my brigade leading; and, having formed there, saluted the 
national colors, planted by a non-commissioned officer of the regi- 
ment of mounted riflemen on the national palace, at seven o'clock, 
a. m. 

The regiment of mounted riflemen was acting immediately under 
the eye of the major general, and he, better than any other, can 
testify to its uniform and noble conduct. Its major, Loring, fell 
wounded, while gallantly leading it, just before arriving at the 
garita. Captain Simonson, who succeeded to the command, (Cap- 
tains Sanderson and Crittenden having been detached with their 
companies on distant service,) during the attack on the garita, 
distinguished himself for his zeal and energy. Captains Backen- 
stoss. Tucker, and Porter, Lieutenants Morris, McLane, Russell, 
Hatch, Granger, and Gibbs, have deserved particular mention for 
their gallantry. Brevet 2d Lieutenant James Stuart, one of the 
storming party, was the first to mount every battery from Chapul- 
tepec to the city. 

Major Dimmick, commanding the 4th artillery, Captains Nauman, 
Wiftder, and Hathaway, and Lieutenants Haskins, Brannan and 
Coppee, set the most noble example of coolness and courge. Lieu- 
tenant Haskins and Brannan were wounded. 

Captain Alexander, commanding 3d infantry. Captain Van Horn 
and Lieutenant Shepherd displayed the greatest courage and ac- 
tivity. 

Captain Roberts, regiment mounted riflemen, Captain Dobbins, 
3d infantry. Lieutenant Haskins, 1st artillery. Lieutenants Richard- 
son and Bee, 3d infantry, and Lieutenants James Stuart, regiment 
mounted riflemen, were the officers detailed from this brigade for 
the storming party, and they all justified the choice by the most 
daring courage. 

I cannot withhold my commendation from the whole brigade. 
Those who witnessed its whole conduct will not accuse me of par- 
tiality in saying its gallantry and discipline could not be surpassed; 
and I conclude by again recording the gallant bearing of my aid- 
de-camp. Lieutenant Earl Van Dorn, who was every where engaged 



225 [ 1 ] 

in his duty, under the hottest fire, even after receiving a severe con- 
tusion on the foot from a musket ball. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

PERSIFOR F. SMITH, 
Brevet Brig. Gen.j corri'dg \st Brigade, 

2d Division of Regulars. 

To Lieut. Mansfield Lovell, 

Aid-de-camp to Major Gen. Quitman. 



•"Mexico, September 25, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the op- 
erations of my brigade in th^ attack on Chapultepec , and the aclvance 
against the city of Mexico: We arrived at Tacubaya on the 11th 
instant, under cover of the night. About daylight next morning, 
Hiy brigade was posted, by the order of the general of division, in a 
position to support a heavy battery, being known as battery No. 1, 
under the command of Captain Drum, 4th artillery. This battery was 
erected on the Tacubaya road, in front of the castle of Chapulte- 
pec. My command continued in the performance of this duty, 
which was both arduous and laborious, during the whole of the en- 
suing day and night. While here, we furnished large details to aid 
in the erection of battery No. 2, under the direction of Captain 
Huger, and also to support the battery when erected. 

D.uring all this time, the most of my command was exposed to a 
most annoying fire from the castle and heights of Chapultepec, 
which they bore with the most perfect coolness and composure. I 
may as well mention here, that, during the day of the 12th, the gen- 
eral commanding the division pushed a bold and vigorous recon- 
noissance, in person, to the right, towards the church and enclosures, 
as well as the greataqueduct leading to Mexico; and this reconnois- 
sance disclosed the existance of one or two strong batteries in that 
vicinity, and a strong infantry force, which lined the walls and en- 
closures. 

About 8 o'clock, on the morning of the 13th, pursuant to the or- 
der of the general of divison, preparations began to be made for 
a general assault on the castle and environs. The storming par- 
ties, consisting of an efficient force from Twigg's brigade, under 
command of Captain Casey, 2d infantry, and a selected force of ]20 
men from the w^hole division, under command of Major Twiggs, 
marine corps, as well as 40 pioneers, under the command of Captain 
Reynolds, marine corps, were moved forward along ihe road to the 
right, with the intention of crossing the fields and carrying the de- 
fences surrounding the castle. The marines, under tteutenant 
Colonel Watson, were also ordered forward to support those par- 
ties. This force had not yet reached the point to where it was 
to cross the fields to the left, when a terrible fire of grape and mus- 
15 



II] 



226 



Icetry opened upon them from the stone wall, and base of the hill 
in front, and the woods, walls and enclosures, to the right. It be- 
came evident, in an instant, that the main force of the enemy, hav- 
ingbeen driven from the hill and castle by our artillery, had thrown, 
itself in our fiont, and on our right, under cover of woods, stone 
walls, buildings and enclosures. This induced the general, who saw 
the whole with a glance, to direct a new movement across the fields 
to the left. I received orders, therefore, to ti4rn the Palmettos and 
J^ew Yorkers in that direction. The Pennsylvania regiment re- 
ceived orders from him to make a similar movement. The Palmet- 
tos, New Yorkers, and Pennsylvanians arrived at the point of de- 
tour, and received orders to cross the fields in succession; and, 
though the route was intercepted by deep ditches, filled v\'ith watery 
and the whole movement was performed ifnder a severe fire of mus- 
ketry in front, from the hill, and behind the stone walls, and a tre- 
mendous fire of grape and musketry from the woods and enclo- 
sures on the right, yet these gallant regiments advanced with un- 
shaken firmness and intrepidity. The Palmettos gained the wall 
without firing a shot, broke through it, and ascended the hill in a 
hody, to the support of the storming parties from the other division. 
Several of the New York companies ascended the hill with such 
rapidity that they united with the storming parties of the other di- 
visions; and the New York flag, and company B, of that regiment, 
under the command of a gallant young officer, Lieutenant Reid, 
were among the first to mount the ramparts of the castle, and there 
display the stars and stripes to the admiration of the army. Lieu- 
tenant Brower, commanding company F, same regiment, had the 
good fortune to capture General Bravo, 'the Mexican commander of 
Chapultepec. The other officers and soldiers, of the whole com- 
mand, behaved with equal gallantry and good conduct. Lieutenant 
Colonel Baxter, commanding the Nev/ Yorkers, fell mortally woun- 
ded in this gallant charge. He was- an officer of the most deter- 
mined courage and intrepidity, and behaved with great gallantry, 
hoth at Contreras and Churubusco, and his loss has been severely 
felt, both by his regiment and the army. Major Burnham, upon 
whom the command next devolved, led it during the rest of the 
day, with great gallantry and good conduct. 

In the meantime, the battle raged with increased fury on our 
right. The main body of the enemy seemed bent on maintaining 
that position, and thus keeping open the communication with the 
city. This imposed upon the small force in that direction, the ne- 
cessity of maintaining an unequal contest against tremendous odds 
in numbers, and a most formidable position. The place, however, 
was finally carried with considerable loss. Here Major Twiggs 
fell at the head of his command; he was a brave and veteran of- 
fier, and his loss has been most severely felt by the whole com- 
mand. The marines, under their gallant commander. Lieutenant 
Colonel Watson, exhibited the courage and discipline for which 
that corps is so justly celebrated. 

A portion of the command being now supplied with ammunitionj. 



221 [ 1 ] 

the whole advanced along the Tacubaya road, from arch to arch of 
the acqueduct, towards the garita of Belen. The whole of this 
movement was conducted under the immediate eye and direction of 
the general commanding the division. The rifles an'd Palmettos led 
the advance. The enemy made another determined stand at a posi- 
tion on the road, above a mile from Chapultepec, behind a strong 
breastwork across the road, flanked upon his right by a field redan, 
and protected upon the left by an impassable marsh. 

This position, however, was soon rapidly carried by the rifles and 
Palme*ttos, aided by a well directed fire from Drum's battery. The 
advance was now pushed forward to the garita. Here the enemy 
made a most determined stand; and as the ground to the right and' 
left was marshy and impracticable, the movement forward, from 
arch to arch, became slow and hazardous, and had to be made un- 
der a terrible fire of round shot, grape, canister, and musketry. 
The loss here was necessarily severe, but richly compensated for by 
the capture of the garita — the entrance to the city. The garita 
was captured between one and two o'clock, and from thence, till 
dark, that position was maintained under the most terrible fire on 
the part of the euemy. 

Beyond this garita, about three o'clock in the afternoon, Major 
Gladden, commanding the Palmettos — a brave, active, and gallant 
officer — received a severe wound, and was carried off" the field. 

About dark, I w^as compelled to withdraw from the ground, in 
consequence of a wound received in my left arm, in the early part 
of the day, during the assault on Chapultepec. My whole body 
became paralyzed from the influence of the artu, and I was carried 
by the officers of my staff" tor the nearest house to obtain medical 
assistance. 

Captain F. N. Page, my assistant adjutant general, an officer of 
great gallantry and intrepidity, received a slight wound from a 
grape shot in the side, while standing near me awaiting my orders. 
My aid-de-camp. Lieutenant Hammond, 3d artillery, whose services 
and gallantry have distinguished him in every field, escaped him- 
self, but had his horse killed while advancing along the arches. 
My own horse was also shot near the same place. I have only to 
add, without specifying names and particulars, that ray whole com- 
mand behaved with the most distinguished intrepidity during the 
day, and have merited, I nope, the approbation of the general com- 
manding the division. 

Accompanying, I submit the reports of the regimental comman- 
ders, and a list of the killed and wounded of the brigade. 

Though not belonging properly to the subject matter of my re- 
port, I cannot forbear mentioning the handsome and gallant con- 
duct of the officers and men who served the heavy pieces with our 
column from Tacubaya to the city. 

Captain Drum, and Lieutenants Benjamin and Porter, were every- 
Avhere conspicuous in their most gallant and efficient services — the 
two former fell mortally wounded, near the gate of the city, and 
after our triumph was complete. 

As a general officer of the army, I most earnestly recommend the 



[1] 



228 



family of Captain Drum to the kindness and care of our govern- 
ment at home. 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JAS. SHIELDS. 
Brig. Gen., Com'g 1st Brigade, Volunteer Division. 

Lieutenant Mansfield Lovell, 

Acting Assistant Adjutant General. 



Mexico, September 18, 1847. 

Sir: I have the honor to present, herewith, a copy of my report 
to General Quitman, of the operations of the section of your bat- 
tery under my command, whilst detached on the morning of the 
13th instant, which is respectfully submitted for your information. 
Your obedient servant, 

HENRY J. HUNT. 
Brevet Lieut. Col. J. Duncan, 

Commanding Light Battery A, 2d Artillery. 



Mexico, September 15, 1847. 

Sir: In obedience to the instructions of Major General Quitman, 
I have the honor to state that, on the morning of the 13th instant, 
by direction of Major General Worth, I reported to General Quit- 
man, with the section of Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's light battery, 
2d artillery, under my command, consisting of one howitzer and 
one six-pounder, with their caissons. 

Soon after the storming party of your division had beeji sent 
forward, I received orders to advance, which I did, with the pieces, 
leaving the caissons under cover of the houses in rear of Captain 
Drum's sand-bag parapet. I soon found myself under a very severe 
fire, and seeing it was impossible to take up a more advanced posi- 
tion on the road, (to which I was confined by deep ditches on either 
side,) from which I could produce an effect on the enemy, without 
great risk of galling our own troops, who were in the advance, I 
halted the section, and reported to General Quitman, who desig- 
nated a place about one hundred yards in rear of the position of 
the action, in a field, to which access could be obtained by a small 
bridge crossing the ditch, and from which place it was considered 
practicable to open a fire on the enemy's works at the foot of the 
hill of Chapultepec. 

Before the section could be brought to this position, our own 
men had advanced so far that it was again considered advisable not 
to open our fire. General Quitman then gave me instructions to 
take up such a position as I should think most effective, and the 
pieces were accordingly placed on the road about 250 yards in ad- 
vance of the sand-bag parapet already referred to. 

This position brought all the enemy's works on the front of 



229 [ 1 ] 

Chapultepec within easy range; and also enfiladed the face of the 
main parapet, to be assailed by the storming party under Captain 
Mackenzie, 2d artillery, on the enemy's right flank. 

The fire of the section was then opened, the howitzer throwing 
shell and the six-pounder sharpnel shot, which were exploded over 
the parapets on the lower part of the hill, from which the enemy's- 
fire seemed hottest. As our troops advanced, and took possession 
of the lower breast-works, the pieces were elevated so as to reach 
in succession his different defences. 

As soon as the assaulting column rose the hill on the enemy's 
extreme right, a heavy fire was poured in upon it from the parapet 
which the section enfiladed. The pieces were immediately turned 
upon the parapet, and a rapid fire continued until our troops were 
on the point of entering the works, when our shots were gradually 
thrown more to our right along the enemy's works, until the hill 
was completely in possession of our troops. 

After the hill had been carried, and the firing ceased, the section 
was advanced until stopped by the ditch, in front of the field-work 
at the foot of the hill. Whilst delayed at this point, until the 
ditch could be filled up, your division advanced. After passing the 
ditch, I was directed on the wrong road, and came up with the 
other section of the battery, under command of Brevet Lieutenant 
Colonel Duncan, to whom I reported for service, as it would have 
been necessary for me to return to Chapultepec, and make a wide 
detour in order to join you. 

I cannot close the report of these operations with your division, 
without calling the attention of the general commanding it, to the 
services of Lieutenant H. F. Clarke, 2d artillery, who accompanied 
the section. He was much exposed in the performance of his dif- 
ferent duties; and, after the section had taken up its position, he 
personally took charge of the six-pounder, and served it with ex- 
cellent judgment and great effect. 

The non-commissioned officers and men of the section maintained 
the reputation they had already won in many hard contested fields. 
Sergeants McKenzie and Piatt, in charge of pieces, were particularly 
active. 

The caissons having been left behind under cover, and the drivers 
of the pieces and cannoneers only exposed, the casualties of the 
section, whilst with your division, were few; two men, privates 
Bateman and Smith, wounded, and one horse disabled. 
Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

HENRY J. HUNT, 
First Lieutenant^ 2d Artillery. 

Captain F. N. Page, 

Ji. A. G.J Vol. Division. 



[1] 



330 



National Palace, Mexico, September 16, 1847. 

Sill : In compliance to instructions from General Quitman, I 
have the honor to report the proceedings of the battery under the 
late Captain S. H. Drum, while under the general's command, on 
the 12th and 13th instants. During the night of the 11th, Captain 
Drum, with two 16-pounder guns and one 8-inch howitzer, moved 
on the main road to Chapultepec, to a point previously selected by 
Captain Huger and Captain Drum, and about 800 yards from the 
enemy's batteries. At 7 o'clock, on the 12th, the guns were placed 
in position, so as to rake the road, sweep the ground to the right 
and left, and have a direct fire upon the enemy's batteries and cas- 
tle. Our fire was then opened and maintained throughout the day; 
but, notwithstanding it was warmly returned, no injury was done to 
us. An occasional canister was fired down the road to drive back 
some of the enemy, who several times advanced and fired upon our 
men. The company was relieved that evening, by one of the 3d 
artillery, under Lieutenant Andrews; but returned the next morn- 
ing, and resumed the fire upon the batteries and the troops stationed 
at the base of the hill. The howitzer was disabled by its own 
fire after two rounds, and a wheel of a l()-pounder broken by one 
of the enemy's shot, which killedone man and wounded a corporal. 
The wheel was soon replaced; and, as our men wound under our 
guns to the attack, a rapid fire was kept up to direct the atten- 
tion of the enemy from our troops, and draw the enemy's fire. 
One gun was run up to the road by Captain Drum, but for the want 
of round shot, was not used. Lieutenant Benjamin pushed rapidly 
forward witli a 9- pounder, and poured several rounds of canister 
into the enemy's ranks, while rushing up the hill to man the 
castle, and drove a large force from the battery on the road. An 
8-inch howitzer, for which 1 had sent, now came up, and was 
immediately opened upon the castle, now filled with the enemy. 
But three shells were thrown into the castle, when, fearing injury 
might be done our own troops, who were pushing gallantly up the 
hill and driving all before them, I limbered up and proceeded to 
join Captain Drum. I followed the advance of the division and 
took the right hand road of the causeway leading to the Tacubaya 
gate, and advanced to within about 100 yards of a battery across 
the road, when the enemy, with one piece, made a stand. Captain 
Drum and Lieutenant Benjamin had left their guns at the first 
breastwork carried, and had run a 4-pounder gun, first employed 
against us, down the causeway, and were pouring captured shot 
into the flyi'ng enemy. I being temporarily disabled here, Captain 
Drum took my piece, and used it against the battery and troops in 
rear of it, till (;arricd by our advance. I then joined Captain 
Drum, and with the assistance of the infantry, moved the piece in 
advance, and again opened with canister upon a large force sta- 
tioned at the entrance of the Piedad road. These were annoying 
our troops as they advanced towards the garita along the aqueduct, 
the arches of which afforded a partial cover; a few rounds of can- 
nister soon dispersed them, and allowed our whole fire to be di- 



231 [ 1 ] 

reeled against the garita. As our infantry gallantly pushed on. 
against showers of round shot, grape, and shell, the howitzer and a 
16-pounder Lieutenant Benjamin had caused to be brought up, 
were pouring a constant fire into the garita, and the works in rear 
of it. Though twice supplied, our ammunition was expended, and 
I was sent to hasten on more, while the captain proceeded with a 
9-pounder, used the first part of the action, towards the garita. 
Lieutenant Benjamin, facing a most galling fire from the garita and 
a work in advance on our left, succeeded in reaching the gate. On 
my return, a round shot broke the axletree of the ammunition 
wagon; and, as I advanced to report mv inability to bring it nearer, 
I met the men of the company bearing the wounded bodies of Cap- 
tain Drum, Lieutenant Benjamin, and Sergeant Brady, from the 
guns. The 9-pounder had been run inside the garita, and despite 
the murdering fire of the enemy, was being served rapidly and 
effectively against the enemy, when the captain was shot. Lieu- 
tenant Benjamin had just removed hi^ body, when he and his first 
sergeant were mortally wounded by the same round shot. Regard- 
lets of danger, without any shelter from the incessant fire of artil- 
lery and musketry, they had moved on as if striving alone to finish 
the work so nobly commenced in the morning. The whole fire of 
the enemy's artillery was concentrated upon the point where our 
guns were, and rendered it impossible to use them. During the 
whole day, the company was exposed to incessant fire, without any 
shelter, and though the destruction was great, the men nobly stood 
at their posts. The commanding officer of the division was with 
the battery during the whole day, and I therefore take pleasure in 
recalling to his recollection the gallant conduct of Sergeant Cross, 
until severely wounded, the only other non-commissioned officer, 
and the men. The loss in killed was one captain, one first lieuten- 
ant, one sergeant, and three privates; wounded, one sergeant, one 
corporal, and nineteen privates; missing, one. I enclose a list of 
the killed, wounded, and missing. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

F. J. PORTER, 
First Lieut. 4:th artillery^ commanding company G. 

To Lieut. R. P. Hammond, 

A. A. A. General^ Mexico. 



Head-quarters, 2d Regiment Artillery, 

Mexico^ September 18, 1847. 

Sir: In pursuance of instructions, I have the honor to report to 
division head-quarters the incidents of the storming party in the 
assault of fort Chapultepec, and in subsequent operations of the 
13th instant. 

The storming party was composed of detachments from the light 
battalion, 3d artillery, and 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th regiments of in- 
fantry, numbering 260 non-commissioned officers and privates, un- 



[1] 



232 



der the following officers, viz: Lieutenants Johnston, 3d artillery,, 
and Simpson, 2d artillery, light battalion; Lieutenants Rodgers and 
McConnell, 4th infantry; Captain Ruggles and Lieutenant Smith, 
5th infantry; Lieutenants Armistead and Morrow, 6th infantry; and 
Lieutenant Selden, Sth infantry. To this was attached two non- 
commissioned officers and 20 privates, of the battalion of the 2d 
artillery, to carry axes, crowbars, &c., supplied by the engineers. 
With this force, I reported to Major General Pillow, and the fore- 
going, with a ladder party, furnished from his division, constituted 
my command. I arranged the number of bayonets into four com- 
panies, under Lieuts. Selden, Armistead, Johnston, and Rodgersj 
assigning Captain Ruggles to the duties of field officer, and Lieu- 
tenant Smith to those of adjutant. 

The plan of General Pillow was, with light troops, to clear the 
ground of the enemy, before the storming party, to the foot of the 
hill, when the latter taking the lead, should force its way up the 
hill and carry the work. 

The hill was reported to me to be a continuous slope, affording 
no cover from the enemy's fire; and this determined me to place 
my reliance upon a steady and rapid advance, using the bayonet 
only. I, accordingly, off percussion caps and threw out priming. 
My battalion formed in line of battle at the foot of the hill, with, 
ladders, &c., close in the rear, and moved up in as good order as the 
ground (now found to be rocky and broken) would permit. The 
light troops, which had preceded us, did not relinquish the field to 
us at this point as was intended. They had fought their way gal- 
lantly to the foot of the hill, and now, under the cover which the 
irregularities of the slope afforded, rushed about half way up to- 
wards the fort; and my party encountered there numbers thickly 
strewn upon the ground, issuing forth a continuous fire. It was 
•difficult to get through this mass, and my party, unwilling to pass 
before their fire, showed a disposition to take cover with them^ 
The officers, however, by great exertions got many forward, carry- 
ing with them also some of the light troops. The ditch was thus 
reached, (Lieutenant Armistead being the first to leap into it,) 
through the fire of artillery, musketry, and the hand grenades of 
the enemy; the ladders were applied, and one of the salients of the 
work carried. The enemy, overcome and flying from this point,, 
offered afterwards no resistance worthy of being mentioned. 

A mine of the enemy, which he failed to ignite, was passed over 
in the ascent near the ditch. 

The officers, all of them, distinguished themselves by their efforts 
and exposures under fire. First Lieutenant Alexander P. Rodgers 
fell mortally wounded about twelve yards from the ditch; still ex- 
erting himself, though already wounded, he had stepped upon a 
little eminence, and, faced about, was shouting for the men where 
he fell. My acting assistant second lieutenant, Joseph P. Smith, 
was somewhat nearer when he received a fatal shot; he had gone 
back a pace or two to get a ladder when he was struck. Lieutenant. 
Selden was the first to attempt the scaling, and was shot down 
severely wounded. 



233 [ 1 ] 

The loss of the storming party here, was my two 2d lieutenants, 
two sergeants, and two privates, killed; one 1st lieutenant, two 
sergeants, two corporals, and nineteen privates, wounded. The 
Mexicans, because of nervousness, perhaps, scarce ever fired worse; 
yet the army has to mourn the loss of two excellent and most gal- 
lant officers. 

The conduct of the following non-commissioned officers and 
privates has been highly commended by their commanders, viz: 
Sergeants Scarr, company I, 2d artillery, and Collord, of the 8th 
regiment of infantry, both of the light battalion, killed in the 
assault; also. Sergeant Hogan, of company D, and privates Sharp, 
of company C, and Mayland, of company E, 6th infantry. 

On leaving Chapultepec, to go forward, my number was found 
reduced to 47^ files, chiefly by the men joining their regimental 
colors, as they marched out. We overtook Colonel Garland's 
brigade, at the time under fire, on the route to the city, and moved 
with it until our progress was arrested by a battery at the garita. 
I made application, and leave was granted me, to make an attempt 
upon the flank of this battery. Captain Glenn, Lieutenants Isacks 
and Davis, with a detachment of about 50 men, of the 14th regi- 
ment, joined me at my suggestion. A wide ditch opposed us at the 
start, but with pickaxe, &c., we avoided it. We made frequent use 
of these tools, and had, on one occasion, to construct a.bridge. We 
encountered the fire of the enemy's musketry and artillery, and cut 
through a wall under his musketry. We were at length brought to 
a stop, and beyond which it would have been hazardous to have 
ventured; but we had attained a good position — the enemy's flank 
exposed not over 60 yards to our left, and the width of the street 
only advanced. I had crossed the street, under fire, with a small 
party, taking scantling with me to make a bridge further on; but 
abandoning this, I ordered a fire to commence from the opposite 
side, and ordering over another party with a pickaxe, pierced a 
wall for musketry, and thus gained a covered and closer fire. These 
were chiefly the points at which I could engage the enemy, and the 
firing was long. At length, running across the street, I called for- 
ward the command from its cover and made a charge, which their 
infantry did not attempt to withstand, and their artillery could not 
be brought to bear upon us until we should be presented close be- 
fore them. The enemy fled, carrying off one piece, (light,) but we 
gained a 16-pounder, complete, with its ammunition, and a mule- 
team, and the position of the garita. It was now getting dark, and 
after continuing on about 250 yards further, my command went into 
comfortable quarters, bringing up the cannon, with its ammunition, 
to sustain our position. The general of division, with his staff, did 
us the honor afterwards to take up quarters with us. In the morn- 
ing, the storming party was broken up. 

I am sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, 

S. MACKENZIE, 
Captain 2d Artillery ^ commanding. 

Captain W. W. Mackall, 

A. A. Ge7i.j U. S. Army J 1st division^ head-quarters.. 



[1] 



234 



INDEX TO DESPATCHES. 



Page. 

Colonel Harney, respecting the affair at Modellin 2 

Brevet Colonel Mcintosh — report of march to Puebla, enclosing 4 

Field report of detachment 9 

Return of casualties 10 

Orders No. 1 , 10 

Orders No. 2 11 

Letter from Captain Hetzel, assistant quartermaster 11 

Letter to Captain Hetzel, assistant quartermaster 12 

Report of Lieutenant Colonel Moore, 3d dragoons 12 

Letter to General Cadwalader, June 6, 1847 13 

Report of Captain Montgomery, assistant quartermaster, June 8, 1847 14 

Report of Captain Montgomery, assistant quartermaster, June 8, 1847 14 

Report of Captain Montgomery, assistant quartermaster, June 11, 1847 15 

Report of inspection of horses, June 3, 1847 15 

Order to Mr. Humphreys, agent, quartermaster's department, June 9, 1847... 16 

Order to Captain Reynolds, 3d dragoons, June 9, 1847 16 

Letter to General Cad^^-alader, June 8, 1847 : 16 

Brigadier General Cadwalader, commanding 1st brigade — report of march to Puebla, 

enclosing ' 18 

Colonel Childs, commanding 2d brigade — report of march to Puebla 20 

Report of Colonel Wynkoop — aflair^at La Hoya, enclosing 21 

Captain S." H. Walker— affair at La Hoya. ... 7 23 

Brigadier General Pierce — march to Perote 25 

Brigadier General Smith — expedition to San Juan de los Slanos 25 

/Captain Hoffman — expedition to Mil Flores 26 

Brigadier General Twiggs — affair at Oka Laka 28 

SEIGE OF PtJEBLA. 

Report of Lieutenant Colonel Black, commanding San Jose 28 ' 

List of killed and wounded in the defence of San Jose 31 

List of killed and wounded during the seige of Puebla 32 

Report of Major Gwynne, commanding Fort Loretto.^ 33 

Captain Morehead, commanding Guadalope 34 

CONTRERAS, SAN ANTONIO, CHURUBUSCO. 

CAVALRY BRIGADE. 

Report of P. Kearney, captain 1st dragoons 35 

E. V. Sumner, major 2d dragoons 37 

T. P. Moore, lieutenant colonel 3d dragoons 38 

J. McKinstry, captain volunteer company 39 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Report of J. L. Mason, captain engineers 41 

James Duncan, brevet colonel, commanding light battery 42 

C. F. Smith, brevet lieutenant colonel, commanding light infantry battahon 44 

John Garland, brevet colonel, commanding 1st brigade 46 

P. H. Gait, major 2d artillery 48 

F. S. Belton, lieutenant colonel, commanding 3d artilleiy 49 

Francis Lee, major, commanding 4th infantry 5J 

N. S. Clarke, colonel, commanding 2d brigade 52 

J. S. Mcintosh, brevet colonel, commanding 2d brigade 56 

J. S. Mcintosh, brevet colonel, commanding 5th infantry 57 



235 



[1] 



Keport of Martin Scott, brevet lieutenant colonel, commanding 5th infantry. 
Daniel Ruggles, captain 5tb infantry 

B. L. E. Bonneville, major 6th infantry 

W. Hoflman, captain 6th infaiatry 

C. A. WaitC; major, commanding 8th infantry 



Page. 

59 
59 
62 
63 
64 



SECOND DIVISION. 

Report of G. W. Smith, lieutenant, commanding engineer corps 66 

G. W. Smith, lieutenant, commanding engineer corps 69 

Francis Taylor, captain, commanding light battery 72 

W. W. Loring, major, commanding mounted riflemen 74 

J. Dimmick, brevet major, commanding 1st artillery 77 

J. Dimmick, brevet major, commanding 1st artillery 78 

E. B. Alexander, captain, commandin|t3d infantry 79 

L. S. Craig, captain, commanding det^l 3d infantry 83 

B. Riley, brevet colonel, commanding 2d brigade. 84 

B. Riley, brevet colonel, commanding 2d brigade 88 

John L. Gardner, major, commanding 4th artillery 91 

T. Morris, captain, commanding 2d infantry M 

J. Plympton, lieutenant colonel, conmianding 7th infantry 98 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Report of J. B. Magrudaf, captain, commanding light artillery, 1st regiment 101 

Franklin Pi^ri^e, brigadier general, commanding 1st brigade 105 

T. B. Ransom, colonel, commanding 9th infantry 112 

M. L. Bonham, lieutenant colonel, commanding 12th infantry 115 

Allen Wood, captain 12th infantry 116 

J. Howard, lieutenant colonel, commanding 15th infantry 117 

G. Cadwalader, brigadier general, commanding 2d brigade 118 

T. P. Andrews, lieutenant colonel, commanding voltigeurs 122 

W. M. Graham, lieutenant colonel, commanding 11th infantry 124 



VOLUNTEER DIVISION. 

les Shields, brigadier general, commanding 1st brigade, enclosing. . . . 

rd B. Burnett, colonel, commanding New York volunteers 

'. Dickinson, lieutenant colonel, commanding South Carolina volunteers 



'Report of James Shields, brigad 
Ward B. Burnett, col 
J.P 



127 
127 
130 



MOLING DEL REY. 



FIRST DIVISION WORTH'S. 

,Ileport of Brevet Colonel Duncan, artillery 134 

Brevet Colonel Duncan, commanding light battery 135 

Brevet Colonel Garland, commanding 1st brigade 137 

Captain McKenzie, 2d artillery T 139 

J Lieutenant Colonel Belton, commanding 3d artilbry 140 

Captain Burke, commanding 3d artillery 142 

Major Lee, commanding 4th infantry 143 

Brevet Colonel Mcintosh, commanding 2d brigade 145 

Captain Chapman, commanding 5th infantry 146 

Major Bonneville, commanding 6th infantry 148 

Captain Hoffman, commanding 6th infantry 149 

Brevet Major Montgomery, commanding 8th infantry , 150 

Captain Reeve, 8th infantry 152 

Captain Drum, 4th artillery 154 

THIRD DIVISION — PILLOw's. 

Report of Brigadier General Cadwalader, commanding 2d brigade 156 

Colonel Andrews, commanding voltigeurs 158 

Major Hunter, commanding 11th infantry 160 

Colonel Trousdale, commanding 14th infantry 162 

Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, 14th infantry 164 

Brevet Major Wright, commaading assaulting column 165 



]1] ji- 236 '/-'"^in 

CAPTURE OF MEXICO. j^, C 

OPERATIONS OF FIRST DIVISION— WORTH'S. --^ 1 S' 1 " // ' 

T. /. « ^ J Page. 

Keport of Captain Huger, acting chief of ordnance Y ' I ififi 

Lieutenant Smith, commanding engineer company.* ic? 

Brevet Colonel Garland, commanding 1st brigade irq 

r^Jt!- ^T^^l^""^ Colonel Duncan, commanding light baVtery," 2d'ar'tili;;-; 171 

Captam Brooks, commandmg battery, 2d artillery. 174, 

Lieutenant Colonel Belton, commanding 3d artillery 17? 

Major Lee, commanding 4th infantry \!j% 

Colonel Clarke, commanding 2d brigade. ...-...!!!!!.'!!!! 177 

Captain Chapman, commanding 5th°infantrV i7« 

Major Bonneville, 6th infantry .. \L% 

Lieutenant Johnson, 6th infantnj, Joq, 

Brevet Major Montgomery, co^anding Sth'infantry ." .' .' .' * .' * * ." " .' .' .' .' .' " .' .' 182. 

OPERATIONS SECOND DIVISION — TWIGGS's. 

et Brigadier General Smith, commanding 1st brigade 184. 

jor Gardner, commanding 4th artillery \ jgg 

aptain Morris, commanding 2d infantry \'.'.'.'.'. 187 

lieutenant Colonel Plympton, commanding 7th infantry! '.'.'.', \ '.'.','..'. '. '. \ \ 189' 

OPERATIONS OF THIRD DIVISION— PILLOW'S. 

Heport of Lieutenant Beauregard, engineers j90 

Captain Magruder, commanding light company," Ist artilieiV'.* .* ." ! .* ! .' .' .' .' .' 192 

Brigadier General Pierce, commanding 1st brigade 197 

Lieutenant Colonel Howard, commanding 15th" infantry! !!!!!!!!.!!"* 199 

Brigadier General Cadwaliader, commanding 2d brigade ! ! ! 2OI 

Colonel Andreu's, commanding voltigeurs \\ 206 

Lieutenant Colonel Johnson, voltigeurs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*!!! 210 

Major Seymour, commanding 9th mfantry !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 214 

Major Hunter, commanding 1 1th infantry !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 218 

Colonel Trousdale, commanding 14th infantry. ! ! ! ! 219) 

Lieutenant Colonel Hebert, 14th infantry !..!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 221 

OPERATIONS OF VOLUNTEER DIVISION— QUITMAN's. 

Report of Brigadier General Smith, commanding 1st brigade, 2d division, operatincr 

with volunteer division . 223^ 

Brigadier General Shields, commanding ist brigade' ' ! ! ! ! SQ'v 

Lieutenant Hunt, 2d artillery 22& 

Lieutenant Porter, 4th artillery !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 230 * 



^S'^uUe^lST"^'^' ^^ artillery, commanding storming party assaulting 



231 



LEMy'!2 



^^..f^f^^^'^yr. 



I 

I 



